Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, …

720 Pages·2016·120.45 MB·English

by  Prosun Bhattacharya

The Congress “Arsenic in the Environment” offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion Editors Arsenic Research
platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the
Bhattacharya, Vahter,
environmental toxin arsenic, with considerable societal impact. The congress has focused on cutting edge
and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific Jarsjö, Kumpiene, Ahmad, and Global Sustainability
issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Congress “Arsenic in the Environment”
Sparrenbom, Jacks,
was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia, Spain, As2010 in Tainan,
Taiwan, As2012 in Cairns, Australia and As2014 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Donselaar, Bundschuh,
The 6th International Congress As2016 was held June 19-23, 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden and was As 2016
Naidu
entitled Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability.
The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research along the following themes:
Theme 1: Arsenic in Environmental Matrices and Interactions (Air, Water, Soil and Biological Matrices)
Theme 2: Arsenic in the Food Chain A aA
Theme 3: Arsenic and Health s n
Theme 4: Clean Water Technology for Control of Arsenic 2 r
ds Editors
Theme 5: Societal and Policy Implications, Mitigation and Management 0
e
1 Prosun Bhattacharya, Marie Vahter, Jerker Jarsjö,
Long term exposure to low-to-medium levels of arsenic via contaminated food and drinking water can 6 Gn
Jurate Kumpiene, Arslan Ahmad, Charlotte Sparrenbom, Gunnar Jacks,
have a serious impact on human health and globally, more than 100 million people are at risk. Since the i
l
end of the 20th century, arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as a global health oc Marinus Eric Donselaar, Jochen Bundschuh, Ravi Naidu
concern. In the past decade, the presence of arsenic in plant foods – especially rice – has gained increasing
bR
attention. In the Nordic countries in particular, the use of water-soluble inorganic arsenic chemicals
(e.g. chromated copper arsenate, CCA) as wood preservatives and the mining of sulfidic ores have been ae
flagged as health concern. The issue has been accentuated by discoveries of naturally occurring arsenic ls

in groundwater, primarily in the private wells, in parts of the Fennoscandian Shield and in sedimentary Se
formations, with potentially detrimental effects on public health. Sweden has been at the forefront of ua
research on the health effects of arsenic, technological solutions for arsenic removal, and sustainable r
mitigation measures for developing countries. Hosting this Congress in Sweden was also relevant because sc
historically Sweden has been one of the leading producer of As2O3 and its emission from the smelting tah
industries in northern Sweden and has successfully implemented actions to reduce the industrial emissions
i
of arsenic as well as minimizing the use of materials and products containing arsenic since 1977. The
n
Congress has gathered professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research in an
open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, industry, research laboratories, government a
agencies and the private sector to share an optimal atmosphere for exchange of knowledge, discoveries b
and discussions about the problem of arsenic in the environment and catalyze the knowledge generation i
and innovations at a policy context to achieve the goals for post 2015 Sustainable Development. l
i
t
y
ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT – PROCEEDINGS
ISSN 2154-6568
The book series “Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings” comprises the outcomes
of the international congress series Arsenic in the Environment, and other scientific
events constitute a regular update on the newest developments of global arsenic
research. This Proceedings series forms an ideal complementation to the books of the
series “Arsenic in the Environment”. Both together form an inter- and multidisciplinary
source of state-of-art information and an international platform for arsenic research,
making an effort to link the occurrence of geogenic arsenic in different environments
and media including ground- and surface water, soil and air, and its effect on human
ARSENIC IN THE
society.
ENVIRONMENT
PROCEEDINGS
SERIES EDITORS
Jochen Bundschuh & Prosun Bhattacharya ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS
an informa business
AS2016 cover FINAL.indd 1 10-05-16 14:31
ARSENIC RESEARCH AND GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY
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Arsenic in the Environment – Proceedings
Series Editors
Jochen Bundschuh
Deputy Vice-Chancellor’s Office (Research and Innovation) & Faculty of Health,
Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba,
Queensland, Australia
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable
Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Prosun Bhattacharya
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable
Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of
Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
International Center for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland,
Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
ISSN: 2154-6568
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT,
STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, 19–23 JUNE 2016
Arsenic Research and Global
Sustainability
As 2016
Editors
Prosun Bhattacharya
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental
Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
International Center for Applied Climate Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
Marie Vahter
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Jerker Jarsjö
Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Jurate Kumpiene
Waste Science & Technology, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University
of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
Arslan Ahmad
KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
Charlotte Sparrenbom
Department Geology, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Gunnar Jacks
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental
Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Marinus Eric Donselaar
Department of Geoscience and Engineering, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Jochen Bundschuh
Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental
Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Ravi Naidu
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science & Information Technology, The University
of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of
Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Cover photo
The cover photo is from the oxidized tailings deposit at Adak mine in Västerbotten county in Northern
Sweden. During the period 1940 to 1977 6.3 M tons of ore were mined containing 2 % copper, 0.6 g/ton
gold and 6 g/ton silver. The main sulphides were pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. While
a common practice has been to deposit tailings in lakes and keep them under water, the tailings at Adak
mine has been deposited on land allowing the oxidation and formation of acid mine drainage. The drain-
age water seen in the cover photo had a pH of 2–3. Arsenic is a major pollutant in connection to the tail-
ings and is recorded at high levels in downstream surface water. Up to 2900 g/L As has been recorded in
water and 900 mg/kg in soil. As(III) makes up the larger portion of the total arsenic content in water. A
specific arsenic reducing actinomycete has been found in the mine tailings area. Plants show elevated trace
element concentrations. Salix species have up to 700 mg/kg of zinc and the silica rich Equisetum species
have up to 200 mg/kg of arsenic. Ferric precipitates constitute the most efficient trap for arsenic when the
pH gradually increases downstreams.
© Prosun Bhattacharya, 2001
CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK
Typeset by V Publishing Solutions Pvt Ltd., Chennai, India
Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publisher.
Although all care is taken to ensure integrity and the quality of this publication and the information
herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to the property or
persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein.
Published by: CRC Press/Balkema
P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands
e-mail: [email protected]
www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.com
ISBN: 978-1-138-02941-5 (Hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-62943-8 (eBook PDF)
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Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability – Bhattacharya, Vahter, Jarsjö, Kumpiene,
Ahmad, Sparrenbom, Jacks, Donselaar, Bundschuh & Naidu (Eds)
© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-1-138-02941-5
Table of contents
About the book series xxiii
Dedication xxv
Organizers xxvii
Sponsors and contributors xxix
Scientific committee xxxi
Foreword (President, KTH) xxxv
Foreword (Vice-Chancellor and President, USQ) xxxvii
Foreword (Institute of Environmental Medicine, KI) xxxix
Foreword (Vice Chancellor, LTU) xli
Foreword (Director, KWR Watercycle Research Institute) xliii
Editors’ foreword xlv
List of contributors xlvii
Plenary presentations
On the spatial variation of arsenic in groundwater of the Red River
floodplain, Vietnam 3
D. Postma, F. Larsen, R. Jakobsen, H.U. Sø, J. Kazmierczak, P.T.K. Trang, V.M. Lan,
P.H. Viet, H.V. Hoan, D.T. Trung & P.Q. Nhan
Arsenic biotransformation: From genes to biogeochemical cycling 5
Y.-G. Zhu, J. Ye & X.-M. Xue
Arsenic and rice: The problems and the potential solutions 7
A.A. Meharg
Tolerance and susceptibility to arsenic—the role of genetics 9
K. Broberg
Arsenic and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 12
R.B. Johnston
Arsenic and cardiovascular disease: 100 years advancing epidemiologic research 15
A. Navas-Acien
Section 1: Arsenic in environmental matrices and interactions
(air, water, soil and biological matrices)
1.1 Origin, distribution of arsenic in groundwater systems
Regional to sub-continental prediction modeling of groundwater arsenic contamination 21
M. Berg, L.H.E. Winkel, M. Amini, L. Rodriguez-Lado, S.J. Hug, J. Podgorski, A. Bretzler,
C. de Meyer, P.T.K. Trang, V.M. Lan, P.H. Viet, G. Sun, Q. Zhang & Q. Zheng
v
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Geochemical processes for mobilization of arsenic in groundwater 23
I. Herath, J. Bundschuh, M. Vithanage & P. Bhattacharya
Sewage disposal, petroleum spills, eutrophic lakes, and wastewater from oil and gas
production: Potential drivers of arsenic mobilization in the sub-surface 25
D.B. Kent, M.S. Blondes, I.M. Cozzarelli, N. Geboy, D.R. LeBlanc, G-H. Ng,
D. Repert & R.L. Smith
On the geological conditioning of arsenic pollution in shallow aquifers 27
M.E. Donselaar
Natural arsenic and its distribution in global geothermal systems 29
J. Bundschuh, I. Herath & M. Vithanage
Arsenic in bedrock groundwater in Tampere region, South Finland 31
B. Backman & S. Luoma
National assessment of arsenic within groundwater: A case study with Ireland 33
L. Morrison, E. McGrory & C. Brown
High arsenic levels in groundwater resources of Gediz Graben, Western Turkey 35
A. Baba, O. Gündüz, C. Şimşek, A. Elçi, A. Murathan & H. Sozbilir
Tracing the relative distribution of arsenic species in groundwater and its association
with soil arsenic levels in the Simav Graben area, Turkey 37
O. Gündüz, A. Baba, C. Şimşek, Alper Elçi & H. Gürleyük
Arsenic exposure in drinking water a growing health threat: Well testing in outskirts
of Lahore to identify wells low in arsenic to mitigate the As crisis in Pakistan 39
A. Farooqi, W. Ali, N. Mushtaq, S. Zahir, A. Younus & A. van Geen
Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Ghazni and Maidan
Wardak provinces, Afghanistan 41
M.H. Saffi & M.N. Eqrar
Tracking the fate of arsenic in groundwater discharged to the Meghna River 43
P.S.K. Knappett, K. Myers, P. Shuai, K. Rhodes, K. Jewell, J. Peterson, N. Dimova,
S. Datta, M. Berube, A. Hossain, M. Lipsi, S. Hossain, A. Hosain, K.M. Ahmed & M.B. Cardenas
Hydrogeochemical contrasts across the multi-level aquifers of Bengal
basin in Matlab, Bangladesh: Implications for arsenic free and low-manganese
drinking water sources 45
P. Bhattacharya, M. Hossain, G. Jacks, K. Matin Ahmed, M.A. Hasan,
M. von Brömssen & S.K. Frape
Arsenic in the Bengal Delta Plain: Geochemical complications and potential mitigation option 47
D. Chatterjee, A.K. Kundu, S. Barman, U. Biswas, S. Majumder,
D. Chatterjee & P. Bhattacharya
Monsoonal influence on arsenic mobilization in groundwater: Geochemical and
hydrogeological perspectives 50
S. Majumder, S. Datta, B. Nath, H. Neidhardt, Z. Berner, M. Hidalgo & D. Chatterjee
Variation of arsenic in shallow aquifers of the Bengal Basin: Controlling geochemical
processes 52
A.K. Kundu, A. Biswas, S. Bhowmick, D. Chatterjee, A. Mukherjee, H. Neidhardt,
Z. Berner & P. Bhattacharya
Low arsenic zones in shallow aquifer system of contaminated areas of middle Ganga Plain, India 54
D. Saha
Sporadic occurrence of groundwater arsenic: Is it still a mystery? 56
S. Sahu & D. Saha
Arsenic contaminated groundwater of the Varanasi environs in the middle Ganga Plain,
India: Source and distribution 58
N.J. Raju & S. Singh
vi
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Arsenic in groundwater and its potential health risk in a fast growing urban agglomeration
of Chota Nagpur Plateau, India 60
T. Bhattacharya & P. Tirkey
Solute chemistry and groundwater arsenic enrichment in southern part of Brahmaputra
River basin, India, adjacent to Indo-Burmese ranges 62
S. Verma, A. Mukherjee, C. Mahanta, R. Choudhury & P. Bhattacharya
Co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in the Brahmaputra floodplains, Assam, India 64
M. Kumar, N. Das, A. Das & K.P. Sarma
Morphological and mineralogical evidences of arsenic release and mobilization in some
large floodplain aquifers 66
C. Mahanta, S.S. Sathe & A. Mahagaonkar
Sedimentary controls on arsenic mobilization in groundwater of aquifers in the Brahmaputra
River Valley in Assam 68
R. Choudhury, C. Mahanta & S.S. Sathe
Groundwater arsenic and extent of contamination along the Mekong River, Vietnam 70
T. Ito, H. Sato & N. Shibasaki
Recent flow regime and sedimentological evolution of a fluvial system as the main
factors controlling spatial distribution of arsenic in groundwater (Red River, Vietnam) 72
J. Kazmierczak, F. Larsen, R. Jakobsen, D. Postma, H.U. Sø, H.V. Hoan, D.T. Trung,
P.Q. Nhan, A.E. Hass, A.H. Hoffmann, P.T.K. Trang, V.M. Lan & P.H. Viet
Age and provenance of groundwater in a shallow arsenic-affected aquifer in the lower
Mekong Basin, Kandal Province, Cambodia 74
L.A. Richards, J. Sültenfuß, D. Magnone, A. Boyce, C. Sovann, M.J. Casanueva-Marenco,
C.J. Ballentine, B.E. van Dongen & D.A. Polya
Selective chemical extractions of Cambodian aquifer sediments—evidence for sorption
processes controlling groundwater arsenic 76
M.J. Casanueva-Marenco, D. Magnone, L.A. Richards & D.A. Polya
Relationship between high arsenic groundwater and surface water distribution
in the Hetao basin, China 78
H. Guo, Y. Cao, S. Li, D. Zhang, Y. Jia & Y. Jiang
Relation between sediment salinity and leached arsenic in the Hetao Basin,
Inner Mongolia 80
R. Yuan, H. Guo & Y. Jia
Enrichment of high arsenic groundwater and controlling hydrogeochemical processes
in the Hetao basin 82
W. Cao, Y. Zhang & Q. Dong
Investigation of arsenic contamination from geothermal water in different geological
settings of Taiwan: Hydrogeochemical and microbial signatures 84
J.P. Maity, C.-Y. Chen, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya
Arsenic occurrence in groundwater sources of Lake Victoria basin in Tanzania 86
J. Ijumulana, F. Mtalo, P. Bhattacharya & J. Bundschuh
Occurrence of arsenic in groundwater, soil and sediments in Tanzania 88
F.J. Ligate, J. Ijumulana, F. Mtalo, P. Bhattacharya & J. Bundschuh
Sedimentological controls in distribution of arsenic in the Claromecó basin, Argentina 90
N.N. Sosa, M. Zarate & S. Datta
Arsenic in groundwater and sediments in a loessic aquifer, Argentina 92
L. Sierra, L. Cacciabue, S. Dietrich, P.A. Weinzettel & S.A. Bea
Distinguishing potential sources for As in groundwater in Pozuelos Basin, Puna
region Argentina 94
J. Murray, D.K. Nordstrom, B. Dold & A.M. Kirschbaum
vii
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1.2 Biogeochemical processes
Microbial controls on arsenic release and mitigation in aquifer sediments 99
J.R. Lloyd
Mechanism of arsenic release in sulfate rich sediment during microbial
sulfate reduction 101
T.H.V. Phan, D. Tisserand, F. Bardelli, L. Charlet, M. Frutschi & R. Bernier-Latmani
The phosphate transporters impart different affinity to arsenate 103
X.-M. Xue, Y. Yan, Y.Q. Guo, J. Ye & Y.-G. Zhu
Isolation of bacterial strains tolerant to arsenic groundwater 105
E.E. Pellizzari, L.G. Marinich, S.A. Flores Cabrera, F.E. Cabrera & M.C. Giménez
Arsenic biotransformation by a filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 107
Y. Yan, J. Ye, X.-M. Xue & Y.-G. Zhu
Study on the arsenic accumulation and speciation of arbuscular mycorrhizal
symbiont under arsenic contamination 109
X. Zhang, B.D. Chen & B.H. Ren
Detection and quantification of As(III)-oxidizing microbes in soils highly polluted
by breaking-down of old chemical ammunition during inter-war 111
H. Thouin, L. Le Forestier, P. Gautret, S. Dupraz, D. Hube & F. Battaglia-Brunet
Diversity of arsenic resistant bacteria from Lonar lake: A meteorite impact alkaline
crater lake in India 113
A.V. Bagade, D. Paul, T. Rikame, A.P. Giri, D. Dhotre, S. Pawar & K. Kodam
Evidence of microbiological control of arsenic release and mobilization in aquifers
of Brahmaputra flood plain 115
S.S. Sathe, C. Mahanta & A. Mahagaonkar
Metagenomic insights into microbial community structure in arsenic-rich shallow
and deep groundwater 117
J.-S. Jean & S. Das
Oxidation of arsenite by using aerobic bacterial granules: A comparison with single
bacterial culture 119
S. Tapase, S. Patki & K. Kodam
Microbial diversity of arsenic-related bacteria in high arsenic groundwater
of Inner Mongolia, China 121
Y. Wang & P. Li
Arsenic biogeochemistry in hot springs in Tengchong geothermal area, China 123
Z. Jiang, P. Li & Y. Wang
Characterization of lipid biomarkers and trace elements in Holocene arsenic
contaminated aquifers of the Bengal Delta Plains, India 125
D. Ghosh, J. Routh & P. Bhadury
Mobility of arsenic in two black shale areas in Sweden 127
G. Jacks, B. Nilsson & A. Frank
Development of a passive bioremediation process based on sulfate-reduction
to treat arsenic-containing acidic mine water 129
F. Battaglia-Brunet, C. Joulian & C. Casiot
Pollution, degradation and microbial response of roxarsone in vadose zone 131
Y. Liu, Y. Li & Z. Zhang
1.3 Geochemical modelling of arsenic and water-solid phase interactions
Geochemical modeling and thermodynamic properties of arsenic species 135
D.K. Nordstrom, X. Zhu, R.B. McCleskey, L.C. Königsberger & E. Königsberger
viii
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Solubility product constants for the calcium ferric arsenate mineral, Yukonite: Fitting
possible formulas with PhreePlot 137
J.J. Mahoney, M.T. Bohan & G.P. Demopoulos
Revised best-fit parameters for arsenate adsorption to ferrihydrite 139
J.P. Gustafsson & C. Sjöstedt
Co-adsorption of arsenate and copper on amorphous Al(OH) and kaolinite 141
3
M. Gräfe, D.A. Beattie & J.-F. Lee
Contrasting arsenic mobility in topsoil and subsoil: Influence of Fe- and
Mn- oxyhydroxide minerals 143
L. Charlet, E. Markelova & R.M. Couture
Phosphate effects on arsenate binding to soil hydroxides 145
C. Tiberg, C. Sjöstedt, A.K. Eriksson & J.P. Gustafsson
Effect of organic matter and colloid particle size on arsenic and antimony stability in soils 147
B. Dousova, M. Lhotka, E. Duchkova, V. Machovic, F. Buzek & B. Cejkova
Temporal effects on kinetics of arsenic sorption on composite zeolite: nZVI 149
D. Muñoz-Lira, P. Sepúlveda, J. Suazo, N. Arancibia-Miranda, M.A. Rubio & A. Galdámez
Adsorption of arsenic in aquifers of the Red River floodplain controlled by Fe-oxides 151
H.U. Sø, D. Postma & R. Jakobsen
Geochemical reactive transport modeling in “4D” of groundwater arsenic distribution
in a non-static developing fluvial sediment aquifer system—feasibility study based on the
upper part of the Red River, Vietnam 153
R. Jakobsen, D. Postma, J. Kazmierczak, H.U. Sø, F. Larsen, P.T.K. Trang, V.M. Lan,
P.H. Viet, H.V. Hoan, D.T. Trung & P.Q. Nhan
Reactive transport model for predicting arsenic transport in groundwater system
in Datong Basin 155
Q. Yu & H.P. Ye
Arsenic leaching potential from excavated rock: Sequential Leaching Test (SLT) and Rapid
Small-Scale Column Test (RSSCT)—a case study 157
J.N. Li, T. Kosugi, S. Riya, A. Terada & M. Hosomi
1.4 Mobility of arsenic in contaminated soils and sediments, climate change impacts
Arsenic concentrations in floodplain soils 163
V. Cappuyns
Solubility and transport processes of As(V) in sandy soils from historically contaminated sites
at different rainfall intensities 165
Å. Löv, I. Persson, M. Larsbo, J.P. Gustafsson, G. Cornelis, C. Sjöstedt & D.B. Kleja
Study of arsenic availability in Pampean loess sediments using a sequential extraction procedure 167
L. Cacciabue, S. Dietrich, L. Sierra, S.A. Bea, P.A. Weinzettel & M.G. García
Arsenic in Brazilian tropical coastal zone 169
N. Mirlean & P. Baisch
Arsenic pollution in soils from the mining district of Linares, Spain 171
J. Rey, M.C. Hidalgo, U. Cortada & J. Martínez
Geomorphic regulation of arsenic in soils of Bangladesh 173
M.T.A. Chowdhury, C. Deacon, P.N. Williams, A.A. Meharg, A.H. Price & G.J. Norton
Enrichment of arsenic and trace metals in the surface sediments of the Indus River, Pakistan 175
J.A. Khattak, A. Farooqi, S. Bano & A. Raza
Seasonal impact on arsenic and trace elements dispersal in agricultural soil of Gangetic
Delta region of India 177
A. Barla, A. Majumdar, A. Shrivastava, S. Singh & S. Bose
ix
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