Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Public Healthcare: Opportunities and Societal Impact

93 Pages·2021·2.12 MB·English

by  KC Santosh

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN APPLIED SCIENCES AND
TECHNOLOGY · COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
KC Santosh
Loveleen Gaur
Artificial
Intelligence and
Machine Learning in
Public Healthcare
Opportunities and
Societal Impact
123
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and Technology
Computational Intelligence
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·
KC Santosh Loveleen Gaur
Artificial Intelligence
and Machine Learning
in Public Healthcare
Opportunities and Societal Impact
KCSantosh LoveleenGaur
UniversityofSouthDakota AmityUniversity
Vermillion,SD,USA Noida,India
ISSN2191-530X ISSN2191-5318 (electronic)
SpringerBriefsinAppliedSciencesandTechnology
ISSN2625-3704 ISSN2625-3712 (electronic)
SpringerBriefsinComputationalIntelligence
ISBN978-981-16-6767-1 ISBN978-981-16-6768-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6768-8
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Dedicationandmotivation
Thisbookisdedicatedtoalltheresearchers,
scientists,andhealthcareworkerswho
workedtirelesslytocombatwithCOVID-19
pandemic.
Thebookismotivatedbythefollowing
statements:
“Forhewhohashealthhashope;andhewho
hashope,haseverything—ThomasCarlyle.”
“Healthcareisvitaltoallofussomeofthe
time,but publichealthisvitaltoallofusall
ofthetime—C.EverettKoop.”
“Thecareofpublichealthisthefirstdutyof
thestatesman—BenjaminDisraeli”
“Life’smostpersistentandurgentquestion
is,‘Whatareyoudoingforothers?—Martin
LutherKingJr.”
“Soweneedtwothings:first,weneedways
ofpredictinganddetectingdiseasewell
beforeitbecomeslifethreatening;and
second,weneedmedicinesthatworkforyou
andyouruniquebody—PieterCullis.”
“Thegoodorhealthysocietywouldthenbe
definedasonethatpermittedpeople’shighest
purposestoemergebysatisfyingalltheir
basicneeds—AbrahamMaslow.”
“We’reatthebeginning ofagoldenageof
AI.Recentadvancementshavealreadyledto
inventionthatpreviouslylivedintherealmof
sciencefiction—andwe’veonlyscratchedthe
surfaceofwhat’spossible—JeffBezos”
“Ethicsisknowingthedifferencebetween
whatyouhavetherighttodoandwhatis
righttodo—PotterStewart”
Foreword
Iamincrediblyhonoredanddelightedtowriteaforewordforthishighlyinformative
andtimelybookArtificialIntelligenceandMachineLearninginPublicHealthcare:
Opportunities and Societal Impact. As an infectious disease physician intimately
involved in COVID-19, tuberculosis, and HIV-related medical care, education and
researchaswellDirectoroftheMayoClinicCenterforTuberculosis,aWorldHealth
OrganizationCollaboratingCenterIndigitalhealthandprecisionmedicinefortuber-
culosis,Ihaverealappreciationforthepotentialofartificialintelligenceandmachine
learning to advance the objectives of public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has
furtherhighlightedtheimportanceofmodernideas,freshplayers,newapproaches,
andup-to-datetechnologiesinunderstanding,preventing,forecasting,andmanaging
diseasesofpublichealthandglobalimportance.AsdifficultascopingwithCOVID-
19 has been and continues to be, I would like to think that it has united us with a
singleagendaofbetterhealthandsafetyglobally.
The authors have brilliantly covered opportunities, trends, concerns, and chal-
lenges associated with the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into health-
care.Thebookisaimedtoattractthosereaderswhoareinterestedinunderstanding
the fundamental structure of AI as it relates healthcare. Healthcare professionals,
medical scientists, and AI researchers in both academia and industry can benefit
fromthisbook.
vii
viii Foreword
InadditiontodescribingthecurrentlandscapeandfuturetrendsofAIinpublic
health, this book will go a long way to advocate for the importance of integrating
intelligenttoolsandtechniqueswithpublichealthforbetterandsustainablefuture.I
heartilycongratulatetheauthorsforproducingsuchanexcellentworkamidstthese
unprecedenteddifficulttimes.
ZelalemTemesgen,MDFIDSA
ProfessorofMedicine
Director
MayoClinicCenterforTuberculosis—AWorld
HealthOrganization—CollaboratingCenterin
DigitalHealthandPrecisionMedicine
Director
HIVProgram,DivisionofInfectiousDiseases
MayoClinic
Editor-in-Chief:JournalofClinicalTuberculosis
andOtherMycobacterialDiseases
Preface
Publichealthrequiresspecialattentionasitdriveseconomyandeducationsystem.
COVID-19isanexample—atrulyinfectiousdiseaseoutbreak.ThevisionofWHO
istocreatepublichealthservicesthatcandealwithabove-mentionedcrucialchal-
lengesbyfocusingonthefollowingelements:healthprotection,diseaseprevention,
andhealthpromotion.Fortheseissues,inthebigdataanalyticsera,AI-drivenand
Machine Learning (ML) tools and/or techniques have potential to improve public
health (e.g. existing healthcare solutions and wellness services). In other words,
they have proved to be valuable tools not only to analyze/diagnose pathology but
alsotoacceleratedecision-makingprocedureespeciallywhenweconsiderresource-
constrainedregions.Thisbookdiscussesandevaluatesactualandpotentialcontri-
butions with AI and ML algorithms in dealing with challenges that are primarily
related to public health. It also helps find ways in which we can measure possible
consequencesandsocietalimpactsbytakingthefollowingfactorsintoaccount:open
public health issues and common AI solutions (with multiple case studies such as
TBandCOVID-19),AIinsustainablehealthcare,AIinprecisionmedicine,anddata
privacyissues.
Vermillion,USA KCSantosh
Noida,India LoveleenGaur
ix