Table Of ContentARSENIC IN GEOSPHERE AND HUMAN DISEASES
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Arsenic in the Environment – Proceedings
Series Editors
Jochen Bundschuh
Institute of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences,
Karlsruhe, Germany
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Prosun Bhattacharya
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Land
and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
Stockholm, Sweden
ISSN: Applied for
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3RD INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS: ARSENIC IN THE ENVIRONMENT, NATIONAL CHENG KUNG
UNIVERSITY (NCKU), TAINAN, TAIWAN, 17–21 MAY 2010
Arsenic in Geosphere and Human
Diseases
As 2010
Editors
Jiin-Shuh Jean
Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University,
Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Jochen Bundschuh
Institute of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences,
Karlsruhe, Germany
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Prosun Bhattacharya
KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Land
and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH),
Stockholm, Sweden
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Cover photo
The cover photo shows Chukou area in southwestern Taiwan, with the arsenic-enriched Chukou black
shale outcrops in the upstream part of Pachang river. These arsenic-enriched black shales are eroded and
transported by the river to the coastal plain where they are deposited as sediments forming the Chianan
plain aquifer system. Arsenic is mobilized from the aquifer sediments into the groundwater and contrib-
utes to the high concentrations of dissolved arsenic, which is a major factor that has caused the endemic
blackfoot disease in southwestern Taiwan during the 1950s. The region is supplied with piped arsenic-safe
surface water since the 1970s that reduced the the prevalence of the blackfoot disease in the region.
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ISBN: 978-0-415-57898-1 (Hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-84531-8 (eBook)
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Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases – Jean, Bundschuh & Bhattacharya (eds)
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-57898-1
About the book series
Although arsenic has been known as a ‘silent toxin’ since ancient times, and the contamination of drinking
water resources by geogenic arsenic was described in different locations around the world long ago—
e.g. in Argentina in 1917—it was only two decades ago that it received overwhelming worldwide public
attention. As a consequence of the biggest arsenic calamity in the world, which was detected more than
twenty years back in West Bengal, India and other parts of Southeast Asia, there has been an exponential
rise in scientific interest that has triggered high quality research. Since then, arsenic contamination
(predominantly of geogenic origin) of drinking water resources, soils, plants and air, the propagation of
arsenic in the food chain, the chronic affects of arsenic ingestion by humans, and their toxicological and
related public health consequences, have been described in many parts of the world, and every year, even
more new countries or regions are discovered to have arsenic problems.
Arsenic is found as a drinking water contaminant, in many regions all around the world, in both devel-
oping as well as industrialized countries. However, addressing the problem requires different approaches
which take into account, the differential economic and social conditions in both country groups. It has
been estimated that 200 million people worldwide are at risk from drinking water containing high concen-
trations of As, a number which is expected to further increase due to the recent lowering of the limits of
arsenic concentration in drinking water to 10 μg/L, which has already been adopted by many countries,
and some authorities are even considering decreasing this value further.
The book series Arsenic in the Environment – Proceedings provides together with the book series Arsenic
in the Environment an inter- and multidisciplinary source of information, making an effort to link the
occurrence of geogenic arsenic in different environments and the potential contamination of ground- and
surface water, soil and air and their effect on the human society. The series fulfills the growing interest
in the worldwide arsenic issue, which is being accompanied by stronger regulations on the permissible
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) of arsenic in drinking water and food, which are being adopted
not only by the industrialized countries, but increasingly by developing countries.
Consequently, we see the book series Arsenic in the Environment – Proceedings with the outcomes of the
international congress series Arsenic in the Environment, which we organize biannually in different parts
of the world, as a regular update on the latest developments of arsenic research. It is further a platform
to present the results from other international or regional congresses or other scientific events. This Pro-
ceedings series acts as an ideal complement to the books of the series Arsenic in the Environment, which
includes authored or edited books from world-leading scientists on their specific field of arsenic research,
giving a comprehensive information base. Supported by a strong multi-disciplinary editorial board, book
proposals and manuscripts are peer reviewed and evaluated. Both of the two series will be open for any
person, scientific association, society or scientific network, for the submission of new book projects.
We have an ambition to establish an international, multi- and interdisciplinary source of knowledge
and a platform for arsenic research oriented to the direct solution of problems with considerable social
impact and relevance rather than simply focusing on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical,
chemical, toxicological and medical sciences. It shall form a consolidated source of information on the
worldwide occurrences of arsenic, which otherwise is dispersed and often hard to access. It will also have
a role in increasing the awareness and knowledge of the arsenic problem among administrators, policy
makers and company executives and improving international and bilateral cooperation on arsenic con-
tamination and its effects.
Both of the book series cover all fields of research concerning arsenic in the environment and aims to
present an integrated approach from its occurrence in rocks and mobilization into the ground- and sur-
face water, soil and air, its transport therein, and the pathways of arsenic introduction into the food chain
including uptake by humans. Human arsenic exposure, arsenic bioavailability, metabolism and toxicology
are treated together with related public health effects and risk assessments in order to better manage the
contaminated land and aquatic environments and to reduce human arsenic exposure. Arsenic removal
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technologies and other methodologies to mitigate the arsenic problem are addressed not only from the
technological perspective, but also from an economic and social point of view. Only such inter- and multi-
disciplinary approaches will allow a case-specific selection of optimal mitigation measures for each spe-
cific arsenic problem and provide the local population with arsenic-safe drinking water, food, and air.
Jochen Bundschuh
Prosun Bhattacharya
(Series Editors)
vi
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Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases – Jean, Bundschuh & Bhattacharya (eds)
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-57898-1
Dedication
We dedicate this proceedings book to the people from southwestern Taiwan, who have suffered from the
endemic Blackfoot Disease for several decades before the problem of arsenic in drinking water was solved.
We also dedicate it to the residents in the arsenic-affected region in Taiwan, who supported our scientific inves-
tigations related to arsenic by permitting us to collect samples of groundwater, sediments, soils, fish, etc.
We hope that their suffering has risen the awareness of the responsible authorities and the scientific community
elsewhere in the world where over 200 million people still suffer from the arsenic problem.
We also dedicate it to Dr. Kim-Ho Wang for setting up the Taiwan Blackfoot Disease Museum in Tainan in
2008. This museum has contributed to an improved understanding of the history and treatment of Blackfoot
Disease in Taiwan.
vii
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Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases – Jean, Bundschuh & Bhattacharya (eds)
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-57898-1
Table of contents
About the book series v
Dedication vii
Foreword (President, KTH) xxv
Foreword (President, HsKA) xxvii
Foreword (President, NCKU) xxix
Organizers xxxi
Scientific committee xxxiii
Editors’ foreword xxxv
List of contributors xxxvii
Section I: Geology, hydrology, and hydrogeology of arsenic
I.1 Geogenic and anthropogenic sources of arsenic
Occurrences of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater – A global overview 3
A.B. Mukherjee, P. Bhattacharya, G. Jacks & J. Bundschuh
Sedimentological, climatic, and tectonic, controls on arsenic pollution of groundwater 6
J.M. McArthur
Geogenic and anthropogenic sources of arsenic in North Portugal 8
M. Inácio, L. Pinto, V. Pereira & E. Ferreira da Silva
Arsenic in bedrock aquifers in the greater Augusta area, Maine, USA 11
Q. Yang, H.-B. Jung, C. Culbertson, M. Nielson, C. Schalk, C. Johnson,
R. Marvinney, M. Loiselle, D. Locke, H. Cheek, H. Thibodeau, B. O’Shea,
M. Stute & Y. Zheng
Arsenic contaminated groundwater from parts of Middle Ganga Plain,
Uttar Pradesh, India 14
B.A. Shah
Groundwater arsenic contamination in Ganga basin of Bihar, India 16
D.S. Mishra
High arsenic levels in water resources resulting from alteration zones: A case study
from Biga Peninsula, Turkey 18
A. Baba
Groundwater arsenic in the Holocene Brahmaputra floodplains of Assam, Northeastern
India: Distribution and trends of hydrogeochemical variations 21
C. Mahanta, P. Bhattacharya, R. Thunvik, G. Jacks, O. Sracek, R.T. Nickson,
G. Enmark, D. Norborg & R. Herbert
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Hydrogeochemistry of the alluvial aquifers of the central Gangetic Plain in India:
Constraints on source and mobility of arsenic 23
AL. Ramanathan, P. Tripathi, R. Ranjan, Manish Kumar, P. Bhattacharya, K. Elfverson,
R. Thunvik, G. Jacks, O. Sracek, J. Bundschuh & M. Tsujimura
Distribution characteristics of high-fluoride and high-arsenic groundwater
and countermeasures in Huzhou area of Zhejiang Province 26
Y. Jiang, X. Zhou, J. Jia, Q. Zhou, Yunfeng Li & Yun Li
Arsenic contamination in the sediments of the Daliao river system in China 28
C. Lin, M.C. He & S.L. Wang
Arsenic enrichment and sources in surface water and soil in Yarlung Tsangpo
and Singe Tsangpo drainages in Tibet 31
S.H. Li, M.G. Wang, B.S. Zheng, Q. Yang & Y. Zheng
Analysis of spatial variability of arsenic concentration in spring waters in Central
Iberian Zone (Province of Ávila, Spain) using principal component analysis
and geostatistical tools 33
E. Giménez-Forcada, C. Guardiola-Albert & I. Iribarren-Campaña
Arsenic contamination in groundwater of An Giang and Dong Thap provinces
in Vietnam 36
S. Bang, T.H. Hoang, K.-W. Kim & M.H. Nguyen
Temporal variation of groundwater arsenic in shallow groundwater
from the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia 38
H. Guo, B. Zhang, X. Tang, Yuan Li, Suzhen Yang & D. Chen
Geothermal arsenic 41
D.K. Nordstrom
Arsenic contamination in groundwater of Bangladesh 44
H.M. Anawar, J. Akai & M. Mihaljevič
Arsenic in groundwater in northern Sweden 46
M. Svensson, M. von Brömssen, P. Bhattacharya & G. Jacks
Groundwater contamination by arsenic in Datong Basin, China 48
A. Ding, L. Cheng, S. Yang, H. Zhang, D. Li, J. Zhou & J. Wang
Arsenic distributions in rivers around the world largest antimony
mine of Xikuangshan in Hunan province of China 50
Xiangqin Wang, M.C. He, X. Lu & J. Xi
Distribution of arsenic in sediment from San Juan River basin in Nuevo Leon, Mexico 52
L. Sandoval & J.M. Alfaro
I.2 Total arsenic and arsenic speciation
The role of common metal contaminants on arsenic speciation in soils
and on common soil minerals 55
M. Gräfe, E. Smith, D.A. Beattie & D.L. Sparks
Redox zoning in arsenic-rich groundwater, West Bengal, India 59
A. Biswas, D. Chatterjee, S. Majumder, Z. Berner & H. Neidhardt
Arsenic mobilization in shallow alluvial aquifers of Chapai-Nawabganj District,
Northwestern Bangladesh 61
A.H.M.S. Reza, J.-S. Jean, H.-J. Yang, C.-C. Liu, S.-D. Luo, M.-K. Lee & J.-F. Lee
Arsenic species in the high arsenic groundwater of Shanxi, China 64
Z. Chen, J.-H. Liang & Y.-G. Zhu
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