Artificial Intelligence Research: Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022, Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022, Proceedings

411 Pages·2022·37.185 MB·English

by  Anban Pillay, Edgar Jembere, Aurona Gerber

Anban Pillay
Edgar Jembere
Aurona Gerber (Eds.)
Communications in Computer and Information Science 1734
Artificial Intelligence
Research
Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022
Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022
Proceedings
Communications
in Computer and Information Science 1734
EditorialBoardMembers
JoaquimFilipe
PolytechnicInstituteofSetúbal,Setúbal,Portugal
AshishGhosh
IndianStatisticalInstitute,Kolkata,India
RaquelOliveiraPrates
FederalUniversityofMinasGerais(UFMG),BeloHorizonte,Brazil
LizhuZhou
TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,China
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/7899
· ·
Anban Pillay Edgar Jembere
Aurona Gerber (Eds.)
Artificial Intelligence
Research
Third Southern African Conference, SACAIR 2022
Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 5–9, 2022
Proceedings
Editors
AnbanPillay EdgarJembere
UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal
Durban,SouthAfrica Durban,SouthAfrica
AuronaGerber
UniversityofPretoria
Pretoria,SouthAfrica
ISSN 1865-0929 ISSN 1865-0937 (electronic)
CommunicationsinComputerandInformationScience
ISBN 978-3-031-22320-4 ISBN 978-3-031-22321-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22321-1
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense
toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow
knownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare
believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors
give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or
omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsin
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
This,volume1734oftheSpringerCommunicationsinComputerandInformationSci-
ence (CCIS) series, contains the revised accepted papers of the third South African
ConferenceofArtificialIntelligence(SACAIR2022).ThesecondSACAIR2022pro-
ceedings volume is published as an online proceedings that will be available on the
SACAIR2022website.
The inter- and trans-disciplinary nature of the SACAIR series of conferences in
artificialintelligenceisuniqueinprovidingavenueforresearchersfromadiverseset
of disciplines that include computer science, engineering, information systems, law,
philosophy,andotherhumanities.Theorganizationofsuchaconferencehastocarefully
considerthedifferingresearchmethods,interests,publicationstandards,andculturesof
thesedisciplines.Theconferencewasthusorganizedaroundthefollowingfourtracks:
Algorithmic,SymbolicandData-DrivenAI(ComputerScienceandEngineering-CSE),
Socio-technical and Human-centered AI (Information Systems - IS), Responsible and
EthicalAI(PhilosophyandLaw-PHIL),andInter-andTrans-disciplinaryAIResearch.
The Program Committee comprised 112 members (representing some 43 research
institutions),28ofwhomwerefromoutsideSouthernAfrica.Eachpaperwasreviewed
byatleasttwomembersoftheProgramCommitteeinarigorousdouble-blindprocess.
Greatcarewastakentoensuretheintegrityoftheconferenceincludingcarefulattention
toavoidconflictsofinterest.Thefollowingcriteriawereusedtoratesubmissionsandto
guidedecisions:relevancetoSACAIR,significance,technicalquality,scholarship,and
presentation,whichincludedqualityandclarityofwriting.
Wereceivedjustunder100abstracts,andafterafirstroundofevaluation,73submis-
sions were sent to our SACAIR Program Committee members for review. The papers
consistedof54intheCSEtrack,11intheIStrack,andseveninthePHILtrack.Intotal,26
fullresearchpaperswereselectedforpublicationinthisSpringerCCISvolume(which
translates to an acceptance rate of 35.6%), whilst a further 18 papers were accepted
forinclusionintheonlinevolume(24.7%).Thetotalacceptancerateforpublicationin
thetwoSACAIR2022proceedings volumes was60.2%forreviewed submissions.In
total,fourpapersfromtheResponsibleandEthicalAItrack,eightpapersfromSocio-
technicalandHuman-centeredAItrack,and32papersfromtheAlgorithmic,Symbolic
andData-DrivenAItrackwereacceptedforpublicationinthetwovolumes.
Thankyoutoalltheauthorswhosubmittedworkofanexceptionalstandardtothe
conferenceandcongratulationstotheauthorswhoseworkwasacceptedforpublication.
WeplaceonrecordourgratitudetotheProgramCommitteememberswhosethoughtful
andconstructivecommentswerewellreceivedbytheauthors.
October2022 AnbanPillay
EdgarJembere
AuronaGerber
Message from the General Chairs
It is with great pleasure that we write this foreword to the proceedings of the third
SouthernAfricanConferenceforArtificialIntelligenceResearch(SACAIR2022),held
asahybridonlineandin-personeventduringDecember5–9,2022.Theprogramincluded
anunconferenceforstudentsonDecember5(astudent-driveneventallowingstudents
tointeractwitheachotherandwithsponsorsandpotentialemployers),adayoftutorials
onDecember6,andthemainconferenceduringDecember7–9,2022.
SACAIR 2022 is the third international conference focused on artificial intelli-
gence (AI) hosted by the SACAIR Steering Committee, an affiliate of the Centre for
AI Research (CAIR). CAIR1 is a South African distributed research network estab-
lishedin2011thataimstobuildworld-classartificialintelligenceresearchcapacityin
SouthAfrica.CAIRconductsfoundational,directed,andappliedresearchintovarious
aspects of AI through its nine research groups based at six South African universities
(the University of Pretoria, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Cape
Town, Stellenbosch University, the University of the Western Cape, and North-West
University).
TheinauguralCAIRconference,theForumforAIResearch(FAIR2019)washeld
inCapeTown,SouthAfrica,inDecember2019,SACAIR2020washeldinFebruary
2021afterbeingpostponedduetotheCOVID-19pandemic,andSACAIR2021wasan
onlineeventhostedbytheUniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,inDurban,inDecember2021.
We are pleased that this, our third annual Southern African Conference for Arti-
ficial Intelligence Research (SACAIR), continued to enjoy the confidence of the
SouthAfricanartificialintelligenceresearchcommunity.The2022conferenceattracted
supportfrombothauthors,whosubmittedhigh-qualityresearchpapers,andresearchers,
whosupportedtheconferencebyservingontheinternationalProgramCommittee.
Anysufficientlyadvancedtechnologyhasthepotentialtotransformsocietyforbet-
terorworse.Artificialintelligencetechnologies,particularlyintheircurrentdata-driven
form, have the potential to transform our world for the better. However, especially in
the context of machine learning applications, there are well-founded concerns around
fairness,structuralbiasandamplificationofexistingsocialstereotypes,privacy,trans-
parency,accountabilityandresponsibility,andtrade-offsamongalltheseconcerns,espe-
cially within the context of security, robustness, and accuracy of AI systems. These
issuestalkdirectlytoconcernsaroundsocialjusticethathavebecomeevermoreimpor-
tant in the modern age. It was decided that the theme for SACAIR 2022 should be
“AIforSocialJustice”.Thechoiceofconferencethemewasintendedtoensuremulti-
disciplinarycontributionsthatfocusbothonthetechnicalaspectsandthesocialimpact
and consequences of AI technologies. To give expression to this, the conference was
organizedasamulti-trackconferencecoveringbroadareasofartificialintelligence:
1https://www.cair.org.za/.
viii MessagefromtheGeneralChairs
– Algorithmic,DataDrivenandSymbolicAI(ComputerScienceandEngineering)
– Socio-technicalandHuman-centeredAI(InformationSystems)
– ResponsibleandEthicalAI(PhilosophyandLaw)
– Inter-andTransdisciplinaryAIResearch
Theacceptedpapersshowahealthybalancebetweencontributionsonlogic-based
AIandthoseondata-drivenAI,asthefocusonknowledgerepresentationandreason-
ingremainsanimportantingredientofstudyingandextendinghumanintelligence.In
addition,importantcontributionsfromthefieldsofsocial-technicalandhuman-centred
AIandresponsibleandethicalAIarereportedinthisvolume.
Weexpectthismulti-andinterdisciplinaryconferencetogrowintothepremierAI
conferenceinSouthernAfricaasitbringstogethernationallyandinternationallyestab-
lishedandemergingresearchersfromdisciplinesincludingcomputerscience,engineer-
ing, mathematics, statistics, informatics, philosophy, and law. The conference is also
focused on cultivating and establishing a network of talented students working in AI
fromacrossAfrica.
Aconferenceofthisnatureisnotpossiblewithoutthehardworkandcontributionsof
manystakeholders.Weextendoursinceregratitudetooursponsors:theArtificialIntel-
ligenceJournal(AIJ),theNationalInstituteofComputationalSciences(NiTHeCS),the
CentreforArtificialIntelligenceResearch(CAIR)andtheBMWITHubSouthAfrica.
Thesesponsorsenabledustooffergenerousscholarshipstostudentsandemergingaca-
demicstoparticipateintheconference.Wesincerelythanktheprogramchairsfortheir
work in overseeing technical aspects of the conference and the publication of the two
volumes of the proceedings, the international panel of reviewers, our keynote speak-
ers,authors,andparticipantsfortheircontributions.Finally,weextendourgratitudeto
thetrackchairs,thelocalorganizingcommittee,studentorganizers,andtheconference
organizerfortheirsubstantivecontributionstothesuccessofSACAIR2022.
October2022 AltadeWaal
BruceWatson
Organization
GeneralChairs
AltadeWaal BMWITHubSouthAfricaandUniversityof
Pretoria,SouthAfrica
BruceWatson StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
ProgramCommitteeChairs
AuronaGerber UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
AnbanPillay UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
OrganizingCommittee
AltadeWaal BMWITHubSouthAfricaandUniversityof
Pretoria,SouthAfrica
BruceWatson StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
AuronaGerber UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
DanieSmit BMWITHubSouthAfrica,SouthAfrica
EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
EmileEngelbrecht StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
EmmaRuttkamp-Bloem UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
AnbanPillay UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
ProgramCommittee
Algorithmic,Data-DrivenandSymbolicAITrack
TrackChairs
AltadeWaal BMWITHubSouthAfricaandUniversityof
Pretoria,SouthAfrica
AnbanPillay UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
ArinaBritz StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
EdgarJembere UniversityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
IvanVarzinczak Universitéd’Artois,France
TerenceVanZyl UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica
x Organization
ProgramCommittee
AbiodunModupe UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
AlbertHelberg North-WestUniversity,SouthAfrica
AllanDeFreitas UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
AndrewPaskaramoorthy UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica
AnnaSergeevnaBosman UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
BruceWatson StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
BubacarrBah AfricanInstituteforMathematicalSciences
(AIMS),SouthAfrica
CharisHarley UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica
ColinChibaya SolPlaatjeUniversity,SouthAfrica
DavidToman UniversityofWaterloo,Canada
DeonCotterrell UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica
DeshendranMoodley UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica
DuncanCoulter UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica
DustinVanDerHaar UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica
EduanKotzé UniversityoftheFreeState,SouthAfrica
EtienneBarnard North-WestUniversity,SouthAfrica
FabioCozman UniversityofSãoPaulo,Brazil
FebedeWet StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
FredNicolls UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica
GiftKhangamwa UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica
GiovanniCasini ISTI-CNR,Italy
GuillermoR.Simari UniversidaddelSurinBahiaBlanca,Argentina
HairongWang UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica
HermanKamper StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
HimaVadapalli UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica
IlianaM.Petrova Inria,France
IngerFabris-Rotelli UniversityofPretoria,SouthAfrica
JacoVersfeld StellenboschUniversity,SouthAfrica
JanBuys UniversityofCapeTown,SouthAfrica
JesseHeyninck OpenUniversiteit,TheNetherlands
JiahaoHuo UniversityoftheWitwatersrand,SouthAfrica
Jules-RaymondTapamo UnivesityofKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica
JusticeEmuoyibofarhe LadokeAkintolaUniversityofTechnology,
Nigeria
KarimTabia Universitéd’Artois,France
LauraGiordano UniversitàdelPiemonteOrientale,Italy
LaurentPerrussel IRIT,UniversitedeToulouse,France
LeopoldoBertossi SKEMABusinessSchool,Canada
LouiseLeenen UniversityoftheWesternCape,SouthAfrica
MakhamisaSenekane UniversityofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica