Army Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) - Defense Technical

137 Pages·2005·3.99 MB·English

DTIC
FILE COpy
0ARMY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) REQUIREMENTS
AND THE JOINT UAV PROGRAM
00
N
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army
Command and General Staff College in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree
MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE
by
WILLIAM R. HARSHMAN, MAJ, USA
B.S.E.E., Indiana Institute of Technology, 1975
OTIC
iLECTE
00T.1 219 1
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
1990
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.
9004622
Form Approved
REPORT DOCUMENTA'[O-N PAGE
0MB No 0704-0188
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) REP~ORJ DAiTEi 9 PAP T toP 6-1990S&9l
0. fl1LE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS
Army Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Requirements
and the Joint UAV Program
6. AUTHOR(S)
Major William R. Harshman
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING OkGANIZATtUN
REPORT NUMBER
U.S. Army Command and General Staff Colicge
Attn: ATZL-SWD-GD
Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-6900
9. SPONSORING/ MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/ MONITORING
AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
12a. DISTRIBUTION /AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. A
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 wvords)
At the direction of Congress, all non-lethal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) programs
of the military services were consolidated into a joint Department of Defense
program. A result of this legislation was the publication of a joint master plan
directing the future of UAV development. The purpose of this study is to determine
if the Department of Defense joint unmanned aerial vehicle program will satisfy the
UAV needs of the Army to conduct tactical' intelligence collection. The study
compares the requirements of the Army UAV program against the specifications for the
joint close-range (JUAV-CR) and joint short-range (JUAV-SR) UAV systems. The study
concludes the Army has3 clearly defined its requirements for unmanned aerial vehicle
operations. The research finds significant differences exist between the Army and
joint programs. However, these differences do not impact on the essential needs of
the Army. The joint UAV program supports the UAV needs of the Army. After a slow
start, the joint UAV program is proceeding rapidly. Barring funding constraints, the
Army, and the other services, will soon possess an operational short-range (out to
150 kin) UAV system capable of performing tactical intelligence collection.
14. SUBJECT TERMS Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV, Remotely Piloted 15. NUMBER OF PAGES
Vehicles, RPV, Intelligence Collection, Tactical Intelligence, 135
Intelligence Requirements, Drones 16. PRICE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICAT ON '9 SFCIIPITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION Of ABSTRACT
Rnclasified Inc assied Unc asired UL
NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Forti 298 (Rev 2-89)
.Standard
PC,iiisb ed by ANSI %td 139-1
198-102
ARMY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) REQUIREMENTS
AND THE JOINT UAV PROGRAM
A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army
Command and General Staff College in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree
MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE
by
WILLIAM R. HARSHMAN, MAJ, USA
B.S.E.E., Indiana Institute of Technology, 1975
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
1990
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.
9004622
MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE
THESIS APPROVAL PAGE
Name of candidate: MAJ William R. Harshman
Title of thesis: Army Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Requirements and the Joint UAV Program
Approved by:
W. 6nl L , Thesis Committee Chairman
MAJ ames M. Adams, M.M.A.S.
2iac4, -1/. Member, Graduate Faculty
MAJ Daniel H. Page M.S.S.M.
M.- , Member, Consulting Faculty
1 1 3
COL Charles A. Endress, (USAR) Ph.D.
Accepted this 1st day of June 1990 by:
• Director, Graduate Degree
Philip J. Brookes, Ph.D. Programs
The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of
the student author and do not necessarily represent the
vievs of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College or
any other governmental agency. (References to this study
should include the foregoing statement.)
ii
ABSTRACT
ARMY UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) REQUIREMENTS AND THE
JOINT UAV PROGRAM: An analysis of how the joint UAV
program satisfies the Army's zequirements for
intelligence collection UAVs, by Major William R.
Harshman, USA, 122 pages.
After many years of attempting to develop and field
operational unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the UAV programs
of the military services were halted at the direction of
Congress. All non-lethal UAV programs were consolidated
into a joint Department of Defense program. A result of
this legislation was the publication of a joint master plan
directing the future of UAV development. -The purpose of
this study is to determine if the Department of Defense
Joint unmanned aerial vehicle program will satisfy the UAV
needs of the Army to conduct tactical intelligence
collection.
This study employs a simple methodology. -,First, UAV
requirements-as defined by both the Army and the Department
of Defenseare identified.f<,Icondi the Army requirements
are tested for validity within the framework of the Army's
capstone war-fighting doctrine, AirLand Battle, and
supporting doctrine for the conduct of intelligence
operations. Third, the operational characteristics
specified by the Army are compared with the same criteria as
defined for the equivalent joint UAV system. The final step
is the identification of differences in the two programs and
determining the impact on future Army UAV operations.
The study concludeslthe Army has clearly defined its
requirements for -unmanned aerial vehicli ~operations. These
1
requirements are valid and fully support the Army's war-
* fighting doctrine., The research fi'tdv significant
differences exist between the Army and Joint programs,
However, these differences do not impact on the essential
needs of the Army. The joint UAV program supports the UAV
needs of the Army. After a slow start, the joint UAV
program is proceeding rapidly. Barring funding constraints,
the Army, and the other services, will soon possess an
operational short-range (out to 150 km) UAV system capable
of performing tactical intelligence collection.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my sincere appreciation to
the members of my thesis committee - COL Charles A. Endress,
MAJ James M. Adams, and MAJ Daniel H. Page. Without their
assistance this study would not have been written.
Appreciation is also extended to those who
contributed in some manner towards the completion of this
study. They are all too numerous for inclusion within the
confines of this paragraph.
Finally, I would like to thank my family - my wife
Terri and son Andrew - for their support and understanding
during the past nine months.
Acoession For
NTIS ORA&I
DTIC TAB 13
Unarnounced 0
Juoitif Icut n.....
By
DIstri1h.ruft
___
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................ iv
Chapter
1. STUDY DESCRIPTION. ................................1
Introduction ........ .... .............. 1
Problem Statement ............................ 8
Research Question .............................. 9
Significance of Study ........................ 9
Research Objective ............................. 9
Definitions ................................... 10
Background .................................... 12
Limitations ......... ........................ 17
Delimitations ................................. 18
Assumptions .................... .......... 18
Methodology ....................... .......... 19
Organization of the Study .................... 20
End Notes .................................... 22
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ............................. 24
Introduction ................................. 24
Research of Army and DOD Requirements ........ 26
Background Information ........................ 29
Historical Perspective ........................ 30
Analysis of Army Requirements ................ 31
Academic Studies ............................. 34
Analysis of Existing Research ................ 36
Summary ....................................... 36
End Notes .................................... 38
3. METHODOLOGY ....................................... 39
Introduction ................................. 39
Explanation of Methodology ................... 40
The Comparison Tables ........................ 47
Strengths and Weaknesses ..................... 48
End Notes ................................... 50
4. ARMY UAV REQUIREMENTS ........................... 51
Introduction ................................. 51
Army Intelligence Collection Needs ........... 52
UAVs as Intelligence Collectors .............. 59
v
Validity of Army Requirements ................ 62
The Joint UAV Program ......................... 64
Summary ...................................... 67
End Notes ..................................... 68
5. JOINT UAV PROGRAM VERSUS ARMY NEEDS ............. 70
Introduction ................................. 70
JUAV-SR as the Army UAV-Deep ................. 70
General System Characteristics ............ 71
Air Vehicle ............................... 74
Mission Payload ...................... 77
Data Link ........... ............... ....... 79
Ground Control Station .................... 80
Video Monitor .............................. 84
Launch and Recovery Section ............... 84
JUAV-CR as the Army UAV-Close ................ 86
General System ........................ 87
Air Vehicle................................. 90
Mission Payload ..................... 92
Data Link ........................ 94
Ground Control Station .................... 95
Video Monitor ...... ................. 98
Launch and Recovery Section ............... 99
6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................. 102
Introduction ................................. 102
Summary Of Significant Findings .............. 103
Primary Conclusions .......... .... ......... 108
Supporting Conclusions ....................... 110
Recommendations .............................. 116
Recommendations for Further Research ......... 117
Summary ...................................... 118
End Notes .................................... 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................1 22
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST ............................... 127
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Army Deep, General System ....................... 72
2. Army Deep, Air Vehicle ............................... 76
3. Army Deep, Mission Payload ....................... 78
4. Army Deep, Data Link .............................. 80
5. Army Deep, Ground Control Station ................ 81
6. Army Deep, Video Monitor ......................... 83
7. Army Deep, Launch and Recovery ................... 85
8. Army Close, General System ........................ 88
9. Army Close, Air Vehicle .......................... 91
10. Army Close, Mission Payload ...................... 93
11. Army Close, Data Link ............................ 95
12. Army Close, Ground Control Station ............... 96
13. Army Close, Video Monitor ........................ 99
14. Army Close, Launch and Recovery .................. 100
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Pioneer Unmanned Aerial Vehicle................... 3
2. Joint UAV Categories.............................. 65
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