ARMOR, November-December 1991 Edition

56 Pages·2007·3 MB·English

A Monument to Armored Warriors
#A balance team of combat arms and services of Despite the fund-raising progress, the original dedi-
equal importance and equal prestige. ” cation date of November 11, 1990, had to be post-
poned because funds were still insufficient. Now the
Such was the vision of MG Adna R. Chaffee, the committee was up against the deadline of the five-
first Chief of Armor and the “Father of the American year window imposed by the public law to complete
Armored Force.” These words are now etched in the monument.
granite in Washington, D.C. to serve as both a me-
morial to those who have fought in steel steeds and In stepped others to help. The Veterans of Foreign
as an inspiration to future generations of Americans Wars contributed significantly through its more than
who view our new monument in our nation’s capital. 1100 posts and Ladies Auxiliaries. General Dynam-
ics Corporation, under the leadership of Gordon Eng-
As with all things worth waiting for, this monument land, spearheaded the defense industry endeavor,
did not come easy. The original idea sprang up in and our Arab allies in Operation DESERT STORM
1983, but the proposal failed to make it through the combined to meet the expenses.
House of Representatives. Led by Congressional liai-
son committee member COL Jimmie Leach (Ret.) Congratulations and special thanks go to the doz-
and others, the second attempt made it through both ens of retired officers, NCOs, and veterans who
houses of Congress late in the last session of the comprised the Armored Forces Monument Commit-
99th Congress, with the help of Senator Strom tee, led initially by the late GEN Bruce C. Clarke,
Thurmond and Representative Floyd Spence, both of followed by GEN Bruce Palmer Jr., and LTG Robert
South Carolina. J. Baer. Mission accomplished! And to the thousands
who gave a little or a lot, who gave valuable time,
The fund-raising effort began in earnest, ably led and gave of themselves to help make this idea a
-
by COL Duke Wolf (Ret.), who was to work untiringly reality a hearty ‘Well done.” You have not only
and without compensation until the idea became created a granite tribute to your deeds and the mem-
solid granite. ories of your comrades that will stand forever, but
you have etched in the hearts of all involved your
It is impossible to give due credit to all those who pride and devotion to duty in having served your
gave time and money to this project, but some need country.
to be mentioned. The dozens of veterans organiza-
tions, including the 16 Armored Division Associations The monument is a simple, elegant design, beauti-
and Tank Destroyer Association, donated money re- fully carved by the artisans of the North Bane Gran-
peatedly. There were more than 10,000 individual ite Company of Vermont, and is a fitting, permanent
contributors, most of whom were veterans, their wid- tribute to the armored warriors from 1918 to 1991.
-
ows, and their families. PJC
By Order of the Secretary of the Army: Official:
GORDON R. SULLIVAN MILTON H. HAMILTON
General, United States Army Administrative Assistant to the
Chief of Staff Secretary of the Army
The Professional Development Bulletin of the Armor Branch PB- 17-91- 6
Editor-in-Ch ief
MAJOR (P) PATRICK J. COONEY Features
Managing Editor
9 The Guns of the Cavalry
JON T. CLEMENS
by Captain Michael J. Reagor
Commandant 14 Christie’s Last Hurrah
MG THOMAS C. FOLEY by George F. Hofmann, PhD.
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ARMOR (ISSN 0004-2420) is published 20 Add 200 and Flre for Effect
bimonthly by the U.S. Army Armor Center, 4401 by Captain David L. Link and First Sergeant Anthony Hafer
Vine Grove Road, Fort Knox, KY 4012 1.
Disclaimer: The information contained in 23 Company D (Moblle Combat Range)
ARMOR represents the professional opinions of by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas R. Rozman
the authors and does not necessarily reflect the
official Army or TRADOC position, nor does it 26 Forward Command: The Wehrmacht’s Approach
change or supersede any information presented To Command and Control In World War II
in other official Army publications. by Major John F. Anta1
Official distribution is limited to one copy for
each armored brigade headquarters, armored 30 The Case for Light Cavalry
cavalry regiment headquarters, armor battalion Major Robert J. Wottlin
headquarters, armored cavalry squadron head-
quarters, reconnaissance squadron head- 33 The Armored Forces Monument
quarters, armored cavalry troop, armor company,
and motorized brigade headquarters of the 37 Can’t Get There From Here: Moving the Heavy Force
United States Army. In addition, Army libraries, by Captain Harry Schute, Jr.
Army and DOD schools, HQ DA and MACOM
staff agencies with responsibility for armored, 41 The Cadre Armor Division Concept
direct fire, ground combat systems,
by Colonel Joseph C. Kopacz
organizations, and the training of personnel for
such organizations may request two copies by
sending a military letter to the editor-in-chief.
Departments
Authorized Content: ARMOR will print only
those materials for which the U.S. Army Armor
Center has proponency. That proponency 2 Contacts
includes: all armored, direct-fire ground combat 2 Letters
systems that do not serve primarily as infantry 4 Commander’s Hatch
carriers; all weapons used exclusively in these 7 Driver’s Seat
systems or by CMF 19-series enlisted soldiers; 8 Armor Branch NCO Notes
any miscellaneous items of equipment which
48 Bustle Rack
armor and armored cavalry organizations use
50 Armor Branch Notes
exclusively; training for all SC 12A, 128, and
52 Books
12C officers and for all CMF-19-series enlisted
soldiers; and information concerning the training,
logistics, history, and leadership of armor and
armored cavalry units at the brigadelregiment
level and below, to indude Threat units at those
levels.
Material may be reprinted, provided credit is
given to ARMOR and to the author, except
where copyright is indicated.
~~ ~ ~~ ~~~
November-December 1991, Vol. C No. 6
-u u w u u
Surprised at Our Success? there, and fight tanks designed and built by coalition air. The CINC, with the advice of
the lead service, the Army. We read your our Marine Expeditionary Force com-
professional magazine. mander, Lieutenant General Boomer, allo-
Dear Sir:
Attacking at odds of 2 to 11 did not cated forces and missions to combat capa-
The article in the July-August 1991 issue bother us. (I have to say that.) With our bility.
of ARMOR about 2/2 ACR forces this Ma- Marine Air Ground Task Force doctrine, At the Amy and Marine Corps level, we
rine tanker to speak out. Of particular aviation is a integral part of any ground may be arguing about roles and missions.
amazement was the author's choice of campaign. We supplement our lack of Down at the tactical level, I doubt 2nd Bri-
words concerning activities on the 24th of armor and artillery with integrated air. gade, 82nd Airborne Division could care
February. The phrase "due to the signifi- We were a supporting attack. We in 1st less which service got a tank battalion in
cant unanticipated success of ground at- Marine Division with M-60s had no desire country first as long as it got there, quickly.
tacks in southern Kuwait by elements of to fight the RGFC heavy divisions. That's Along with my brother tank battalion com-
two Marine Divisions". .., requires response. your job. The lighter divisions defending the mander, I could sleep at night once the
Why the surprise? We are educated at border were well within our capability to de- 197th landed with two M1 and one Bradley
your Armor School, use tactics we learn feat. They had been sufficiently attrited by battalions.
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DIRECTORY Points of Contact prefii is 464. Commercial prefu is Area Code 502-
624-XXXX).
ARMOR EditorialO ffices U.S. ARMY ARMOR SCHOOL
Editor-in-Chief Commandant (A TLK-CG)
Major (p) Patrick J. Cooney 2249 MG Thomas C. Foley 2121
Managing Editor
Assistant Commandant (ATSB-AC)
Jon T. Clemens 2249
BG James L. Noles 7555
Editorial Assistant
Vivian Thompson 2610 Deputy Assistant Commandant (ATSB -DAC)
Production Assistant COL Dwight A. Beck 1050
Mary 2610 Command Sergeant Major
Contributing Artist
CSM Jake Fryer 4952
SPC Jody Harmon 2610
Maintenance Department (ATSB-MA)
COL Phares E. Noyes 8346
MAILING ADDRESS: ARMOR A?TN: ATSB-AM. Fort
box, KY 40121-5210. Command and Staff Department (ATSB-CS)
COL John B. Sylvester 5855
ARTICLE SUBMISSIONS: To improve speed and am-
racy in editing, manuscripts should be originals or clear copies. either Weapons Department (A TS B-W)
typed or printed out double-spaced in near-letterquality printer mode. COL E. G. Fish I1 1055
We also accept stories on 5-1/4" floppy disks in MultiMate. Directorate of Training Developments (ATSB-TD)
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-
ARMOR HOTLINE DSN 464-TANK TRADOC System Manager
me Armor Hotline is a 24-hour service to provide aasiatcmce with for Armored Gun System (ATSB -TS)
questions concerning doctrine. training, organizations. and equipnent COL Eugene D. Colgan 7955
of the A m r F onx.)
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2 ARMOR November-December 7997
Just because we're "Soldiers of the Sea" rather than his army. We should attack his Guns of the TDs
does not mean we can't still fight a ground strategy so as to convince him of its futility
campaign. and the need for him to change his political Dear Sir:
objectives. General Andrew Beaufre said it In regard to LTC Herman's letter in the
A. B. DIGGS clearly when he wrote: July-August 1991 issue of ARMOR wherein
LTC, USMC "The outcome desired is to force the he states that his Tank Destroyer (TD) unit
Former CO, 3d Tank Bn enemy to accept the terms that we wish to in WWll had '...the M10 tank destroyer with
Task Force Ripper impose upon him. In this dialectic of wills, a a naval 3-inch gun, ...," I can only surmise
decision is achieved when a certain effect that his unit musrve had a lot of trouble in
has been produced on the enemy; when obtaining Navy ammunition, because it was
Relating Battlefield Success
he becomes convinced that it is useless to surely the only TD unit so equipped!
To Political Objectives start or alternatively continue the struggle." In fact, the M10 TD had the Army 3-inch
If our opponent changes his political ob- Tank Gun M7, an adaptation of the towed
Dear Sir: jectives as a result of our military, eco- 3-inch Antitank Gun M5. using the same
cartridge family, Neither the gun nor the
nomic, andlor political activities, then our
Dr. Brian Holden Reid has performed a effort has been successful. What must we cartridge are derived from naval anteced-
valuable senrice for the proponents of ma- do to achieve this? In my opinion, we must ents. The M7 Tank Gun did use cartridges
neuver warfare by clearly outlining the successfully attack the opponent's military whose ancestor was the ammunition used
views of General J.F.C. Fuller ("Major Gen- and political centers of gravity while de- in the Army's 3-inch (15pdr) Seacoast Gun,
eral J.F.C. Fuller and the Problem of Mili- fending our own. This may be his army's Model of 1898. That is, the ammunition
tary Movement.' ARMOR, July-August rear, or it may be an individual or small used the same cartridge case design, but
1991). His clear explanation of the need for group. For every conflict, the centers of was assembled with more modem propel-
simultaneous offensive and defensive oper- gravity will be different and must be identi- lant and projectiles to be used in the M7
ations is a realization that most advocates fied early on. An understanding of this con- Tank Gun, as well as in other weapons
of maneuver warfare fail to make. cept of victory - successful attacking of chambered to use the same ammunition.
In a recent letter to Milirary Review (July the enemy's center of gravity and defense Caliber alone tells nothing about size,
1991), I argued that one of the failings of of our own, such that the enemy decides to weight, performance, cost, ancestry, or
AirLand Battle Future doctrine (now known change his political objectives - and the much of anything of importance about am-
as AirLand Operations) was its failure to mental flexibility that it implies, is a much munition or guns.
proceed beyond the thinking of the Napole- more sophisticated and difficult task than a
onic era. In that argument, I was address- simple focus on the enemy's rear. DONALD J. LOUGHLIN
ing the lack of a discussion of the fixing Pleasanton, Calif.
The reader of Dr. Reid's fine summary of
force by the proponents of the new doc-
MG Fuller's thoughts should take with him
trine. It appears that the revision of the
the concept "that the entire operation
doctrine will take Fuller to heart and ad- Should Tanker Badges
should be conceived as an intellectual
dress this shortcoming. However, both Dr. whole, and not viewed as a string of mis- Be Retroactive?
Reid's article and AirLand Operations suffer
- cellaneous general engagements that have
from a fatal omission the discussion of
no relationship with one another. Each bat- Dear Sir:
victory criteria.
tle should be regarded as a stepping
Dr. Reid correctly identifies that for Fuller
stone io the successful conclusion of I have read with interest in the past two
the decisive point of attack is the rear of
the war and should make a distinct con- issues, letters from lieutenants proposing
the enemy's army and that, "...we must re-
tribution to the overall plan." (Emphasis the issue of a combat tanker badge to
member that the object of military opera-
added.) If we can translate the conditions DESERT STORM participants.
tions is the destruction of the enemy's
that the political leaders want to exist at the I applaud and support the proposal. How-
weapon power, his capacity to fulfill the
end of a conflict, as discussed earlier, into ever, none has recommended that such an
tactical function, which is the prime object
military objectives and then backward plan overdue recognition for tankers be retroac-
of the maneuver battle. His organization
and synchronize our campaign, as sug- tive.
must be shattered." This is the CRITICAL
gested in the above quote, we can suc- Shame on them for limited historical in-
MISTAKE that all advocates of maneuver
- cessfully attack our opponent's centers of sight. As a cavalry officer in Our Most Pro-
warfare make they fail to relate battle-
gravity while defending our own. This will tracted War, as opposed to The Brief War,
field success to the achievement of political
cause the enemy to change his political ob- we spent 100 hours of combat in most any
objectives. We must always remember the
jectives to accommodate ours and thus re- given week.
Clauswitzian admonition that war is a con-
sult in victory. True, our war wasn't against enemy
tinuation of politics by other means.
tanks, but the RPGs were a constant fact
Before we can plan for or conduct a mili- The challenge to the mobile force of the
of life (and often death), as were mines
tary campaign, we must understand the future is to develop the mental flexibility re-
and booby traps. And our armored vehicles
conditions that our political leadership de- quired to accomplish the above. ARMOR
bumed MOGAS, which when hit erupted
sires that we create. What are the condi- has contributed to that process by the pub-
into a deadly fireball.
tions that should exist when combat opera- lication of Dr. Reid's excellent summary of
Many of my comrades from the 3rd
tions are concluded? The answer to this the thoughts of Major General J.F.C. Fuller.
Squadron, 5th Cavalry are now remem-
question is key to the type and nature of Keep up the good work.
bered only on a black granite wall in Wash-
military operations that we undertake. Sun
ington, and by their families and former fel-
Tsu would have us believe that, in most BRUCE B.G. CLARKE
low soldiers.
cases, the answer to this question would COL, Armor
cause us to attack the enemy's strategy Carlisle, Pa. Continued on Page 40
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ARMOR November-December 7997 3
MG Thomas C. Foley
Commanding General
US. Army Armor Center
An Armored Force For The Future
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2000 And Beyond Technology
(Part II)
I began fhis discussion o f technology gies in the development of the future time and in locations remote from
and the Armored Force beyond the scout vehicle will be the use of low- friendly forces. With the application
year 2000 in the September-October observable technologies and light of these technologies, the future scout
issue. I addressed the size and mis- weight, composite materials for both vehicle will be a vital piece of equip-
sions of the future force, the future its structure and its armor. Other im- ment to the Total Army.
MBT and AGS systems, and how we portant technologies to the FSV are in We in the Annor Force need an all-
look to take advantage of technology the sensor area. Hand in hand with the weather missile system for the FSV
to enhance battlefield eficiency, sur- sensors, the FSV will require very that has a capability to successfully
vivability, and mobility. I continue long range, secure communications engage threat vehicles at longer
now to examine other signifcant tech- with the capability to integrate data ranges, at -an increased rate of fire,
nology issues that merit our attention from a variety of sensors -amnud PYV~-WIWV".P Q Iand. .wl.i..t"h. a +IVpYrUliVirV~YA t.Yim..V p nv-f f'"lUio" ht
so that we can field a superb Annor As with the future main battle tank, compared to current systems, such a! s
Force into the next century. the FSV will also need to conduct ex- TOW. ....- ".,"
Our scouts desperately need a future tended autonomous ope rat^^. VnII. . +Lh..U G 111.. 1 .... *:4:,l.a..uw1IuII 4.L.U UUI CIU..hL..L.AU G L--U..I..IlI..Udf lL aya-
scout vehicle (FSV). This vehicle will AirLand Operations battlefield the fu- rems, there are numerous other sys-
have many of the advanced capabili- ture scout vehicle will conduct vari- tems, what I call the tools of mobile
ties already discussed. Key technolo- ous missions for extended periods of armored warfare, which will play a
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4 ARMOR November-December 1991
vital role on the future battlefield. but more dramatically in mission Our scouts require the same type of
These are not major weapons systems. planning. In the future, the com- capability in a manportable configura-
Rather, they are relatively inexpensive mander will have the capability to tion. The manportable system must
combat multipliers like quick erection “fly” through a digitized rendering of have the capability to detect all types
antenna masts or items which enhance tactically or operationally important of mines at distances of 10 to 30 me-
the habitat of our fighting vehicles. areas of interest in order to observe ters to allow the dismounted scout to
A vital area for the Armored Force terrain and the disposition of forces conduct effective reconnaissance. In
is our command and control subsys- on that terrain. This will provide the the area of countermobility, we need a
tem. With the application of advanced commander and his staff with a com- smart minefield system that will allow
sensors, and automated command, plete mastery of his geographical and us to move the minefield automati-
control and communication systems, battlefield geometry as it unfolds. Ad- cally and defeat targets through top,
an overwhelming amount of tactical vances in the integration of battlefield bottom, or side attack at extended
and operational information will flood intelligence and information will pro- ranges.
commanders and staffs, who are al- vide the commander’s staff with an The one important “system” that we
ready stressed by continuous opera- adaptive analysis and asset manage- cannot forget is the Armor crewman.
tions. Armor commanders and their ment system, which will include sin- We must ensure our crewmen have
staffs will require a modem command gle-, multiple-, and all-source process- not only the finest equipment, but also
and control system. They need one ing and analysis. This smart fusion the finest self-protection equipment.
that will reduce soldier workloads and system will have self-learning capabil- We envision a follow-on to the soldier
enhance soldier endurance as much as ities that the staff can easily adapt to integrated protective ensemble. What
possible. These requirements are en- changing battlefield conditions. we need is an Armor crewman inte-
compassed by the need to streamline grated protective ensemble. This will
Last, the Armor Force’s communica-
methods of information fusion, corre- give the individual vastly improved
tions will consist of systems that are
lation, and presentation: to simplify capabilities on the battlefield a sys-
high volume, high speed, antijam,
methods of generating orders, over- tem consisting of a suite of individual
with low intercept probability, and ca-
lays, and reports: and the critical need weapons, to include missiles and di-
pable of operating over extended
for increasing our command post mo- rected energy systems: helmet inte-
ranges in all types of temin and
bility, survivability, and functionality. grated communication, fire control
weather.
Many of these needs will be influ- and posnav capabilities: high speed
enced through technological advances In order to maintain the momentum data management processing capabili-
in electronics, communications, and of the attack, armor forces require fu- ties: laser alarm systems: and an exo-
artificial intelligence, and their ability ture systems that will incorporate ad- skeleton contributing to enhanced mo-
to provide innovations and applica- variced technologies to improve our bility. The system would also include
tions in reconnaissance, surveillance, mobility and countermobility capabili- advanced encapsulated feeding, medi-
and target acquisition systems, robot- ties. We need an improved vehicle- cal self help, and individual decon ca-
ics and space programs, and opera- mounted mine detection system, pabilities. We believe the concept of
tional decision support systems. which will provide the capability for mission oriented protective posture
Our analysis over the last several mounted units to detect metallic and (MOPP) needs to be expanded to in-
years and our experience in SWA nonmetallic mines both on and off clude when to wear body armor and
have highlighted the importance of routes of march, whether the mines protective goggles.
these concepts to operational effec- were emplaced by conventional or re- In order to further assist the mounted
tiveness. Just now are we coming to mote techniques. warrior to manage and accomplish the
grips with the potential benefits of The system would have an advanced myriad combat tasks he is assigned,
real-time and near-real-time informa- detection array using X-ray backscat- robotics may be a solution. Robotics
tion sharing between tanks and units tering imagers, acoustic and seismic hold the promise to ease greatly the
in our M1A2 testing in California. detectors, and even electromagnetic burden on the soldier to conduct sus-
The M1A2 is vital not only to contin- mine detectors to determine mine lo- tainment operations. Robotic vehicles
ued tank modernization, but also be- cation. Such a system would provide that can move about the battlefield
cause of its role as a bridge to help us the Armor Force the capability to de- under the control of a base station or
understand and learn to apply these tect all types of mines at combat work autonomously will enable sys-
capabilities. speeds, rather than the lower speeds tems to be refueled and rearmed in a
Technology will allow the Armor required today for mine clearing oper- more efficient manner. Think of the
Force of the future to make great ad- ations, and in a wider path than the benefits of robotic fuel, ammunition,
vances not only in mission execution, width of the vehicle. food, and medical vehicles, which
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ARMOR November-December 1991 5
I
I
drive to a predetermined point to meet Training cuts across the entire do- sight into the impacts of cment and
a company of tanks to conduct resup- main of lethality, survivability, and futuristic threat capabilities.
ply operations. While the crews con- mobility. Without trained soldiers,
Currently, the CCTB is slated for
duct personal hygiene and draw food leaders, and units, all of our equip-
experiments in the areas of battalion
from robotic vehicles, other robotic ment and doctrine is worthless. In
and below command and control,
vehicles control the combat vehicles these days of scarce time, space, fuel,
communications speech intelligibility,
and conduct resupply and rearming ammunition, and money resources we
line of sight antitank development, X-
operations. Those vehicles requiring need to be able to conduct fast-paced,
rod ammunition tactical employment,
maintenance are repaired by robotic combat-oriented, realistic training.
as well as our first endeavor to ex-
systems, and injured soldiers mount Embedded training is one potential
plore required operational capabilities
robotic vehicles to be transported to answer. It can be conducted at unit
requirements for the vehicle integrated
the aid station. Imagine the time saved level, even up to battalion or brigade.
defense system. The ASM Common
and effort saved by not having the These operations can run the gamut of
Chassis Program is using CCTB tech-
soldier conduct these routine resupply combat missions the unit may face.
nology to evaluate the design and
operations. In addition, robotic vehi- Automated manuals in the vehicle are
functionality of the FMBT (Block 111)
cles could conduct chemical detection a must. The crewmember needs to be
crew compartmented hull, and the
missions and decon missions without ab!e to access his manuals without
composite armored vehicle program
exposing the soldier to deadly chemi- leaving the vehicle and without hav-
will interface its Advanced Technol-
cals. They could also serve as autono- ing to worry about the space the man-
ogy Timsfer Demonstrations (ATID)
mous sentries and decoys to enhance uals require. He simply pushes a but-
with the rapidly expanding combined
the overall lethality and survivability ton, and the manuals appear on the
arms battlefield to evaluate various
of the force. Some of the other areas screen at his workstation. This in-
emerging technologies in the late
of concern in which technology can cludes maintenance, SDT, CIT, field
1994-2000t imeframe.
play a vital role are camouflage, laser manuals, and appropriate SOPS.
The CCTB itself is going through a
protection, and biotechnology engi- Here at the Armor Center our fore-
development phase to become the bat-
neering. most combat development tool, the
tlefield distributed simulation devel-
Close Combat Test Bed (CCTB), with
Highly sensitive and long range sen- opmental facility for the hored
its simulation networking technology,
sors will inundate the battlefield of Force. This transition will bring more
has already initiated the path to hard-
the future. They will operate in all realism to the simulation, a greater
ware developments for the 21st cen-
areas of the electromagnetic spectrum. level of fidelity, a tunable OPFOR,
tury. Recently transitioned from
To thwart the enemy’s sensors, intelli- and a host of environmental im-
DARPA to Army control, this unique
gence gathering capability, and smart provements, which will make battle-
man-in-the-loop distributed simulation
munitions with multi-spectnl camou- field replication of Armor 2000 and
has great potential to accomplish
flage may be a very cost effective beyond possible.
more cost effective, technically diffi-
way of increasing survivability on the
cult combat developments, while sub- I’d be remiss if, after this quick tour
battlefield.
stantially reducing troop support re- through our technological challenges,
Lasers on the battlefield of the fu- quirements. I didn’t come back to the very heat
ture will not be limited to ranging and Because it is an interactive simula- of our vision - that armor soldiers
designating operations. They will be tion, many MANPRINT and human and leaders are the key to our future. I
used to incapacitate or even destroy. engineering aspects of hardware de- am confident that we can continue to
We must protect our optics and our velopment can be addressed thor- provide the kind of mounted wanior
soldiers. Some of the technologies oughly. Because of the flexibility in who performed so magnificently in
that may prove beneficial are holo- the simulation, changes can be im- the deserts of Kuwait and Iraq. We
graphic filters, sacrificial mirrors and plemented quickly to make evolution- can meet our mission demands by
coatings, non-linear processes and op- ary design changes in new hardware, melding U.S. technology with Ameri-
tics, and scattering cells. Biotechnol- address multiple courses of action re- can armored crewmen and ensuring
ogy engineering may hold the promise garding sensor, target acquisition or they are trained to standard. In the
of light weight personal ballistic pro- survivability packages, or pursue next issue we will examine our strate-
tection with advanced fiber technol- evolving technologies. The ability to gies for Combined Arms Training in
ogy. Also, biotechnology may hold tune both the hardware and software the future.
the promise of quick, effective medi- to a greater or lesser level of fidelity
cal self help on the battlefield. gives our combat developers more in- Forge the Thunderbolt!
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6 ARMOR November-December 7997
CSM Jake Fryer
Command Sergeant Major
U.S. Army Armor Center
Don’t Forget the Observer
Twenty-two years ago, while serving duct, heritage and traditions, inspec- 18. used and maintained an M17 and
as a scout observer with C Troop, 2d tions, dismounted drill, check cashing, M25 protective mask.
Squadron, 9th Cavalry, I was, by etc. 19. been through the gas chamber.
proxy, relegated to specific duties 2. passed the APlT. 20. worn MOPP IV for four continu-
when the unit deployed to the field. 3. participated in tactical foot ous hours.
These duties included, but were not marches. 21. performed personal NBC decon-
limited to, ammunition pad specialist 4. cleared, loaded and maintained an tamination.
and guard, kitchen police, bar- M16A1 rifle. 22. identified chemical agents with
rier/range guard, tank trail police, tar- 5. qualified with an M16AI rifle. M8 detector paper.
get detail, fire guard, and beer hall su- 6. engaged targets with an M16A1 23. detected chemical agents with
perintendent; additionally, I was la- rifIe using a PVS-4. M9 detector paper.
beled “JAFO” or “worm.” 7. cleared, loaded, and maintained 24. performed basic first aid tasks.
It’s sad for me to report that, force an M203 grenade launcher. 25. operated and maintained PRC-77
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wide, some of our observers great 8. engaged targets with an M203 and vRC-64 radios.
soldiers whose abilities aren’t being grenade launcher. 26. operated and maintained TA-1
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maximized are subjected to the 9. cleared, loaded, and maintained and TA-3 12 telephones.
same abuse Jake Fryer was subjected an M60 machine gun. 27. had introductory training on
to over two decades ago! Why do we 10. engaged targets with an M60 SINCGARS radios.
still believe the “ Di n 19D stands for MG. 28. prepared and sent radio mes-
detail? Why do we berate these dy- 11. engaged targets with an M60 sages and spot reports.
namic, highly talented soldiers? MG using a PVS-4. 29. recognized friendly and Soviet
12. find a subcaliber AT4 LAW. vehicles and aircraft, as friend or
Maybe I was treated that way be- 13. thrown a live hand grenade. enemy.
cause my leaders at the time weren’t 14. performed individual tactical 30. identified Soviet aircraft by
aware of the preliminary training I tasks, i.e., react to flares, movement name.
had received prior to arriving at their techniques, and camouflage. 31. identified Soviet weapons.
unit. A 19D OSUT graduate has: 15. used PVS-7 night vision goggles. 32. collected route classification
1. completed basic soldierhation 16. negotiated an infiltration course. data.
training, i.e., UCMJ, Code of Con- 17. participated in a five-day FIX. 33. read grid coordinates on a map.
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ARMOR November-December 7997 7
34. determined elevation, measured 47. ground guided vehicles with 60. loaded and unloaded 25-mm
distance, and identified terrain fea- hand and arm signals. ready boxes on an M3.
tures on a map. 48. prepared DA Form 2404 and DD 61. engaged targets with the 25-mm
35. determined azimuths with a Form 1970 (Dispatch). gun on an M3.
compass and converted magnetic and 49. loaded vehicle smoke grenade 62. performed TOW, 25-mm gun,
grid azimuths. launchers. and M24OC coax MG misfire proce-
36. negotiated a compass course. 50. performed vehicle recovery op- dures.
37. prepared demolition charges. erations. 63. prepared a range card for an M3.
38. installe4removed dummy M14 51. drove an M998-series vehicle 64. loaded a TOW missile launcher
and M16 AP mines. (HMMWV) at slow speeds on roads on an M3.
39. installedhemoved dummy M15, and cross country for six miles. 65. cleared, loaded, and maintained
M19, and M.21 AT mines. 52. performed operator's mainte- an M24OC coax MG.
40. installed and removed a dummy nance on an M998-series vehicle. 66. had mechanical training on an
claymore mine. 53. driven an M3 at slow speeds on M2 SO cal MG.
41. installed a dummy mechanical roads and cross country for 18 miles.
ambush. (M18) 54. extinguished a fire on an M3. Even though we could train him bet-
42. probed for mines. (simulated) ter at the institutions, we rely on him
43acquired a basic knowledge of in- 55. prepared an M3 for fording oper- to initiate a program of self study. But
stalling booby traps. ations. more importantly, we're reliant upon
44. acquired a basic knowledge of 56. performed operator's mainte- the unit to maximize on the training
neutralizing enemy mines and booby nance on an M3. we've given him and, somehow, con-
traps. 57. performed emergency evacuation tinue to challenge him through tough,
45. acquired a basic knowledge of from an M3. realistic training programs - not te-
calling for and adjusting indirect fire 58. engaged targets with the coax dious, mundane details.
and estimating range. MG on an M3.
46. acquired a basic knowledge of 59. cleared, loaded, and maintained DON'T FORGET THE OB-
the CEO1 and codes. a 25-mm gun. SERVER!
Armor Branch NCO Notes
Wanted: Senior NCOs for TAC Air School
We are looking for senior NCOs who want to receive training in
tactical air operations at brigade level and below. An AS1 of Q8 is
awarded for SFC-MSGs who successfully complete the Joint Fire-
power Control Course. Request the school by a DA 4187 through
your schools NCO.
MOS 19E Tefmlnated
MOS 19E terminated as an AC authorization, but continues to
appear m the Enlisted Master File. For hose who have not trans-
itioned to the M1, the database should reflect 19K with an AS1 of
Y2 (transition required). We will continue sending soldiers with
19E to the M1TC3 course in a TDY enroute status.
Master Gunner Courses
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2Mar92 18May92
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13Apr 92 30 Jun 92
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1 Jun92 18Aug92
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13Jul92 29Sep92
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a ARMOR November-December 1991