Army Regulars on the Western Frontier, 1848-1861

320 Pages·2001·15.988 MB·English

by  Durwood Ball

Amy Regulars on the WestmF rontieq r 848-1 861
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Army Regulars
on the
Western Frontier
D U R W O O D B A L L
University of Oklahoma Press :N orman
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ball, Dunvood, 1960-
Army regulars on the western frontier, 1848-1861 / Dunvood Ball.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-8061-3312-0
I. West (U.S.)-History, Military-I 9th century. 2. United States. Army-History-
19th century. 3. United States-Military policy-19th century. 4. Frontier and pioneer
life-West (U.S.) 5. West (US.)-Race relations. 6. Indians of North Arnerica-
Government relations-1789-1869. 7. Indians of North America-West (U.S.)-
History-19th century. 8. Civil-military relations-West (U.S.)-History-19th century.
9. Violence-West (U.S.)-History-I 9th century. I. Title.
F593 .B18 2001
3 5~ '.00978'09034-dcz I 00-047669
CIP
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and
durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book
Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. m
Copyright O 2001 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman,
Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved.
Manufactured in the U.S.A.
12345678910
For Mom, Dad, and Kristina
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C O N T E N T S
List of Illustrations and Maps IX
Preface XI
Acknowledgments xv
INT R o D U C T I o N : Organize, Deploy, and Multiply XIX
Prologue 3
PART I. DEFENSE, WAR, AND POLITICS
I Ambivalent Duty: Soldiers, Indians, and Frontiersmen I 3
2 All Front, No Rear: Soldiers, Desert, and War 24
3 Chastise Them: Campaigns, Combat, and Killing 3 8
4 Internal Fissures: Soldiers, Politics, and Sectionalism 56
PART 11. BORDER CONSTABULARY
5 Stop Them: Regulars, Filibusters, and Vigilantes in
San Francisco, I 85 I -I 85 6 89
6 Riding the Line: Regulars on the Texas-Mexico Border I 2 7
7 It Is Ours: The Amy and the San Juan Island Dispute I 3 9
PART 111. CIVIL INTERVENTION
8 Treat Them as Enemies: Regulars and Saints in Utah I 5 3
9 Suppress Them: Regulars and Partisans in
Bleeding Kansas I7 2
I o Schism: The FrontierAmzy and the Civil War 189
Conclusion 2 o 5
Abbreviations 209
Notes 2 I I
Bibliography 2 55
Index 277
I L L U S T R A T I O N S
FIGURES
followingpage 106
Winfield Scott
John M. Washington
Samuel Cooper
Edwin V Sumner
Philip St. George Cooke
Fort Leavenworth
Fort Craig
William S. Harney
George Wright
Fort Laramie
Fort Vancouver
David E. Twiggs
Earl Van Dorn
Albert S. Johnston
Randolph B. Marcy
Army of Utah
Benicia Barracks
John E. Wool
Ethan A. Hitchcock
Samuel P. Hein tzelman