AREI updates

10 Pages·1995·2.1 MB·English

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

aHD1751
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mnxf£l UPDATES: Agricultural Input Trade
Updates on Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators
Natural Resources and Environment Division 1995
Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture m= Number 10
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U.S. Exports and Imports of Agricultural Inputs, 1990- 94 Bt ae 3S
¢ During 1990-94, U.S. exports of fertilizers, pesticides, and Western Europe has fallen while the shares toN ort ? and South
seeds for planting, and farm machinery all exceeded America and Asia have grown. Canada; Mexixo, ane Trinidad-
imports. Trade surpluses in these agricultural inputs in Tobago are the primary sources of fertilizer imports.= :
1993-94 were highest for farm machinery.
Pesticides—The value of U.S. exports-remained stable at $1.3
¢ Annual fertilizer exports averaged $2.5 billion (mostly to billion whereas imports grew from nearly $0.5 billion to $0.7
Asia), farm machinery exports $3.0 billion (mainly to billion. Herbicide products dominated both imports and exports.
Canada and Western Europe), pesticide exports $1.3 Proportionately, exports to Western Europe fell while those to
billion (primarily to Western Europe) and seed exports North and South American countries increased. Pesticide import
$0.7 billion (largely to Western Europe, Canada, and shares by region remained stable.
Mexico).
Farm Machinery—Exports increased from $2.9 billion in 1990
¢ Annual fertilizer imports averaged $1.6 billion (mostly to over $3.4 billion in 1994, while imports rose from $2.2 billion
from Canada), farm machinery imports $2.1 billion to $2.6 billion. Exports were mostly large tractors and self-
(primarily from Western Europe and Japan), pesticide propelled combines while imports included smaller tractors and
imports $0.7 billion (mainly from Western Europe), and other equipment. Major export and import countries were Canada,
seed imports $0.4 billion (largely from Canada, Chile, UK, Germany, and Japan.
and Netherlands).
Seed—The value of exports reached around $0.67 billion in 1991
This issue of ARE] UPDATES summarizes U.S. agricultural input and 1992 then declined to $0.62 billion in 1993 and 1994. Com,
trade as compiled from data collected by the U.S. Department of forage, and vegetable seeds were the major exports by value.
Commerce. The products included in the major agricultural input Annual seed imports were valued at $0.5 billion in 1991 and 1992
categories are described in the ERS publication, Foreign but declined to $0.4 billion in 1993 and 1994. Vegetable seeds are
Agricultural Trade of the United States, fiscal-year supplement. the major seed import category. Seed imports from Asia fell
relative to those from South America and Western Europe.
Fertilizer—The United States is a major exporter of phosphate
and nitrogen products and a major importer of potash. The value of Contacts: Stan Daberkow [phone], Mohinder Gill (202)
fertilizer exports has varied in recent years from $3.0 billion in 219-0447, Harold Taylor [phone], and Marlow Vesterby
1991 to $1.8 billion in 1993. The share of U.S. exports to Eastern [phone]
Net U.S. exports of agricultural inputs
About AREI UPDATES (Exports less imports)
1.6 Fertilizer
AREI UPDATES is a periodic series that supplements and
updates information in Agricultural Resources and
Farm machinery
Environmental Indicators (AREI, USDA, ERS, AH-
-™
705, Dec. 1994. UPDATES report recent data from
ww
surveys of farm operators and others knowledgeable about =
2
changing agricultural resource use and conditions, with only
=
minimal interpretation or analysis. Please contact the
individuals listed at the end of the text for additional
information about the data in this UPDATE. If you would
like to be added to the mailing list or have other questions
about AREI UPDATES or AREI, contact Richard
0
Magleby, [phone]. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
Source: U. S. Department of Commerce data.
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U.S. Department of Agriculture
Economic Research Service
Res
SUMMARY OF REPORT #AER-719
Regulations Encourage Reduced Number,
Toxicity of New Pesticides
June 1995
Contact: Michael Ollinger [phone]
Perics regulation in the United States has en- meet strict health and environmental standards. As a re-
couraged fewer, yet less toxic, new chemical pes- sult, pesticide companies have refocused their research
ticides. The number of new chemical pesticides On pesticides that degrade rapidly and have stopped de-
registered by the EPA dropped by 49 percent between veloping pesticides that persist in the environment. The
the 1972-76 and 1987-91 periods, and those with chronic low-toxicity pesticides now account for more than half of
health effects dropped by 86 percent between the 1972- sales of new pesticides.
76 and 1985-89 periods. The findings of a new report
The findings of this report also suggest that EPA
from USDA’s Economic Research Service, World Agri-
chemical pesticide regulation has indirectly affected the
culture and Climate Change: Economic Adaptations
number and type of pesticide firms. Each 10-percent in-
(AER-703), also suggest that pesticide regulations have
crease in new pesticide regulatory costs causes a 2.7-
encouraged firms to focus their chemical pesticide re-
percent reduction in the number of new pesticides.
search on pesticides for larger crop markets and aban-
Higher regulatory costs contributed to an industrywide in-
don pesticide development for smaller crop markets.
crease in research spending. This increase encouraged
Concern over the health and environmental effects of some small firms (companies with sales below the indus-
chemical pesticide use caused Congress to enact major try average) to leave the chemical pesticide industry. Al-
amendments to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and though the exit of some companies has reduced the
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) in 1972, 1978, and 1988. These potential for greater innovation, the firms that remain are
amendments required that new and existing pesticides those better able to exist in a more stringent regulatory
environment and, perhaps, more likely to develop less
toxic pesticides.
Research spending, new chemical pesticide
registrations, and pesticide regulation
Closer regulation of pesticides has contributed to a
tripling of research costs and a 75-percent decline in
pesticides approved for use since 1972. To Order This Report...
Million 1982 dollars Number
The information presented here is excerpted
400 = wane
New registrations . from Regulation, Innovation, and Market Struc-
(right scale ) * ture in the United States Pesticide Industry,
Trend Actual AER-719, by Michael Ollinger and Jorge Fernandez-
Cornejo. The cost is $9.00.
300 T 9
To order, dial 1-800-999-6779 (toll free in the
United States and Canada) and ask for the report
by title.
200 5 Please add 25 percent to foreign addresses
(including Canada). Charge to VISA or Master-
Card. Or send a check (made payable to ERS-
NASS) to:
Research spending
ERS-NASS
(left scale)
341 Victory Drive
Herndon, VA 22070.
1972 78 84 90
List of Back Issues of UPDATES
RTD UPDATES 1993
January Area Studies - Central Nebraska Basins
February Tillage Systems - 1992 Field Crops
March Fertilizer Use and Trade - 1970-92
April Agricultural Real Estate Taxes - 1991
May Foreign Landownership - 1992
June Changes in Farmland Values - 1992
June Area Studies - White River Basin
Name
July Cropping Practices - 1992 Field Crops
July Agricultural Land Values - 1992
August Area Studies - Lower Susquehanna River Basin Address
August Changes in Farmland Values - 1993
September 1993 Cropland Use
September Area Studies - Mid Columbia River Basin
October Farm Machinery - 1993 Purchases
October Landownership Restrictions
November Area Studies - Iowa/IIllinois
Cropping Patterns - 1992 Corn, Soybeans, Cotton
December Area Studies - Upper Snake River Basin
Irrigated Land in Farms - Revised Estimates 1992-93
RTD UPDATES 1994
January Area Studies - Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Area
Conservation Reserve Program - First Contracts Expire
February Pest Scouting - 1992 Tomatoes, Lettuce, Strawberries
Area Studies - Georgia-Florida Coastal Plains Area
March Fertilizer - 1993 Fertilizer Use by Major Crops and States
Farm Chemical Use - on 1991 Oranges
April Foreign Landownership - of 1993 U.S. Agricultural Land
Agricultural Land Values - 1993 U.S. Farm Real Estate
May Agricultural Real Estate Taxes - 1992 by State
Seeds - 1993 Seeding Rates, Major Field Crops/States
June User Survey
Integrated Pest Management - Use on 1992 Vegetables
July Land Trusts - Number and Acreage Protected in 1990
Chemical Use Practices - 1993 Major Field Crops/States
August Integrated Pest Management - 1993 Corn, Potatoes, Soybeans
Integrated Pest Management - 1991 Fruits and Nuts
September #1 1994 Cropland Use
#2 Farm Energy - Prices, Uses, Expenditures, and Production in 1994
AREI UPDATES 1995
Number Farm Machinery - 1994 Purchases Up From a Year Ago
Number Nutrient Use and Mangement - On Major Field Crops in 1994
Number Crop Consultants - Independent Crop Consultants and Nonchemical Pest Management Practices
Number Seeds - 1994 Seed Use, Costs, and Trade
Number Agricultural Research - Public and Private Spending in 1992
Number Tillage and Cropping on HEL
Number Farmland Tenure - 1992 Census Documents More Famland Leasing
Number Foreign Landownership - Foreign Ownership of U.S. Agricultural Land in 1994
Number Agricultural Real Estate Taxes
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AREI UPDATES
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Agricultural Resources and
Environmental Indicators
ERS’ newest basebook contains a wealth of information covering a broad range
of subjects in resource and environmental economics. Topics include land use,
quality, and ownership; farm real estate values; water use and quality; fertilizer,
pesticides, energy, and farm machinery; technology; and the conservation
reserve, compliance, wetlands, water quality, and non-USDA programs that
affect agriculture. Each topic is covered in modular format, with clear-cut,
concise charts and tables to illustrate the subject.
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