Table Of ContentARIS-
Business Process
Frameworks
Third Edition
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
August -Wilhelm Scheer
ARIS-
Business Process Frameworks
Third Edition
With 94 Figures
i
Springer
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. August-Wilhelm Scheer
Universität des Saarlandes
Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik
Postfach 151150
D-66041 Saarbrücken
Germany
E-Mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.iwi.uni-sb.de/scheer/scheece.html
The first edition of this book has been published under the tide "Architecture of Integrated Information
Systems". The second edition has been published in two volumes:
''ARIS - Business Process Frameworks" and
"ARIS - Business Process Modeling".
ISBN 978-3-642-63633-2
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Scheer, August-Wilhelm: ARIS - business process frameworks / August-Wilhelm Scheer. - 3. ed. - Berlin;
Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hongkong; London; Mailand; Paris; Singapur; Tokio: Springer, 1999
Dt. Ausg. u. d. T.: Scheer, August-Wilhelm: ARIS - vom Geschäftsprozeß zum Anwendungssystem
ISBN 978-3-642-63633-2 ISBN 978-3-642-58529-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-58529-6
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
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ing, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publi
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© Springer-Verlag BerlinHeidelberg 1998, 1999
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1999
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not im
ply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective
laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
ARIS is registered trademark of IDS Scheer AG, SAP R/3 is registered trademark of SAP AG, all other
named products are registered or non-registered trademarks of their respective enterprises.
SPIN 10727769 42/2202-5 4 3 2 I 0 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface to the Third Edition
In light of the extraordinary success of the second, completely revised edition of
"ARIS - Business Process Frameworks", a new edition is necessary -- just one year
later.
Due to the short period of time since the last edition, only a few formal corrections
were necessary. For this reason, the goals and contents stated in the second edition
apply without exception.
I wish to thank Dipl.-Kff. Ursula Markus for assisting with the revision.
Saarbrucken, Germany, June 1999
August-Wilhelm Scheer
Preface to the Second Edition
Since its first publication in 1992, the "Architecture of Integrated Information
Systems" has been enjoying tremendous popularity. Documenting standard software
with business models has proven to be a huge success. ARIS Toolset, developed by
IDS Prof. Scheer GmbH and based on the ARIS concept, is now the worldwide leader
in the market for business process engineering tools. Deployed in universities in the
U.S., Europe, South Africa, Brazil and Asia-Pacific, ARIS Toolset is providing R&D
and academic institutions engaged in enterprise organization and business information
technology with a state-of-art business process engineering solution.
The furious development in information technology (IT) since the first edition of this
book was published has led to so many new aspects and so much more information
that we felt it necessary to completely revise it and actually split up the subject matter
into two books, namely
ARIS -Business Process Frameworks and
ARIS -Business Process Modeling.
We see a different target audience for each book. Whereas the first book is aimed
more at those interested in the business and design aspects of standard applications,
VI Preface
the second book offers comprehensive insight into modeling and information
technology.
About this Book
In "ARIS - Business Process Frameworks", we use the ARIS concept to describe
business processes. The ARIS House of Business Engineering (HOBE) is a model for
business process management.
The description of output flows is another new element in this edition. The HOBE
concept now includes new software concepts such as workflow systems,
componentware and frameworks. Instead of the entity relationship approach, we now
employ the unified modeling language (UML) for describing meta models.
AD/CYCLE, which had originally seemed to be a promising approach, is no longer
being sold by IBM, which is why we are no longer covering it.
The potential audience of this book includes IT managers, consultants, instructors and
students of business-related computer science, computer science and related
disciplines. The author would be especially pleased if business administrations
students were to regard this book as an enhancement to their discipline, in the sense of
IT oriented business theory.
The illustrations in this book are available as slides on the WWW at
http://www.iwi.uni-sh.de/teachingiARIS/aris-i/aris-e-i/index.htm and may he used,
provided the copyright is observed and the source is mentioned.
I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Christian C. Tiews of 'The Localizer' for
the meticulous translation ofthe text into English. I would also like to thank Dipl.-Kff.
Ursula Markus for coordinating and revising the translation of the German text into
English, Dipl.-Kfm. Frank Habermann for his careful editing of the German
manuscript, cando rer. oec. Nathalie Anterist and cando rer. inform. Jochen Kunze for
the preparation of the English illustrations, and Prof. Thomas Gulledge from George
Mason University, VA, for his careful revision of the English manuscript. Valuable
technical input was provided by Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing. Markus Bold, Dr. Wolfgang
Kraemer, Dipl.-Kfm. Markus Luzius, Dr. Markus Niittgens and Dipl.-Ing. Arnold
Traut.
Saarbriicken, Germany, July 1998
August-Wilhelm Scheer
Preface VII
Classification of the Contents
The books on business process engineering by this author adhere to a consistent
principle, as depicted in Fig. I.
Technical
Profile of Books:
Requirements _ Principles of Efficient
Definition Information Management
-elM -Towards the Factory
of the Future
Design -Business Process Engineering
Specification Reference Models for
Industrial Enterprises
-ARIS -Business Process
Frameworks
Implementation -ARIS -Business Process
Description Modeling
Fig. I: Technical profile of books by this author
Business-related computer science spans the gap between business theory -- and
information and communication technology, with a bi-directional relationship between
the two. Information and communication technology should be analyzed as to how
new technical procedures can enable new IT oriented business application concepts.
The "direction of influence" is illustrated by the arrow on the left hand side of Fig. I.
In business-related computer science, it is not essential to know the full range of
information technology, but only to apply the segment responsible for alterations in
business application concepts. Business-related computer science is especially
important in this area.
The arrow on the right hand side of Fig. I makes clear how the enhancement of
information and communication technology is influenced by business requirements.
VIII Preface
Both relationship directions are discussed in the book "Principles of Efficient
Infonnation Management", the second edition of which was published in 1991.
The key effects of infonnation technology on business processes are discussed in
"CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) - Towards the Factory of the Future"
which also appeared in its third edition in 1994.
Both books cover IT oriented frameworks and are excellent foundations for specific
corporate system solutions.
These frameworks are implemented into IT tools by infonnation systems. Thus,
infonnation systems really do act as bridges between business applications and
infonnation technology.
The "Architecture of Integrated Infonnation Systems - ARIS" was developed for the
comprehensive description of infonnation systems. The first edition of the book was
published in 1992. This is the second edition of this concept, now published in two
different books,
ARIS -Business Process Frameworks --and
ARIS -Business Process Modeling.
"Business Process Engineering - Reference Models for Industrial Enterprises", with
its second edition published in 1994 offers industrial enterprises an integrated
infonnation system by the use of function, data, organization and process models, in
accordance with the ARIS concept.
The business value of describing infonnation systems decreases as technical
implementation progresses. At the same time, stability of the concepts also diminishes
because the enonnous speed with which IT is being enhanced usually influences the
technical implementation of infonnation systems. In all of these books, the author
takes this fact into account by the extent with which the respective issues are
weighted. This is analogous to the weighting illustrated by the triangle in Fig. I.
All of the author's books are also available in Gennan. "Business Process
Engineering" is available in Chinese, "CIM" has been translated into Portuguese as
well. Other translations are in progress.
Table of Contents
A User Benefits of ARIS 1
A.I Benefits for Business Administration and Organizational Processes 2
A.II User Benefits for Developing Infonnation Systems 5
B Basic Business Process Model in ARIS 10
B.I The Initial Business Process Model 10
B.1.1 Responsible Entities and their Relationships 10
B.1.2 Function Flow 11
B.I.3 Output Flow 13
B.I.4 Infonnation Flow 15
B.1.5 Consolidated Business Process Model 16
B.II The ARIS Business Process Model 18
B.ll.l The Expanded Example Process 18
B.l1.2 The Generalized Business Process Model 26
C Developing the Architecture of Integrated
Information Systems (ARIS House) 32
C.I ARIS Views 33
C.II ARIS Phase Model 38
c.m
Preliminary ARIS Infonnation Model 43
C.IV Preliminary ARIS Procedural Model 48
D Business Process Management Using ARIS
(ARIS House of Business Engineering) 54
D.I Engineering Business Processes 58
D.I.l Modeling Product and Business Processes 59
D.L2 Reference Models 61
D.L3 Knowledge Management 63
D.1.4 Process Evaluation 66
D.1.5 Process Benchmarking 70
D.1.6 Simulation 71
D.1.7 Quality Assurance 73
D.1.8 Process Warehouse 74
D.II Planning and Controlling Business Processes 76
D.II.1 Process Monitoring 77
X Table of Contents
D.lI.2 Scheduling and Capacity Control 77
D.II,3 Executive Infonnation Systems (EIS) 80
D.II.4 Continuous Process Improvement - Adaptive Business Process
Engineering 83
D.I11 Workflow Control 87
D.IV Application Systems 92
D.lV.l Traditional Standard Software Solutions 93
D.lV.2 Componentware 99
D.lV.2.l Objects 99
D.lV.2.2 Business Objects 101
D.IV.2,3 Java Applets 102
D.IV.2.4 Standardization Efforts 105
D.V Frameworks 109
D.V.l The Framework Concept 109
D.V.2 Realization Concepts 111
D.V.2.1 ARIS-Framework 111
D.V.2.2 SAP-Framework 113
D.V.2,3 SNI-ComUnity 114
D.V.2.4 IBM's San Francisco Project 115
D.V,3 Effects on the Software Industry 116
E Modeling Standards in ARIS 119
E.I Generally Accepted Modeling Principles 119
E.II Modeling Levels 120
E.I11 Degrees of Granularity and Detailing 126
E.lV Model Variants 129
F Comparing ARIS with Other Concepts 132
F.I Object Oriented Modeling 133
F.II CIMOSA 137
F.I11 IFIP -Infonnation System Methodology (ISM) 140
F.lV Zachman Framework 142
F.V Research Results of the University of St. Gallen,
Switzerland 144
F.VI Other Architectures 145
G Deploying ARIS - Practical Procedures 147
G.I ARIS Model Based Business Process Reengineering 147
G.1.1 Process Oriented Enterprise Engineering 147
G.I.2 Procedural Model for Business Process Optimization 149
G.1.3 Phases of Business Process Optimization 150
