Arsenic Pollution Control in Nonferrous Metallurgy

224 Pages·2019·13.94 MB·English

by  Li-Yuan Chai

Li-Yuan Chai    Editor
Arsenic
Pollution
Control in
Nonferrous
Metallurgy
Arsenic Pollution Control in Nonferrous Metallurgy
Li-Yuan Chai
Editor
Arsenic Pollution Control
in Nonferrous Metallurgy
123
Editor
Li-Yuan Chai
Schoolof Metallurgy andEnvironment
Central SouthUniversity
Changsha,Hunan,China
ChineseNational EngineeringResearch
Centerfor Control andTreatment of Heavy
Metal Pollution(CNERC-CTHMP)
Changsha,Hunan,China
ISBN978-981-13-6720-5 ISBN978-981-13-6721-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6721-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2019931868
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Preface
Arsenic is an abundant element in the Earth’s crust and occurs in more than 300
minerals, generally in combination with sulfur and metals with the formula MAsS
and MAs (M=Fe, Ni, Co) to form arsenopyrite. Geogenic and anthropogenic
2
activities can liberate arsenical compounds that range in toxicity, mobility, and
bioavailabilityfromarsenic-bearingminerals totheenvironment.Arsenicishighly
toxic and adversely affects human health. It has been identified as the number one
environmental chemical of concern according to the World Health Organization.
Arsenic-containing minerals that occur in base metal ores and/or concentrates
entermetallurgicalprocessingcircuitsaccordingly.Arsenicisfoundinthefluegas,
dust,slag,residue,andsludgedischargedfromthecopper,gold,andleadsmelting
process.Duetohumanactivities,mainlythroughminingandsmelting,arseniccan
nowbefoundinmanymoreplacesthanwheretheyneverexistedbefore.Therefore,
arsenicpollutionhasbecomeaworldwideenvironmentalchallengeespeciallyinthe
metal industry. Hence, arsenic in the process streams must be treated and/or
immobilized properly prior to the discard of waste.
Thisbookhelpsreaderstogainanunderstandingofthefollowingaspectsofthe
scienceandtechnologyofarsenicpollutioncontrol,especiallyforthemetallurgical
industry. It is composed offive chapters that concern the principles and technolo-
gies of arsenic pollution control.
Chapter 1 describes a basic overview of the mineralogy, distribution, pollution
source, and characteristics of arsenic pollution.
Chapter 2 provides the behavior, pollution source distribution, and environ-
mental influence of arsenic in typical lead smelters.
Chapter 3 deals with arsenic behaviors and pollution control technologies in
aqueoussolution.Redoxbehaviorandchemicalspeciesofarsenicinacidicaqueous
system, photochemical oxidation of trivalent arsenic, and the molecular reaction
mechanism, formation mechanism, and characteristics of tooeleite are stated.
Cascadesulfideprecipitationandseparationofcopperandarsenicfromhigh-arsenic
acid wastewater are well detailed. Finally, the chapter introduces a new process to
remove arsenic efficiently by Fe O hierarchical particles via adsorption in aqueous
3 4
solution.
v
vi Preface
Chapter 4 gives a state of arsenic behaviors and pollution control technologies
for solid waste. This chapter particularly expatiates on the stabilization, solidifi-
cation, and vitrification technologies; most of the technologies have been com-
mercialized by at least one nonferrous metal smelter.
Chapter 5 mainly presents theprocesses ofrecovery of valuableresources from
arsenic-bearinganodeslimefromleadsmelting,separationofcopperandarsenicin
arsenic-bearing materials; the results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed
technologies, which are the fundamental of the clean utilization of arsenic-bearing
materials.
Thisbookcontainsthepotentialresearchandtheindustrialapplication.Itprovides
an overview to researchers, graduate, and undergraduate students, as well as aca-
demicians who get interestedinarsenic control inmetallurgical industry. Thisbook
could be attractive to scientists working in the field of arsenic pollution control.
The book is written based on our working experience in the field of arsenic
pollutioncontrolformorethan15years. Inaddition,muchofthisbookwouldnot
have been possible without many graduate students (Jin-Qin Yang, Meng-Qing
Yue, Guo-Min Jiang, Ting Wang, Ting-Ting Song, Suo Dai, Jie Lei, Mi Wang,
Zong-Wen Zhao, Jing-Jing Ma, Yuan-Cheng Li, De-Gang Liu, Chen Shen, et al.)
who contributed technically and colleagues with whom we have collaborated over
the years. I would like to thank all the contributors who participate in the above-
mentioned chapters.
These researches were supported by National Key R&D Program of China
(2017YFC0210400, 2018YFC1900301, and 2018YFC1903301), Special Program
on Environmental Protection for Public Welfare (201509050), Key project of
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51634010), and Natural Science
Foundation of China (51304251, 51474247, 51774338, and 51704337).
Changsha, China Li-Yuan Chai
Contents
1 Arsenic Distribution and Pollution Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Yun-Yan Wang, Li-Yuan Chai and Wei-Chun Yang
2 Pollution Source Distribution of Arsenic in the Typical Smelter. . . . 17
Mei-Qing Shi, Li-Yuan Chai and Yan-Jie Liang
3 ArsenicBehaviorsandPollutionControlTechnologiesinAqueous
Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Li-Yuan Chai, Qing-Zhu Li, Qing-Wei Wang, Yun-Yan Wang,
Wei-Chun Yang and Hai-Ying Wang
4 Arsenic Pollution Control Technologies for Arsenic-Bearing
Solid Wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Xiao-Bo Min, Li-Yuan Chai, Yan-Jie Liang and Yong Ke
5 Separation and Recovery of Valuable Metals from
Arsenic-Bearing Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Li-Yuan Chai, Xiao-Bo Min, Wei-Chun Yang, Yong-Ming Chen,
Yong Ke and Wei-Zhi Zeng
vii
Contributors
Li-Yuan Chai School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan, China;
ChineseNationalEngineeringResearchCenterforControlandTreatmentofHeavy
Metal Pollution (CNERC-CTHMP), Changsha, Hunan, China
Yong-Ming Chen School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South
University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Yong Ke School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan, China
Qing-Zhu Li School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan, China
Yan-JieLiang SchoolofMetallurgy andEnvironment,CentralSouth University,
Changsha, Hunan, China
Xiao-Bo Min School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan, China
Mei-Qing Shi Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and
Treatmentof Heavy MetalPollution (CNERC-CTHMP),Changsha, Hunan, China
Hai-Ying Wang School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South
University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Qing-Wei Wang School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South
University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Yun-Yan Wang School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South
University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ix
x Contributors
Wei-Chun Yang School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South
University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Wei-Zhi Zeng School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan, China
Chapter 1
Arsenic Distribution and Pollution
Characteristics
Yun-Yan Wang, Li-Yuan Chai and Wei-Chun Yang
Arsenic is a chemical element symboled “As”, and ranked 33rd on the periodic
table. It is abundant in the Earth’s crust and has been found in more than 300
minerals in nature. Arsenic present in the minerals is usually mobilized through
geogenic and anthropogenic activities.
Arsenic is viewed as being synonymous with toxicity and listed as the most
hazardous substance according to the USEPA agency for toxic substance and
disease registry. Chronic exposure to arsenic causes adverse health effects such as
skinlesions,hyperkeratosis,andcancer.Anthropogenicsourcesofarsenicpollution
originate in several industries, such as refining or smelting of metal ores, micro-
electronics, wood preservation, and battery manufacturing. At present, arsenic
contamination is a growing global concern. As one of the most prevalent toxic
elements in the environment, the toxicity, mobility, and fate of arsenic in the
environment are determined by a series of complicated processes including min-
eralogy, chemical speciation, and biological processes [1].
Y.-Y.Wang(&)(cid:1)L.-Y.Chai(cid:1)W.-C.Yang
SchoolofMetallurgyandEnvironment,CentralSouthUniversity,
Changsha,Hunan,China
e-mail:[email protected]
L.-Y.Chai
e-mail:[email protected]
W.-C.Yang
e-mail:[email protected]
L.-Y.Chai
ChineseNationalEngineeringResearchCenterforControlandTreatment
ofHeavyMetalPollution(CNERC-CTHMP),Changsha,Hunan,China
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019 1
L.-Y.Chai(ed.),ArsenicPollutionControlinNonferrousMetallurgy,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6721-2_1