Arthritis and Arthroplasty: The Knee

352 Pages·2009·35.27 MB·English

by  Thomas E. Brown

Arthritis & Arthroplasty: The Knee
brown-01.indd 3 6/10/2010 9:04:59 AM
Series Editors
Thomas E. Brown, MD
Associate Professor
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Quanjun Cui, MD
Assistant Professor
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
William M. Mihalko, MD, PhD
Campbell Clinic Orthopaedics
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Tennessee
Director, Adult Reconstructive Research
InMotion Musculoskeletal Institute
Memphis, Tennessee
Khaled J. Saleh, MD, MSc(Epid), FRCSC, FACS
Professor
Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Public Health Sciences
Division Head
Fellowship Director
Adult Reconstruction University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia
Other Volumes in the Arthritis & Arthroplasty Series
The Foot and Ankle
The Hand, Wrist and Elbow
The Hip
The Shoulder
The Spine
brown-01.indd 4 6/10/2010 9:04:59 AM
Arthritis & Arthroplasty:
The Knee
Edited by
Thomas E. Brown, MD
Associate Professor
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Quanjun Cui, MD
Assistant Professor
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
William M. Mihalko, MD, PhD
Campbell Clinic Orthopaedics
Associate Professor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
University of Tennessee
Director, Adult Reconstructive Research
InMotion Musculoskeletal Institute
Memphis, Tennessee
Khaled J. Saleh, MD, MSc(Epid), FRCSC, FACS
Professor
Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Public Health Sciences
Division Head
Fellowship Director
Adult Reconstruction University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, Virginia
brown-01.indd 5 6/10/2010 9:05:00 AM
1600JohnF.KennedyBLVD.
Ste1800
Philadelphia,PA19103-2899
ARTHRITIS&ARTHROPLASTY:THEKNEE
ISBN:978-1-4160-4974-6
Copyright#2009bySaunders,animprintofElsevierInc.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,
electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,
withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sRights
Department:phone:( 1)2152393804(US)or( 44)1865843830(UK);fax:( 44)1865853333;e-mail:
þ þ þ
[e-mail]queston-lineviatheElsevierwebsiteat
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Notice
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroaden
ourknowledge,changesinpractice,treatmentanddrugtherapymaybecomenecessaryorappropriate.
Readersareadvisedtocheckthemostcurrentinformationprovided(i)onproceduresfeaturedor(ii)bythe
manufacturerofeachproducttobeadministered,toverifytherecommendeddoseorformula,themethod
anddurationofadministration,andcontraindications.Itistheresponsibilityofthepractitioners,relyingon
theirownexperienceandknowledgeofthepatient,tomakediagnoses,todeterminedosagesandthebest
treatmentforeachindividualpatient,andtotakeallappropriatesafetyprecautions.Tothefullestextentofthe
law,neitherthePublishernortheEditorsassumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor
propertyarisingoutoforrelatedtoanyuseofthematerialcontainedinthisbook.
ThePublisher
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Arthritis&arthroplasty.Theknee/seriesandvolumeeditors,ThomasE.Brown...[etal.].–1sted.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-4160-4974-6
1.Totalkneereplacement.I.Brown,ThomasE.,M.D.II.Title:Knee.III.Title:Arthritisandarthroplasty.
[DNLM:1.Arthroplasty,Replacement,Knee–methods.2.Arthritis–surgery.WE870A78552009]
RD561.A7482009
617.50820592–dc22
2009003413
PublishingDirector:KimMurphy
DevelopmentalEditor:JuliaBartz
SeniorProjectManager:DavidSaltzberg
EditorialAssistant:MikeMorrissey
DesignDirection:EllenZanolle
MarketingManager:WilliamVeltre
PrintedinChina
Lastdigitistheprintnumber: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
brown-01.indd 6 6/10/2010 9:05:00 AM
Thisbookisdedicatedtoalloftheorthopedistshereandabroadwhostrivetodotherightthingand
provide the finest possible care for their patients, amidst ever-increasing pressures that detract
from this prime directive. I hope we don’t lose sight of why we entered this profession.
Thomas E. Brown, MD
To my parents and my mentors at University of Virginia and Henan Medical University, who have
instilled in me the virtues of hard work, compassion, sacrifice, and professionalism. To my wife,
Ling, and children, Jingjing and Jeffery, for their understanding, support, and love.
Quanjun Cui, MD
To the most important people in my life: my wife (Lori), my children (Robert, Rachel, Matthew,
Michelle, and Marcus), my parents (Bob and Jane), and my mentors (Kenneth A. Krackow, MD,
and Leo A. Whiteside, MD). I also dedicate this book to all of my past residents and fellows, who
have been a joy to teach and have made me a better teacher and surgeon throughout the years.
I also thank God for all of the blessings He has bestowed upon me and for allowing me
to use those blessings to help my patients on a daily basis.
William M. Mihalko, MD, PhD
Thisworkisdedicatedtoallthosewhostrivetoadvancethefieldoforthopedicsurgerythroughhard
work, dedication, and quality patient care. To future orthopedic leaders who will motivate,
educate,andmentorthenextgenerationoforthopedicsurgeons.Tomygrandparentsandparents,who
instilled in me the values of continuous learning, constancy of purpose, and the joy of giving back
to the community in which we live. And finally, to my wife, Lena, and our children, Jasmine, Jamal,
and Jenine, thank you for illuminating my life.
Khaled J. Saleh, MD, MSc(Epid), FRCSC, FACS
brown-01.indd 7 6/10/2010 9:05:01 AM
This page intentionally left blank
brown-01.indd 8 6/10/2010 9:05:01 AM
Contents
Foreword ix PART II: Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii CHAPTER 7. Surgical Approaches for Primary
Acknowledgments xvii Total Knee Arthroplasty: Old and
New 81
PART I: Surgical Treatment of the Arthritic StephenR.Thompson (cid:31) VincentD.Pellegrini,Jr.
Knee: Alternatives to Total Knee CHAPTER 8. Soft Tissue Balancing during Total
Arthroplasty Knee Arthroplasty 90
WilliamM.Mihalko KyleJ.Messick
CHAPTER 1. Arthroscopic Debridement of the KennethA.Krackow(cid:31) LeoA.Whitesid(cid:31)e
(cid:31)
Arthritic Knee: Is There Still a
Role? 3 CHAPTER 9. Sizing and Balancing: Gap
Technique versus Measured
S. Raymond Golish David R. Diduch
(cid:31)
Resection 103
CHAPTER 2. Cartilage Repair and Michael N. Kang Giles R. Scuderi
(cid:31)
Replacement: From
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer CHAPTER 10. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Retaining Total Knee
to Allograft 9
Arthroplasty 114
Sam Akhavan Anthony Miniaci Matthew
(cid:31) (cid:31)
T. Provencher Christopher B. Dewing Kathleen A. Hogan Thomas S. Thornhill
(cid:31) (cid:31) (cid:31)
Allison G. McNickle Adam B. Yanke
(cid:31) (cid:31) CHAPTER 11. Posterior Stabilized Total Knee
Brian J. Cole
Arthroplasty 121
CHAPTER 3. Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Christopher W. Olcott
Genu Valgum 31
CHAPTER 12. Mobile-Bearing Total Knee
Matthew J. Phillips Leslie Murli Manohar
(cid:31) Arthroplasty 136
CHAPTER 4. Principles of Correction for Joseph T. Moskal Vincent J. Williams
(cid:31)
Monocompartmental Arthritis
CHAPTER 13. Intraoperative Complications
of the Knee 37
during Total Knee Arthroplasty:
Dror Paley
How to Get Out of Trouble 147
CHAPTER 5. Unicompartmental Knee C. Lowry Barnes Richard D. Scott
(cid:31)
Arthroplasty 62
CHAPTER 14. Minimally Invasive Total Knee
V. Karthik Jonna Alfred J. Tria, Jr.
(cid:31) Arthroplasty 155
CHAPTER 6. Patellofemoral Arthroplasty 69 Peter M. Bonutti Mike S. McGrath David
(cid:31) (cid:31)
Kevin J. Mulhall Diarmuid C. Molony R. Marker Ronald E. Delanois Slif D.
(cid:31) (cid:31) (cid:31)
Ulrich Michael A. Mont
(cid:31)
vii
brown-01.indd 9 6/10/2010 9:05:01 AM
viii CONTENTS
PART III: Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: CHAPTER 23. Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
The Basics Using Mobile-Bearing
Technology 238
CHAPTER 15. Evaluation of the Painful/Failed Jon E. Minter
Total Knee Arthroplasty 167
CHAPTER 24. Patella Revision/
Patrick Morgan Terence J. Gioe
(cid:31) Reconstruction 247
CHAPTER 16. Soft Tissue Issues: Exposure and Gregory K. Deirmengian Craig L. Israelite
(cid:31)
Coverage 174
William J. Long (cid:31) Fred D. Cushner PART IV: Total Knee Complications and
CHAPTER 17. Surgical Exposure in Total Knee Potential Solutions
Arthroplasty 185
CHAPTER 25. The Infected Primary Total Knee
Leo A. Whiteside
Arthroplasty 259
CHAPTER 18. Removal of Well-Fixed William M. Mihalko Abhijit
(cid:31)
Components during Revision Manaswi Thomas E. Brown Quanjun
(cid:31) (cid:31)
Total Knee Arthroplasty 194 Cui Khaled J. Saleh
(cid:31)
JasonOliviero WilliamM.Mihalko Quanjun
(cid:31) (cid:31) CHAPTER 26. Patellofemoral Maltracking:
Cui SeanM.Jones-Quaidoo LeoA.
(cid:31) (cid:31) Identification and Solutions 274
Whiteside JamesRand KhaledJ.Saleh
(cid:31) (cid:31)
Karen J. Boselli Gwo-Chin Lee Jonathan
(cid:31) (cid:31)
CHAPTER 19. Balancing the Revision Total Knee P. Garino
Arthroplasty: Restraint with
CHAPTER 27. Extensor Mechanism
Constraint 203
Rupture 288
Kelly G. Vince Martin Be´dard Edward
(cid:31) (cid:31) Carl A. Deirmengian Jess H. Lonner
Ebramzadeh (cid:31)
CHAPTER 20. Management of Bone Loss: CHAPTER 28. The Stiff Total Knee Arthroplasty:
Evaluation and Treatment 296
Structural Grafts in Revision Total
Gwo-Chin Lee Norman A. Johanson
Knee Arthroplasty 212 (cid:31)
Oleg Safir Allan E. Gross David Backstein CHAPTER 29. Periprosthetic Fractures about
(cid:31) (cid:31)
Total Knee Replacements: Repair
CHAPTER 21. Addressing Ligament Deficiency
or Revise 303
in Revision Total Knee
Mohammad A. Khadder Amir A.
Arthroplasty 221 (cid:31)
Jamali Paul E. Di Cesare Mark Lee
Peter F. Sharkey Omar Abdul-Hadi (cid:31) (cid:31)
(cid:31)
CHAPTER 30. Limb Salvage for Failed Total
CHAPTER 22. Adjunctive Fixation in Total Knee
Knee Arthroplasty: Arthrodesis
Arthroplasty Revision: Stems and
and Beyond 314
Sleeves 227
David A. McQueen Francis W. Cooke
Bryan D. Springer (cid:31)
Index 325
brown-01.indd 10 6/10/2010 9:05:02 AM
Foreword
As the editors indicate in the Preface, this series was devel- From my standpoint, this initiative certainly does fill a
oped in an effort to address the broad spectrum of orthope- nichethat,inspiteofthenumerouseffortsfromvariousper-
dic reconstructive practice involving joint pathology, with spectives, addresses an area of need in the orthopedic spec-
an emphasis on joint replacement arthroplasty. There have trum of knowledge. The specific attractive features include
been other somewhat similar efforts to provide the orthope- thestandardizedformatwithinagivenvolumethatiscarried
diccommunitywithacomprehensivecompendiumofortho- throughout each of the volumes. The fact that the chapters
pedic knowledge. The feature that sets this particular effort areorganizedtoallowaquickreviewofthecontentisreadily
apart is the fact that the authors have a focus, even though identifiedaskeepingwiththe“soundbytes”learningstyleof
the spectrum is quite broad. The clear goal is to provide the orthopedic surgeons of today. This is best recognized in
the surgeon with a comprehensive, up-to-date, detailed, the sections dealing with the pearls and pitfalls. Thus, these
user-friendly source of information that provides a basis for texts provide an interesting blend of abbreviated insights
improved patient care related to the management of the supportedbydetailandsubstance.Theorthopedist’spassion
arthritic joint. The approach and organization by individual and need for visual validation of our thinking and under-
anatomic site for each specific volume is not new, but this standing is captured in the video sections that are laced
series is unique. The tremendous burden to provide a stan- throughout this series. The figures are clear; the references
dardized format and a consistent quality of information and are comprehensive but not exhaustive. Thus, one easily
illustrations has been addressed and effectively realized in recognizes the effort to make this a user-friendly, compre-
thisseries. Iam impressedattheeditors’selection ofcontri- hensive, up-to-date, technique-oriented source of truth for
butors,whichincludesbothyoungertalentofourprofession the busy orthopedic surgeon.
as well as well-recognized and established individuals. This The aggressive goal and vision of the editors has been
offers a nice balance and blend of current and emerging very well realized in these volumes. It is highly likely that
orthopedic thought that is clearly conveyed through these someofthesevolumes,ifnottheentireseries,willbeconsid-
pages. eredamustforthebusyorthopedicsurgeondealingwiththe
Both the series and volume editors are well recognized arthritic joint.
fortheirinterestandcompetencyinjointreconstructivesur-
gery. Their energy and organizational skills are evident in B.F. MORREY, MD
this compendium.
ix
brown-01.indd 11 6/10/2010 9:05:02 AM
This page intentionally left blank
brown-01.indd 12 6/10/2010 9:05:02 AM