Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

278 Pages·2020·14.298 MB·English

by  Chitra A

Artificial Intelligent Techniques
for Electric and Hybrid
Electric Vehicles
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener ([email protected])
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Scrivener Publishing
100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J
Beverly, MA 01915-6106
Publishers at Scrivener
Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Artificial Intelligent
Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Techniques for Electric
and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Edited by
Chitra A.,
Department of Energy and Power Electronics, Vellore Institute of Technology,

Vellore, India
P. Sanjeevikumar, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen

Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark
and
S. Himavathi
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering
College, Puducherry, India
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and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-68190-8
Cover image: Pixabay.Com
Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xiii
1 IoT-Based Battery Management System
for Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1
P. Sivaraman and C. Sharmeela
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Battery Configurations 3
1.3 Types of Batteries for HEV and EV 5
1.4 Functional Blocks of BMS 6
1.4.1 Components of BMS System 7
1.5 IoT-Based Battery Monitoring System 11
References 14
2 A Noble Control Approach for Brushless Direct Current Motor
Drive Using Artificial Intelligence for Optimum Operation
of the Electric Vehicle 17
Upama Das, Pabitra Kumar Biswas and Chiranjit Sain
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Introduction of Electric Vehicle 19
2.2.1 Historical Background of Electric Vehicle 19
2.2.2 Advantages of Electric Vehicle 20
2.2.2.1 Environmental 20
2.2.2.2 Mechanical 20
2.2.2.3 Energy Efficiency 20
2.2.2.4 Cost of Charging Electric Vehicles 21
2.2.2.5 The Grid Stabilization 21
2.2.2.6 Range 21
2.2.2.7 Heating of EVs 22
2.2.3 Artificial Intelligence 22
2.2.4 Basics of Artificial Intelligence 23
2.2.5 Advantages of Artificial Intelligence in Electric Vehicle 24
v
vi Contents
2.3 Brushless DC Motor 24
2.4 Mathematical Representation Brushless DC Motor 25
2.5 Closed-Loop Model of BLDC Motor Drive 30
2.5.1 P-I Controller & I-P Controller 31
2.6 PID Controller 32
2.7 Fuzzy Control 33
2.8 Auto-Tuning Type Fuzzy PID Controller 34
2.9 Genetic Algorithm 35
2.10 Artificial Neural Network-Based Controller 36
2.11 BLDC Motor Speed Controller With ANN-Based PID
Controller 37
2.11.1 PID Controller-Based on Neuro Action 38
2.11.2 ANN-Based on PID Controller 38
2.12 Analysis of Different Speed Controllers 39
2.13 Conclusion 41
References 42
3 Optimization Techniques Used in Active Magnetic Bearing
System for Electric Vehicles 49
Suraj Gupta, Pabitra Kumar Biswas, Sukanta Debnath
and Jonathan Laldingliana
3.1 Introduction 50
3.2 Basic Components of an Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) 54
3.2.1 Electromagnet Actuator 54
3.2.2 Rotor 54
3.2.3 Controller 55
3.2.3.1 Position Controller 56
3.2.3.2 Current Controller 56
3.2.4 Sensors 56
3.2.4.1 Position Sensor 56
3.2.4.2 Current Sensor 57
3.2.5 Power Amplifier 57
3.3 Active Magnetic Bearing in Electric Vehicles System 58
3.4 Control Strategies of Active Magnetic Bearing for Electric
Vehicles System 59
3.4.1 Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) 59
3.4.1.1 Designing of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)
Using MATLAB 60
3.4.2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 63
3.4.2.1 Artificial Neural Network Using MATLAB 63
3.4.3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 67
Contents vii
3.4.4 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm 68
3.4.4.1 Implementation of Particle Swarm
Optimization for Electric Vehicles System 70
3.5 Conclusion 71
References 72
4 Small-Signal Modelling Analysis of Three-Phase Power
Converters for EV Applications 77
Mohamed G. Hussien, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban,
Abd El-Wahab Hassan and Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 Overall System Modelling 79
4.2.1 PMSM Dynamic Model 79
4.2.2 VSI-Fed SPMSM Mathematical Model 80
4.3 Mathematical Analysis and Derivation of the Small-Signal
Model 86
4.3.1 The Small-Signal Model of the System 86
4.3.2 Small-Signal Model Transfer Functions 87
4.3.3 Bode Diagram Verification 96
4.4 Conclusion 100
References 100
5 Energy Management of Hybrid Energy Storage System
in PHEV With Various Driving Mode 103
S. Arun Mozhi, S. Charles Raja, M. Saravanan
and J. Jeslin Drusila Nesamalar
5.1 Introduction 104
5.1.1 Architecture of PHEV 104
5.1.2 Energy Storage System 105
5.2 Problem Description and Formulation 106
5.2.1 Problem Description 106
5.2.2 Objective 106
5.2.3 Problem Formulation 106
5.3 Modeling of HESS 107
5.4 Results and Discussion 108
5.4.1 Case 1: Gradual Acceleration of Vehicle 108
5.4.2 Case 2: Gradual Deceleration of Vehicle 109
5.4.3 Case 3: Unsystematic Acceleration and Deceleration
of Vehicle 110
5.5 Conclusion 111
References 112
viii Contents
6 Reliability Approach for the Power Semiconductor Devices
in EV Applications 115
Krishnachaitanya, D., Chitra, A. and Biswas, S.S.
6.1 Introduction 115
6.2 Conventional Methods for Prediction of Reliability
for Power Converters 116
6.3 Calculation Process of the Electronic Component 118
6.4 Reliability Prediction for MOSFETs 119
6.5 Example: Reliability Prediction for Power
Semiconductor Device 121
6.6 Example: Reliability Prediction for Resistor 122
6.7 Conclusions 123
References 123
7 Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Drive Cycles
for PMSM-Based HEV With Optimal Battery Type 125
Chitra, A., Srivastava, Shivam, Gupta, Anish, Sinha, Rishu,
Biswas, S.S. and Vanishree, J.
7.1 Introduction 126
7.2 Modeling of Hybrid Electric Vehicle 127
7.2.1 Architectures Available for HEV 128
7.3 Series—Parallel Hybrid Architecture 129
7.4 Analysis With Different Drive Cycles 129
7.4.1 Acceleration Drive Cycle 130
7.4.1.1 For 30% State of Charge 130
7.4.1.2 For 60% State of Charge 131
7.4.1.3 For 90% State of Charge 131
7.5 Cruising Drive Cycle 132
7.6 Deceleration Drive Cycle 132
7.6.1 For 30% State of Charge 134
7.6.2 For 60% State of Charge 136
7.6.3 For 90% State of Charge 137
7.7 Analysis of Battery Types 139
7.8 Conclusion 140
References 141
8 Modified Firefly-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking
Algorithm for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions 143
Chitra, A., Yogitha, G., Karthik Sivaramakrishnan,
Razia Sultana, W. and Sanjeevikumar, P.
8.1 Introduction 143
8.2 System Block Diagram Specifications 146