ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Vascular bundles of the stem usually arranged in a single ring ...

218 Pages·2016·4.94 MB·English

ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES.
Vascular bundles of the stem usually arranged in a
single ring.
Cambium usually present.
Leaves with reticulate venation.
Embryo with two cotyledons (rarely one by reduction).
Flowers 4-5 merous.
Class I Dicotyledonae.
Vascular bundles of the stem usually scattered.
Cambium usually absent.
Leaves with parallal venation.
Embryo with one cotyledon.
Flowers typically 3 merous.
Class II monocotyledonae.
CLASS I DICOTYLEDONAE.
Petals free; Flowers dichlamydeous :
Subclass I polypetalae.
Calyx of distinct sepals, ovary superior or immsersed in
the disk
Torus small or elongated not expanded ...
Group I Thalamiflorac
Torus thickened or expanded into a fleshy disk ...
Group II Disciflnrae
Calyx of united sepals, ovary usually included in calyx
tube or inferior ...... .
Group III Calyciflorae
Petals united ..... . Subclass II Gamopetalae
Perianth generally calycine, single or absent ...
Subclass III Monochlamydeae
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Subclass Polypetalae
Group I Thalamiflorae
1. Stamens many (15 or more)
2. Carpels free, usually many but sometimes reduced to
one.
3. Habit terrestrial
4. Trees or shrubs leaves simpl.e not lobed
5. Leaves exstipulate, sepals & petal s valv3te thalamus
not el.ongate fruit fl.eshy
........ Annonaceae
I
1...- 3 . Habit aquatic .... Nymphaeaceae
2 . Carpels two or more, syncarpous ovary uni or
multilocular
6. Placentation sometimes spuriously 2 or marc
parie~c;
celled by prolongation of the placentas
7. Flowers actinomorphic
8. Ovary raised on a gynophore; if sessile leaves
compound....... Capparaceae
9. Ovary sessile leaves simple entire or lobed
10. Plants usually with yellow or milky sap: Flowers
bright yellow or red petals present
11. Herbs: Leaves not palmately or digitately divided;
r
sepals 2-3 fruit a capsule dehiscing by apical pores
or valves ..... Papaveraceae
6. Placentation free central or basal central
. ..... Portulacaceae
6. Placentation usually axile sometimes basal
11. Stamens monodelphous
12. Anther one celled
13. Mostly herbs or shrubs rarely trees, fruit a dehicent
capsule or of indehiscent cocci carpels 5 many
pollen rougn leaves mostly simple ..... Malvaceae
13. Trees; fruit a capsule or woody berry carpels 2-5
pollen smooth leaves compound ..... Bombacaceae
12. Anther 2 celled ..... Sterculiaceae
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1 Stamens distinct, arising from a raised or contracted
torus Anther 2 celled ...... Tiliaceae
1. Stamens few (not more than 10)
14. Carpels free 3 or 1 twining or sarmentose rarely
.....
trailing shrubs Menispermaceae
14. Carpels united; herbs, shrubs or trees
15. Flower s Zygomorphic
16. Sepals 5 two inner enlarged petaloid stamens 8
filaments united placentation axile .... Polygalaceae
16. Sepals 2 or 5 not enlar~ed stamens 5 or 6 free or in
two bundles placentation parietal
17. Sepals 2 scale like stamens 4 or 6 opposite the two
petals in tow bundles connective of anthers not
produced beyond another cells .... Fumariaceae
17. Sepals 5, well developed, stamens 5, free; connective
of anthers produced beyond anther cells ... Violaceae
15. Flowers actinomorphic;
17. Placentation Parietal:
18. Leaves Scale like; seeds plumose or winged
..... Tamaricaceae
18. Leaves well developed seed wingless
19. Petals cruciform; stamens 6, tetradynamous disc in the
form 4 glands opposite sepals
.... Brassicaceae (Cruiferae)
19. Petals not cruciform if 6 not tetradynamous disc
never in form of glands . ... Cappa raceae
teeth not glandular ..... Sapindaceae
3. Flowers spurred; anthers syngenesious; leaves simple.
alternate or opposite, at times basal marginal teeth
glandular .... Balsaminaceae
2. Flowers actinomorphic
4. Ovary syncarpous but styles 5, free of if 1 with 5
linear, stigmatose branches;
5. Usually woody, twini ng or sa rmentose; f rui t wi nged
. .... Malpighiaceae
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5. Plants not twining or sarmentose; fruit not winged;
6. Leaves simple.
7 . Perfect stamens IS; gland al.ternate with Petals,
..... Geraniaceae
6 . Leaves compound
8. Herbs; fruit a capsule ..... Oxalidaceae
9. Plants usually climbing or twining;
10. Petals present; flowers not urceolate
11. Inf1. leaf - opposed, often tend ri lla r leaves simple
or compound ..... Vitaceae
17. Placentation free central.
20. Sepals 2; Petals 4 5, Leaves fleshy; ovary superior
or !:; inferior ..... Portu! acaceae
20. Sepals and petals 5 each: Leaves not fleshy, ovary
superior ..... Caryophyllaceae
17. Placentation axile or sometimes basal.
21. Leaves opposite; sepals imbricate; plants not
stellately hairy ..... Elatinaceae
21. Leaves alternate; sepals valvate plants stellately
hairy
22. Stamens monodelphous antheriferous throughout it's
length; if stamens united at base only, fruit not
prickly ..... Sterculiaceae
22. Stamens distinct riliaceae
Group II Disciflorae
1. Placentation parictal; fruit a 3-valved, elongated
pod like capsul e ..... Moringaceac
1. Placentation axile or axile - pendulous; fruit not as
above :-
2. Flowers Zygomorphic
3. Flowers not spurred; anthers free; leaves ternatel y
compound,
11. Inf]. not leat opposed; tendrillar; l.eaves simple:
12. Fruit indehiscent, winged or not; seeds exarillatc
.... Rhmnaceae
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12. Fruit a dehiscent capsule, not winged; seeds arillate
..... Celastraceae
9. Herbs, Shrubs or trees; if twining, plants armed;
13. Leaves aromatic, gland - dotted .... Rutaceac
13. Leaves not gland dotted
14. Stamens monodelphous ..... Meliaceae
14. Stamens free
15. Plants usually with acrid resinous juice; stem
bearing resinous passages •••• Anacardiaceae
16. Inflorescence not leaf opposed:
17. Leaves simple.
18. Plants usually armed with prickles. . ... Rhmnaceae
19. Stamens 4-5 calyx not accrescent •.•• Celastraceae
17. Leaves compound
20. Leaves more than 2-foliolate; plants unarmed;
21. Plants not resinous: Leaves not gland dotteds
22. Tress: ovule one in each loculus;
23. Flowers regular; styles 2-5, connate; ovary lobed;
fruit winged, 1.Seeded •••• Simaroubaceae
23. Flowers irregular; style 1, simple sometimes divided
above: ovary not lobed; fruit 2-3 lobed drupe
.... Sapindaccac
22. Herbs or undershrubs; ovules 2 in each loculus; overy
angled or Ivinged .••• Zygophyllaceae
Group III Calyciflorae
1. Leaves mostly compound, rarely simple;
2. Stipules when present, not adnate to the petiol e;
carpel 1:
fruit legume
3. Flowers Papilionaccous ..... Papilionaccae
3. Flowers Zygomorphic but not papilionaceous
..... Caesalpiniaceae
3. Flowers regular, in heads or dense spikes
. .... Mimosaceae
2. Stipules adnate to the Petiole; Ca rpels many, free;
fruit an achene ..... Rosaceae
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Leaves Simple; fruit a capsule, achene, drupe, berry,
nut or schizocarpic;
4. Plants always tendril - bearing:
5 . Flowers unisexual; ovary inferior .... (ucurbitaceae
5. Flowers bisexual; ovary superior .... Passifloraceae
6 . Habit terrestrial:
7. Stamens usually indefinate
8. Leaves usually much reduced or 0;
Succulent plants with jointed, prickly phylloclades
...• Cact aceae
8. Leaves well developed: Plants not as above
9. Calyx free from the ovary (i.e. ovary superior)
10. Petals absent. It present not as below fleshy
ovulesbasal herbs or under shrub. . ... Aizoaceae
lOa. Petals present, episepalous and crumpled in bud;
margins crisped, erose or fimbriate; leaves not
fleshy; ovules on axile placentation; shrubs or trees
..... Lythraceae
9. Calyx more or less adnate to the ovary (i.e. ovary
inferior)
11. Herbs; leaves oblique at base; flowers unisexual;
capsule winged Begoniaceae
12. Leaves alternate, without intramarginal nerves and
not glandular punctate:
13. Ovary more than one-celled:
14. Locules of the ovary super posed; Flowers red or
orange coloured; fruit a berry with hard, woody rind
.... Punicaceae
12. Leaves opposite, gladular punctate, with
intra-marginal nerves Myrtaceae
7. Stamens usually definate, not more than 10;
15. Ovary inferior or ~ inferior
16. Leaves alternate, if opposite than ex stipulate;
17. Flowers in simpl e or compound umbel; Foliage
aromatic; Petiole sheathing; fruit of 2 indehiscent
dorsally or laterally compressed mericarps ... Apiaceae
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17. Flowers axil I ary sol itary or in racemes, spikes or
cymes;
18. Trees, Shrubs or woody climbers .... Combretaceae
15. Ovary Superior
19. Soft-wooded trees with latex; leaves palmately fid to
partite, with long, hollow petiole; petals united
..... Caricaceae
SUBCLASS II GAMOPETALAE
1. Ovary completely inferior or ~ inferior
2. Inflorescence an involucrate head; calyx absent or of
variously modified pappus; anthers united in a ring
around the style; ovary l-cel.led
....... Asteraceae (Compositae)
2. Inflorescence various, but not as above; Calyx
usually present; anthers free or connivent in a ring
around the style; ovary 2 - or more celled:
3. Leaves opposite; Stipules inter or intra petiolar
..... Rubiaceae
1. ovary superior:
4. Leafless, non-green root or stem parasites:
5 . Steam parasites ..... Cuscutaceae
5 . Root Parasites
6 . Placentation axile ., .. Scrophulariaceae
6 . Placentation parietal . .... Orobanchaceae
4. Plants carnivorous, aquatics or terrestrial s in wet
lands but always with leaf bladders .. Lentibulariaceae
7. Seeds not boat shaped
8. Carpels more than 2 :
9. Flowers usually unisexual; stamens inserted on the
receptacle .. ,. Ebenaceae
9. Flowers bisexual; Stamens inserted on the corolla:
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10. Trees, shrubs or woody twiners, style one. Plant with
milky juice, corolla 4-8 lobed, stamens as many as
corolla lobes and opposite to them or 2-3 times as
many often with staminodes; Ovary 2-8 celled. Calyx
without stipitate glands. ..... Sapotaceae
10. Herbs or shrubs; style 5; or if one, then with 5,
terminal stigmatose branches; ovary one celled; calyx
often with stipitate glands. . .... Plumbaginaceae
8. Carpels 2 (rarely 3-4 and then plants aquatic)
11. Plants with milky latex or greenish yellow sap:
12. Pollen masses not agglutinated into pollinia; style
one; anthers sagittate; stigma hour-glass-shaped or
dumbell-shaped ..... Apocynaceae
12. Pollen masses agglutinated into waxlike masses or
pollinia; style usually 2; anthers and stigma not as
above.
13. Filaments united; anthers with horny wings
..... Asclepiadaceae
13. Filaments free; anthers without horny wings .
...... Periplocaceac
11. Plants without milky-latex or greenish-yellow sap;
14. Flowers actinomorphic:
15. Inflorescence usually secund or one sided cymes:
16. Fruit a drupe, or of four nutlets; ovules definate in
each loculus:
17. Herbs or undershrubs; style entire or shortly 2
lobed ...... Boraginaceae
17. Trees or shrubs; style once forked or styles 2
..... Ehrctiaceae
15. Inflorescence not as above:
18. Leaves usually alternate:
19. Plants erect or diffuse, but not twining; ovary 2 -
celled; ovules many in each loculus on swollen
placentas .... Solanaceae
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19. Chiefly twining, at times trailing diffuse or erect:
ovary 2-celled; ovules 2 in each loculus or 4-celled
with one ovule in each loculus .... Convolvulaceae
18. Leaves opposite or at least lower ones opposite;
20. Stamens 2 ...... Oleaceae
20. Stamens 4-5;
21. Trees or shrubs; very rarely herbs and then stipules
small or reduced to a transverse line:
22. Ovary 1 - celled (if 2 celled, Plants armed) 1 - 2
ovulate ..... Salvadoraceae
r
21. Herbs, seldom undershrubs:
23. Ovary 1 - celled
24. Placentation free central; stamens opposite the
petals ...... Primulaceae
24. Placentation parietal; stamens alternate with petals
...... Gentianaceae
23. Ovary 2-celled; Placentation axile .. Scrophulariaceae
14. Flowers zygomorphic:
25. Leaves usually compound; if simple, seeds winged;
fruit elongated .... Bignoniaceae
25. Leaves usually simple; fruit not elongated; seeds not
wigned:
\
26. Flowers with conspicuous bracts and bracteoles; bract
seldom absent; stem often with swollen joints
..... Acanthaceae
26. Flowers without bract and bracteoles or bracts and
bracteoles in conspicuous: Stem not nbdose:
27. Flowers with extra-floral glands at base of pedicels:
28. Placentation axile; fruit a capsule or indehiscent
and spinous .... Pedaliaceae
28. Placentation parietal; fruit with hooked prongs
..... Martyniaceae
27. Flowers without extra-floral galnds at base of
( pedicels;
29.0vuleslor2ineachcell;
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30. Inflorescence a verticellaster; style gynobasic;
plants aromatic ..... Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
30. Inflorescence not as above; style terminal. Plants
not aromatic:
31. Plants maritime with Pneumatophores; branches
prominently nodose or articulate; placentation free
central; Placentas 4 winged; seed germination
viviparous ..... Avicenniaceae
31. Plants not as above; branches not nodose;
placentation axile; seed germination after separation
from parent plant .... Verbenaceae
29. Ovulues many in each loculus:
32. Placentation a::ile .... Scrophulariaceae
SUBCLASS III MONOCHLAMYDEAE
1. Ovary superior:
2. Flowers bisexual:
3. Perianth present:
4. Plants parasitic, leafless; anthers with valvular
dehiscence ..... Lauraceae
4. Plants not parasitic; anthers not as above:
5. Leaves with ochreate stipules .... Polygonaceae
5. Leaves exstipulate:
6. Herbs, undershrubs, woody stragglers or twining;
leaves entire or slightly lobed:
7. Perianth petaloid
8. Herbs or shrubs or straggling but not twining;
flowers in heads, cymes or umbels; stamens
circinately involute in bud; perianth constricted at
base frorming a peri gone, enclosing ovary
.... Nyctaginaceae
8. Herbaceous twiners; flowers in spikes, racemes or
panicles; perianth and stamens not as above
..... Basellaceae