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YEZID SAYIGH
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ArmedS truggle
andt heS earcfho rS tate
TheP alestinNiaatni onMaolv ement
1949-1993
YEZIDS AYIGH
INSTITUFTOER P ALESTISNTEU DIES
WASHINGTON,
D.C.
CLARENDONP RESS OXFORD
·
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OXFORD
UNIVERSPIRTEYS S
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Itf urthtehrUesn iversoibtjye'cst oifev xec elliennrc ees earscchh,o larship,
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ISBN0 -19-829265-1
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PREFACE
An entierreae ndewdh enP alestLiinbee ratOirogna nizacthiaoinr mYaans ir
ArafaantdI sraperliim mei nister YRiatbziphnra eks iodveedtr h es igninogft he
DeclaraotfiP orni ncipl1e3sS eopnt emb1e9r9 3T.h eierx chanogfel ettoefr s
recognitieonnd edde cadoefms u tuadle nibaelt wetehnen atiocnoamlm unities
therye preseenvteeindft ,h ea ccodridnd o tfu ndamentarlelsyo lavlaels pecotf s
thec onfliMcatn.yt housahnadds died,c ombboatth aanntdcs i vilsiianntcshe,e
wart halte tdo t hees tablisohfmt ehJneet w ish isntP aatlee stainndte ot hmea ss
exoduosfi tAsr abp opulatiin1o 9n4 7-T9h.e P alestinnaitaino mnoavle ment
wast or aisteh et winb anneorfs• totlailb eratainod·n a'r mesdt ruggilne '
followyienagrb su,tu ltimaptreolvye d untaolb ilbee raantype a rotfi tcsl aimed
homelabnydf orcTeh.ec iviluiparni stihnaget r uptien1d 9 8i7n itiaaplpleya red
moree ffectiivnse h aking Israebluit s tciotlnhlteP r LoOl fi,n alalcyc eptae d
negotiatceodm promitsheet, e rmosf w hicrha nc ountteorv irtuaalltllhy e
princiapnldae ism ist h ade spousfeodsr o l ong.
How didt heP alestinian mnoavteimoennaatrl r iavtet hiosu tcome, and
whatf actodretse rmdi intecso ursoev etrh ed ecadeCso?u lidth aveac hieved
moreg,i vethne severeex terncalo nstraainndtd sa unticnhga llenbgoeths ,
militaanrdpy o lititchaaitltf , a ceHdo?w werei tpsr incilpeaald erso ragnadn i
zatioanbslt eo m aintatihne iirnt ernal cfoonsrto rl ooln gd,e spittheeg laring
discrepbaentcwye dene clagroeadla sn da ctuaaclh ievemaetne tasca hn de very
stagLea?s btu tn otl easwth,a tr oldei dt hea rmed strugggliev etpnhl ea y,
endurienmgp hasiitrs e ceiivneP da lestidniisacno uarnsdse t ratoengt yh eo ne
handa,n do nt heo theirt s effeacbtainvdeo nmiennt th ec oursoeft hei ntifada
andt hed iplomaptriocc etshsa lte ud ltimattoet lhye1 99a3c cord?
Thibso okt eltlhsse tooryft heP alestinnaitainom noavle menbte twee1n9 49
and1 993t,a kitnhgea rmesdt ruggalsei tmsa inf ocuTsh.e c entrtahle siists h at
the arsmterdu gpgrloev idtehdep olitiicmaplu lasned o rganizatdiyonnaamli c
int hee volutoifoP na lestinnaitaino niadle ntaintdyi nt hef ormatioofn
parastiantsatli tuatnidao bn us reaucrealtiittceh ,en ucleoufsg overnmenItt.
dids ob yd rivimnags sp olitaincdts h ee stablisohfma e nnatt io·npaoll itical
fieldi'nt, h ep roceesnsa blain negw p olitcilcaatslosf ormg,a irne cogniatnido n
legitimaacnyda, s seirttls e adersBhyit ph.e same tokaernm,e sdt trhueg gle
playead p ivotraoll ien d emarcattihnePg a lestinaisaa n dsi stincti na ctor
regiopnoalli twiictsha noti nsignificanto fad uetgorneoem Ay .s ubsidiary
thesiists h atth ek eyt ot hes urviovfat lh eP alestinniaatni omnoavle menatn d
tot haet tainmoefan tlt e aasm to dicuomfi tosb jectivweasst ,h ea biltioet ffye ct
fundamentsahli ftisng oalasn ds trataetcg ryi tistcaaglie nis t esv olutiTohne.s e
shifttso opkl acienr espontsoee x tercniarlc umstaanndcc ehsa llenbguetts h,e y
Preface
viii
alsroe quipraerldal cehla ngienis d eolsotgryu,c taunrdie n,t ernpaoll itiHcesr.e ,
agaiinti, sb yt ractihnceg o urosfet haer mesdt ruggbloet,ah s d iscouarnsde
practtihcathete, t ransforcmaanbt eih oing hligmhotseetffd e ctively.
Thef ollowaicncgo uinsdt i vidiendtf oo upre riodse-mdarcabtyet dh e
Arab-Israeolf1i 9 4w18a9,r 6s17 ,9 7a3n,d 1 982-ainsbd r ougthoit t nsa tural
concluisnit ohnPe L O-Isarcaceolor fdS eptem1b9e9rAn3 .i ntroduscetcory
tionp receedaecsph a rtto s ummaritzheem aini nternatainodnr aelg ional
trenthdasts etth ceo ntefxoPtra lestpionliiaotinfc ts h pee riaondd,t ot ouch
brieoflnyt hmeo ssta lideenvte lopmientn htPesa lestianrieanAnal .t houiigtsh
inforbmyeb do tdhi sciptlhiinpser se,t etnodb sen eithape orl itical sociology
noras tuodfyi nternaatilro enlatainodtn hsae,c coudnoten so ttr ascyes temati
calolryi nc onsisdteetnattih lea ttitaunddef so rtuonfed si stiPnaclte stinian
socifaolr cneosrth, o seo ft hper incriepgailo annadgl l obpaolw erRsa.t heirt,
offerash istorreiccoanls troufct thieeo vno lutoifPo anl estpionliiatinpc raol
grammeisd,e olodgiisccaolu arnsdoe r,g anizasttirouncatlau srr eesv,e aled by
thec onnecttihnegmo ef a rmesdt ruggTlhei.bs o okw ilhla vaec hieved its
purposiefi t d esertvobe esd escriabsae h di story.
BetweeSnt ateasn dS tat-eBiulidng
Thev oluminloiutse raotntu hreeP alesctoinnflei acttt etsott sh ep ersistent
interanedsi tn teenmsoet iiohtna sgs e neraTtheerd e.c onstrpurcetsieonintn e d
this ibsto hoek reoffoo rbev ioruesl evaanncdie n trinvsailcub eu,ti ti sa lssoe t
aparfrto mc omparasbtlued biyei st dsi stinctive Efrsasmeenwtoitrahkli.ls y ,
viewtsh Pea lestiansei nagnasga eldm ocsotn tinusoiuns1cl9ey4 i8na h istorical
proceosfss t ate-buwiiltdthih nePg L,O g raduaelmleyr gianftge1 r9 6a4st he
non-terreiqtuoirviaaollfea n stt atNea.t iolniable rahtaisbo ene tnh eg oaolf
manym ovemenitnts h ec olonainadpl o st-coelroanosifth a elt wenticeetnh
turbyu,tt heP alestciansiea n sthhoawttsh es tate-budiylndaimdniogce nso t
comei ntoop eratoinolnay ft eirn dependReantchee.tr h,es earfcohrs tate
shaptehsea rticuloafgt oiaolfnso ,r mulaotfsi torna tecghioeioscf,eo rganiza
tionsatlr uctaunrdce osn,d uocfit n ternpaoll itthircosu mguhc ho ft hper eced
insgt ruggle.
Thesaes sertrieoqnusie rleu cidabtuitao nd,i scmlerai isfi rsitn o rder.
To assetrhta tth eP alestihniaavnbese ene ngagiends tate-buiistl od ing
make neiat phoelre mipcoailnn to ra juridoinceaa lbo utth esitra taussa
natioennatlio trdy i stincpte opalnedt heriirg hatc,c orditnoeg xleyr,c sieslef
determinsapteicoinf,ii ntc hafelo lryom fa ni ndepensdteanNttoe r.i ist mtaok e
ah istoorrie cmapli ricclaalia mb outth de egrteoew hich-aantys taignet he
thrdeeec adpersit oort hien auguroaftti hoen PaleAsuttihnoiriaintnt h yGe a za
Strainpd t heW estB ank autonoamrye iansM ay1 99(4a nedv etnh eonn ly
arguablyP)L-Ota hcet uaelxleyr csiosveedr eiagnntdfuy l filltehmdea jofurn c
tioantst ributtote hdme o demt erritsotraitRaeal.t hearti, s saurete h eem er-
Prefaciex
gencaen dm aintenaonfac p ea rticsuelotaf pr o litpircaaclt aincdei sn stitutional
arrangemceennttsr oendt heP LO;t hep rocestsherso uwghhi cihtr edefineidt s
politrieclaalt wiiotnhsa, n ds oughttoc o-opt, Palestiannidta hne m asnociety;
nero fi tisn teracwtiiotsnho veremiegmnb erosft her egioannadil n ternational
stastyes teImtsi .si nt hisse nsteh atth eP LOc anb es eeans a ' stataicsttoa'rn ,d
thatth eu nderlylionggio cfP alestinnaitaino pnoalli taincdos r ganizational
evolution-wwihtihcifrhna mewortkh ea rmesdt ruggplreo vetdob es itu
ated-si1n9c4eh 8a sb eeonn eo fs tate-building.
A crucidails tinctiiosbn e inmga deh erbee tweetnh e' stateonfet shseP' L O
(itasc tupaols sessoifto hne k eya ttribouftt ehses tatweh)i,c wha ss everely
qualifainedid t,ss t atcihsatr acwtheirc,ih sb einga sserTtheeddi .s tinction draws
ond efinitiooftn hses taitnes ocisacli enlciet erattoeu xrpel awihna tt heP LO
wasn ot, wahnadti tw as. Charles Tilltyh ecs oummmmoanvr iieztweh sa atn
'organizwahtiicochno ntrthoel pso pulatioocnc upyaid negf intietrer iitsoa r y
staitensf oar (1i)ti sd ifferentfrioamt oetdh eorr ganizaotpieornast iintn hge
as
samet errit(o2ir)tyi ;sa utonomo(u3si);ti sc entralainzd(e 4di;)t d si visioanrse
formacloloyr dinwaitteohdn ea notheDrr'a.w1i nognM axW eberJ,o eMli gdal
addtsh aatn e speciiamlployr tdaenfti nfuinncgt ioofnt hes taits'e t haeb iloirt y
authortiomt ayk ea ndi mplemetnhteb indirnugl feosar l tlh pe eopalsew elals
thep arametoefrr usl e-makinfgo r otshoecrio arlg anizaitnia o gnisv etne rri
toryu,s ing fiofnr eccee sstaorh ya ve wiatys.' 2
Thatth eP LO lacked saouvterheoirogivnte yar d istinct taenrdpr oiptuory
latiioson b vioAutsn .o p oinwta si ta blteo e xercise ejxucrliussdiivtceht aito n,
ist,om onopolize rulaen-dmt ahkemi enagno sf c oercioovne,tr h ei nhabitants
ofa defined geograarpeheaiv,ce awnlh eni t fortmheerd u dimeonftp sa rallel
governmenitnt hes tate-withini-trt ahnei -nJ sotradtaienn1 968-a7n1dL eba
noni n1 972-T8h2ep. h ysical diosfpt ehrePs aalle stiannidat nhsesi urb ordina
tiotno t hep olitiacdamli,n istraantdie vceo,n omsiycs teomfsv ariohuoss t
governmenqtusa litfiheeds tatenoefts hseP LOe vefunr theNro.to nlwye rei ts
attempttoas c hieve socicaoln tcionnutorcuooslnl tye sbtyer di vsatla cteen tres
(especiIaslrlaayenl dJ ordabn)u,ti tosw nd evelopmaesna t s tataicsttow ra s
ultimactoenltyi ngoennt th ee xisteonfac c eo unterpaas rotc:i ewtiyta hc om
mon 'socioclaoslgp iacPea'.l estisnoicainew taysi tsienln fe eodf d emarcation
anda rticulathteir oenc;u rsive elemtehnets tawtiet-hsiondc yiaeodtn yl bye
camer ealizwahbelnte h e1 99O3s lAoc corwde ddetdh eP LO'pso litfriacmael
workt oa ni dentifisaobclieea clo,n omiacn,dt erritboarsiiean tl h eW estB ank
andG azaS triTph.e f actth atth eP LO'osw nb ureaucrealtiwitaces a lready
drawhne avifrloym thesaer eaasn,d t haitti nheriat reeda dgyo vernmental
apparatiunst hef ormo ft heI sraelic-irvuianld ministraftiaocni,l itated
thet ransiatnidoe nm phasiiztea dsa news tagiena ne stablipsrhoecdeo sfs
state-building.
Thats aiidt,w a sp recisientl eyr mosf i tpso litfriacmaelw ortkh atth eP LO
wasm osti dentifiaasba l set atiasctt oarn,d n ots implbye cauistee xplicitly
soughnta tioinnadle pendaenncdse t atehaosoi dt cse ntrgaola lA.b ovea lli,t
