Artificial General Intelligence: 8th International Conference, AGI 2015, AGI 2015, Berlin, Germany, July 22-25, 2015, Proceedings

425 Pages·2015·13.89 MB·English

by  Jordi Bieger

Jordi Bieger · Ben Goertzel
Alexey Potapov (Eds.)
5 Artificial
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8th International Conference, AGI 2015
Berlin, Germany, July 22–25, 2015
Proceedings
123
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Lecture Notes in Arti cial Intelligence 9205
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Jordi Bieger Ben Goertzel
(cid:129)
Alexey Potapov (Eds.)
fi
Arti cial
General Intelligence
8th International Conference, AGI 2015
–
Berlin, Germany, July 22 25, 2015
Proceedings
123
Editors
Jordi Bieger Alexey Potapov
ReykjavikUniversity Saint PetersburgState University
Reykjavik of Information Technologies,
Iceland MechanicsandOptics
St.Petersburg
BenGoertzel
Russia
Hong KongPolytechnic University
Hong KongSAR
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Artificial Intelligence
ISBN 978-3-319-21364-4 ISBN978-3-319-21365-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21365-1
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Preface
Almost exactly 60 years ago, in the summer of 1955, John McCarthy coined the term
“artificial intelligence” (AI) to refer to “the science and engineering of making intelli-
gentmachines”inaproposalforasummerresearchprojectatDarthmouthCollege.The
subsequentDarthmouthConferencesof1956areoftencreditedwiththecreationofthe
field of AI. But as the problem proved much more difficult than anticipated, disillu-
sionmentsetin.Thegoalofcreatingmachinesthatcouldthinkatalevelcomparableto
humanswassetasidebymany,infavorofthecreationof“smart”applicationsthatwere
highly successful in specialized domains. Since then “AI” and “narrow AI” have
become almost synonymous and the development of systems showing more general
intelligencein a wide variety ofdomainswas seenas unattainable.
Butafterhavingbeenlargelyignoredformanydecades,thelasttenyearshaveseen
a small resurgence in the pursuit of what we now call artificial general intelligence
(AGI). While the contributions of narrow AI to science and society are undeniable,
manyresearcherswerefrustratedwiththelackofprogresstowardthelargergoalofAI.
Armed with novel technology and ideas, a new optimism has taken hold of the
community. Creating thinking machines may be a daunting task, but many people
todaybelievethatitisnotimpossible,andthatwecantakestepstowardthatgoalifwe
keep our eye on the ball.
TheAGIconferenceseries,organizedbytheAGISociety,hasbeenthemainvenue
forbringingtogetherresearchersinthisre-emergingfield.Forthepasteightyearsithas
facilitated the exchange of knowledge and ideas by providing an accessible platform
for communication and collaboration. This volume contains the research papers
accepted for presentation at the Eighth Conference on Artificial General Intelligence
(AGI-15),held duringJuly 22–25, 2015,inBerlin. Atotalof72research papers were
submitted to the conference, and after desk rejecting 14 (19 %), each paper was
reviewed by at least two, and on average 2.93, Program Committee members. We
accepted23papersfororalpresentation(32%)aswellas19posters(26%),ofwhich
one was withdrawn.
Inaddition to these contributed talks, theconference featured JürgenSchmidhuber,
directoroftheSwissAIlabIDSIAinLugano,andFrankWood,associateprofessorat
the University of Oxford, who gave invited keynote speeches on “The Deep Learning
RNNaissance” and probabilistic programming with the Anglican language. José
Hernández-Orallo, professor at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, gave a tutorial
ontheevaluationofintelligentsystems.AnothertutorialwasgivenbyAlexeyPotapov,
professorattheITMOUniversityandSt.PetersburgStateUniversity,ontheminimum
descriptionlengthprinciple.Athirdtutorial,givenbyNilGeisweiler,CosmoHarrigan
and Ben Goertzel, described how tocombine program learning and probabilistic logic
inOpenCog.MartinBalekandDusanFedorcakpresentedavisualeditorfordesigning
the architectureof artificial brains.Finally, theconference also featured workshops on
Socioeconomic Implications of AGI and on Synthetic Cognitive Development and
VI Preface
Integrated-Distributed Agency, organized in collaboration with the Global Brain
Institute at the Free University of Brussels.
Finally, many thanks are due to those who helped organize the conference,
includingJanKlauck,JoschaBach,andmanyothers;andtotheconference’ssponsors
including Kurzweil AI, Keen Software House, and the OpenCog Foundation.
May 2015 Jordi Bieger
Ben Goertzel
Alexey Potapov
Organization
Organizing Committee
Ben Goertzel AGI Society, USA
(Conference Chair)
Joscha Bach MIT and Harvard University, USA
Matthew Iklé Adams State University, USA
Jan Klauck Austrian Space Forum, Austria
(Local Chair)
Program Chairs
Jordi Bieger Reykjavik University, Iceland
Alexey Potapov AIDEUS and ITMO University, Russia
Program Committee
Bo An Nanyang Technological University, China
Itamar Arel University of Tennessee, USA
Joscha Bach MIT and Harvard University, USA
Tarek Besold University of Osnabrück, Germany
Cristiano Castelfranchi Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Italy
Antonio Chella University of Palermo, Italy
Blerim Emruli Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
Stan Franklin University of Memphis, USA
Deon Garrett Icelandic Institute for Intelligent Machines, Iceland
Nil Geisweiller Novamente LLC, USA
Helmar Gust University of Osnabrück, Germany
José Hernández-Orallo Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain
Bill Hibbard University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA
Marcus Hutter Australian National University, Australia
Matthew Iklé Adams State University, USA
Benjamin Johnston University of Sydney, Australia
Cliff Joslyn Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA
Randal Koene Carboncopies.org, USA
Kai-Uwe Kühnberger University of Osnabrück, Germany
Shane Legg Google Inc., USA
Moshe Looks Google Inc., USA
Maricarmen Martinez University of Los Andes, Colombia
Amedeo Napoli LORIA Nancy, France
Eric Nivel Icelandic Institute for Intelligent Machines, Iceland
VIII Organization
Laurent Orseau Google Inc., USA
Guenter Palm Ulm University, Germany
Maxim Peterson ITMO University, Russia
Paul Rosenbloom University of Southern California, USA
Rafal Rzepka Hokkaido University, Japan
Samer Schaat Vienna Technical University, Austria
Ute Schmid University of Bamberg, Germany
Jürgen Schmidhuber IDSIA, Switzerland
Javier Snaider Google Inc., USA
Bas Steunebrink IDSIA, Switzerland
Claes Strannegård University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Kristinn Thórisson Reykjavik University, Iceland
Julian Togelius IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Mario Verdicchio University of Bergamo, Italy
Pei Wang Temple University, USA
Roman Yampolskiy University of Louisville, USA
Byoung-Tak Zhang Seoul National University, South Korea
Additional Reviewers
Mayank Daswani Australian National University, Australia
Tom Everitt Stockholm University, Sweden
Matthias Jakubec Vienna Technical University, Austria
Jan Leike Australian National University, Australia
Lydia Chaido Siafara Vienna Technical University, Austria
Qiong Wu Nanyang Technological University, China
Steering Committee
Ben Goertzel AGI Society, USA (Chair)
Marcus Hutter Australian National University, Australia
Contents
Papers Presented Orally
Modeling Motivation in MicroPsi 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Joscha Bach
Genetic Programming on Program Traces as an Inference Engine
for Probabilistic Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Vita Batishcheva and Alexey Potapov
Scene Based Reasoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Frank Bergmann and Brian Fenton
Anchoring Knowledge in Interaction: Towards a Harmonic
Subsymbolic/Symbolic Framework and Architecture
of Computational Cognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Tarek R. Besold, Kai-Uwe Kühnberger, Artur d’Avila Garcez,
Alessandro Saffiotti, Martin H. Fischer, and Alan Bundy
Safe Baby AGI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Jordi Bieger, Kristinn R. Thórisson, and Pei Wang
Observation, Communication and Intelligence in Agent-Based Systems . . . . 50
Nader Chmait, David L. Dowe, David G. Green, and Yuan-Fang Li
Reflective Variants of Solomonoff Induction and AIXI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Benja Fallenstein, Nate Soares, and Jessica Taylor
Are There Deep Reasons Underlying the Pathologies of Today’s Deep
Learning Algorithms? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Ben Goertzel
Speculative Scientific Inference via Synergetic Combination of Probabilistic
Logic and Evolutionary Pattern Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Ben Goertzel, Nil Geisweiller, Eddie Monroe, Mike Duncan,
Selamawit Yilma, Meseret Dastaw, Misgana Bayetta, Amen Belayneh,
Matthew Ikle’, and Gino Yu
Stochastic Tasks: Difficulty and Levin Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
José Hernández-Orallo
Instrumental Properties of Social Testbeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Javier Insa-Cabrera and José Hernández-Orallo