Table Of ContentGlobal Issues Series
GeneralEditor:JimWhitman
This exciting new series encompasses three principal themes: the interactionof
human and natural systems; cooperation and conflict; and the enactment of
values. The series as a wholeplaces an emphasis on the examination off complex
systems and causal relations in political decision-making; problems off knowl-
edge; authorityyy, control, and accountabilityy in issues off scale; and the reconcilia-
tion off conflicting values and competing claims. Throughout the series the
concentrationis on an integrationoff existing disciplines towards the clarification
of political possibilityy as well as impendingcrises.
TTTittttles include:
BerhanykunAndemicaelandJohnMathiason
ELIMINATINGWEAPONSOF MASSDESTRUCTION
Prospects forEffective International VVVerification
MikeBourne
ARMINGCONFLICT
The Proliferation of Small Arms
Royy Carr-HillandJohn Lintott
CONSUMPTION,JOBSAND THE ENVIRONMENT
A FourthWay?
John N. Clarke and Geoffrey R. Edwards (editorrrs)
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN THE TWENTY-FIRSTCENTURY
Malcolm Dando
PREVENTINGBIOLOGICALWWWARFARE
The Failure off American Leadership
Toni Erskine(editorr)
CAN INSTITUTIONS HAVE RESPONSIBILITIES?
CollectiveMoral Agency andInternationalRelations
Brendan Gleeson andNicholas Low(editorrrs)
GOVERNINGFORTHEENVIRONMENT
Global Problems, Ethics and Democracy
Roger Jeffery and Bhaskar Vira (editorrrs)
CONFLICT ANDCOOPERAAATION IN PPPARTICIPPPATORY NAAATURAL RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Ho-WWWon Jeong (editorr)
GLOBALENVIRONMENTTTAAALPOLICIES
Institutions and Procedures
APPROACHESTOPEACEBUILINDING
Alexander Kelle, Kathryn Nixdorfff and Malcolm Dando
CONTROLLINGBIOCHEMICALWEAPONS
Adapting Multilateral Arms Control for the 21st Century
W. Andy Knight
A CHANGING UNITED NATIONS
Multilateral Evolution and the Quest for Global Governance
W. Andy Knight (editorr)
ADAPTING THE UNITED NATIONS TO A POSTMODERN ERA
Lessons Learned
Kelley Lee (editorr)
HEALTH IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION
Towards Global Governance
GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH
An Introduction
Nicholas Low and Brendan Gleeson (editors)
MAKING URBAN TRANSPORT SUSTAINABLE
Catherine Lu
JUST AND UNJUST INTERVENTIONS IN WORLD POLITICS
Public and Private
Robert L. Ostergard Jr. (editorr)
HIV, AIDS AND THE THREAT TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
Graham S. Pearson
THE UNSCOM SAGA
Chemical and Biological Weapons Non-Proliferation
THE SEARCH FOR IRAQ’S WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
Inspection, Verification and Non-Proliferation
Andrew T. Price-Smith (editorr)
PLAGUES AND POLITICS
Infectious Disease and International Policy
Michael Pugh (editorr)
REGENERATION OF WAR-TORN SOCIETIES
Marco Verweij and Michael Thompson (editors)
CLUMSY SOLUTIONS FOR A COMPLEX WORLD
Governance, Politics and Plural Perceptions
Bhaskar Vira and Roger Jeffery (editors)
ANALYTICAL ISSUES IN PARTICIPATORY NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Simon M. Whitby
BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGAINST CROPS
Global Issues Series
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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Arming Conflict
The Proliferation of
Small Arms
Mike Bourne
Research Fellow, Centre for International Cooperation and Securitttyyy,
Department of Peace Studies, Universitttyy of Bradford, UK
© Mike Bourne 2007
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-230-01933-1
All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or transmitted
save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,or under the terms of any licence
permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90
Tottenham Court Road,London W1T 4LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted his right to be identified as
the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published in 2007 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world.
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom
and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-28556-3 ISBN 978-0-230-59218-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230592186
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully
managed and sustained forest sources.Logging,pulping and manufacturing
processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of
the country of origin.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bourne,Mike,1975–
Arming conflict :the proliferation of small arms / Mike Bourne.
p.cm.—(Global issues)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1.Social conflict.2.Arms transfers.3.Firearms.4.Illegal arms
transfers.I.Title.
HM1121.B68 2007
327.1(cid:2)743—dc22 2007060006
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07
Contents
List offTTTables vii
List offFigures andd Diagram ix
Acknowledddgements xi
List offAbbreviations xiii
Part I WWWeapons Spread
1 Introduction 3
2 Structure andDynamic inWWWeapons
Spread: The Trade and Proliferation
off Weapons inComparative Perspective 14
Part II TheGlobalLevel: Global Markets
and Dynamic Structures off SALW Spread
3 The Foundations and Constructionoff Global SALW Trade 55
4 Global Structures and SALW Flows to Conflict 88
Part III The RegionalLevel:The Neglected Dimension
5 InBetween the Global and theConflict: 121
Regional Facilitation and the Constructionoff Networks
6 Structures and Dynamics off Intra-regional 139
SALW Spread to Conflicts
Part IV The Conffflict-Complex Level and
Armingg Patterns
7 Arming Conflictfrom the Bottom-Up: SALLLW 181
Spread at the Conflict level
v
vi Contents
8 Constructing Top-Down Arming Patterns: 206
Sovereignty, Money, Networks, andthe
Cumulative Impact off Structures and
Dynamics off SALW Spread
9 Conclusion 238
Notttes 249
Bibliography 253
IIIIIndex 270
List off Tables
2.1 Weapons spread structures and applicableimages 32
3.1 Small arms,light weapons andammunition
producers 57
3.2 Tiersoff producers off small arms, light weapons
andammunition 63
3.3 Distribution off licensed production by region 64
3.4 Distribution off licensed production by tier 64
3.5 Licensors andclient states 65
4.1 Multilateral arms embargoes inforce on 93
conflict-complexes since1990
6.1 Regional Covert AidtoInsurgent Groups in 144
the Post-ColdWar Era
8.1 SALW acquisitionbyy states in conflict 222
vii
List off Figures and Diagram
2.1 Spectrum offSALW Transfers 31
2.2 SALW flows throughlevels offanalysis 50
4.1 Extra-regional stages off CIA pipelines 102
during theCold War
ix
Acknowledgements
Throughout the long process off researching and writing this book
numerous peoplehavebeenoff invaluable support and inspiration. I am
indebted to colleagues at the Centrefor International Cooperation and
Security (CICS) and the Department off Peace Studies at the University
off Bradford. In particular, I thank Owen Greene, who supervised the
doctoral workthatthisbookdraws upon. Thanks too to JimWhitman
for his support in getting this published; and to all other colleaguesin
CICSfor theirpatience andencouragementduring the writingprocess.
On apersonal note, mydeepestgratitudegoes to myfamily andfriends
who over the years have engaged with my work, and given me respite
from it. In particular, to my parents, to Richard, to Gurch Sanghera,
Isabelle Ioannides, Toby Feakin, Juliette Ebrahimi, Eva Martin, Gerrard
Quille, Marta Martinelli-Quille, Jez Littlewood, and many others who
have allplayed apart inanysuccess of this research(and have nopart
in itsfailings).
Thankyou.
xi
