Arduino Microcontroller Processing for Everyone!

244 Pages·2010·2.03 MB·English

Arduino Microcontroller
Processing for Everyone!
Part II

Synthesis Lectures on Digital
Circuits and Systems
Editor
MitchellA.Thornton,SouthernMethodistUniversity
TheSynthesisLecturesonDigitalCircuitsandSystemsseriesiscomprisedof50-to100-page
bookstargetedforaudiencememberswithawide-rangingbackground.TheLecturesincludetopics
thatareofinteresttostudents,professionals,andresearchersintheareaofdesignandanalysisof
digitalcircuitsandsystems.EachLectureisself-containedandfocusesonthebackground
informationrequiredtounderstandthesubjectmatterandpracticalcasestudiesthatillustrate
applications.TheformatofaLectureisstructuredsuchthateachwillbedevotedtoaspecifictopic
indigitalcircuitsandsystemsratherthanalargeroverviewofseveraltopicssuchasthatfoundina
comprehensivehandbook.TheLecturescoverbothwell-establishedareasaswellasnewly
developedoremergingmaterialindigitalcircuitsandsystemsdesignandanalysis.
ArduinoMicrocontroller:ProcessingforEveryone!PartII
StevenF.Barrett
2010
ArduinoMicrocontroller:ProcessingforEveryone!PartI
StevenF.Barrett
2010
DigitalSystemVerification:ACombinedFormalMethodsandSimulationFramework
LunLiandMitchellA.Thornton
2010
ProgressinApplicationsofBooleanFunctions
TsutomuSasaoandJonT.Butler
2009
EmbeddedSystemsDesignwiththeAtmelAVRMicrocontroller:PartII
StevenF.Barrett
2009
EmbeddedSystemsDesignwiththeAtmelAVRMicrocontroller:PartI
StevenF.Barrett
2009
iv
EmbeddedSystemsInterfacingforEngineersusingtheFreescaleHCS08Microcontroller
II:DigitalandAnalogHardwareInterfacing
DouglasH.Summerville
2009
DesigningAsynchronousCircuitsusingNULLConventionLogic(NCL)
ScottC.SmithandJiaDi
2009
EmbeddedSystemsInterfacingforEngineersusingtheFreescaleHCS08Microcontroller
I:AssemblyLanguageProgramming
DouglasH.Summerville
2009
DevelopingEmbeddedSoftwareusingDaVinci&OMAPTechnology
B.I.(Raj)Pawate
2009
MismatchandNoiseinModernICProcesses
AndrewMarshall
2009
AsynchronousSequentialMachineDesignandAnalysis:AComprehensiveDevelopment
oftheDesignandAnalysisofClock-IndependentStateMachinesandSystems
RichardF.Tinder
2009
AnIntroductiontoLogicCircuitTesting
ParagK.Lala
2008
PragmaticPower
WilliamJ.Eccles
2008
MultipleValuedLogic:ConceptsandRepresentations
D.MichaelMillerandMitchellA.Thornton
2007
FiniteStateMachineDatapathDesign,Optimization,andImplementation
JustinDavisandRobertReese
2007
AtmelAVRMicrocontrollerPrimer:ProgrammingandInterfacing
StevenF.BarrettandDanielJ.Pack
2007
v
PragmaticLogic
WilliamJ.Eccles
2007
PSpiceforFiltersandTransmissionLines
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforDigitalSignalProcessing
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforAnalogCommunicationsEngineering
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforDigitalCommunicationsEngineering
PaulTobin
2007
PSpiceforCircuitTheoryandElectronicDevices
PaulTobin
2007
PragmaticCircuits:DCandTimeDomain
WilliamJ.Eccles
2006
PragmaticCircuits:FrequencyDomain
WilliamJ.Eccles
2006
PragmaticCircuits:SignalsandFilters
WilliamJ.Eccles
2006
High-SpeedDigitalSystemDesign
JustinDavis
2006
IntroductiontoLogicSynthesisusingVerilogHDL
RobertB.ReeseandMitchellA.Thornton
2006
MicrocontrollersFundamentalsforEngineersandScientists
StevenF.BarrettandDanielJ.Pack
2006
Copyright© 2010byMorgan&Claypool
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin
anyformorbyanymeans—electronic,mechanical,photocopy,recording,oranyotherexceptforbriefquotationsin
printedreviews,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
ArduinoMicrocontroller:ProcessingforEveryone!PartII
StevenF.Barrett
www.morganclaypool.com
ISBN:9781608454372 paperback
ISBN:9781608454884 ebook
DOI10.2200/S00283ED1V01Y201005DCS029
APublicationintheMorgan&ClaypoolPublishersseries
SYNTHESISLECTURESONDIGITALCIRCUITSANDSYSTEMS
Lecture#29
SeriesEditor:MitchellA.Thornton,SouthernMethodistUniversity
SeriesISSN
SynthesisLecturesonDigitalCircuitsandSystems
Print1932-3166 Electronic1932-3174
Arduino Microcontroller
Processing for Everyone!
Part II
Steven F.Barrett
UniversityofWyoming,Laramie,WY
SYNTHESISLECTURESONDIGITALCIRCUITSANDSYSTEMS#29
M
&C Morgan &cLaypool publishers
ABSTRACT
This book is about the Arduino microcontroller and the Arduino concept.The visionary Arduino
teamofMassimoBanzi,DavidCuartielles,TomIgoe,GianlucaMartino,andDavidMellislaunched
anewinnovationinmicrocontrollerhardwarein2005,theconceptofopensourcehardware.Their
approachwastoopenlysharedetailsofmicrocontroller-basedhardwaredesignplatformstostimulate
thesharingofideasandpromoteinnovation.Thisconcepthasbeenpopularinthesoftwareworld
formanyyears.Thisbookisintendedforawidevarietyofaudiencesincludingstudentsofthefine
arts,middleandseniorhighschoolstudents,engineeringdesignstudents,andpracticingscientists
and engineers.To meet this wide audience,the book has been divided into sections to satisfy the
needofeachreader.Thebookcontainsmanysoftwareandhardwareexamplestoassistthereaderin
developing a wide variety of systems.For the examples,the Arduino Duemilanove and the Atmel
ATmega328isemployedasthetargetprocessor.
KEYWORDS
Arduinomicrocontroller,ArduinoDuemilanove,Atmelmicrocontroller,AtmelAVR,
ATmega328,microcontrollerinterfacing,embeddedsystemsdesign
ix
Contents
Preface......................................................................xv
5 AnalogtoDigitalConversion(ADC).........................................97
5.1 Overview.................................................................97
5.2 Sampling,QuantizationandEncoding ......................................98
5.2.1 ResolutionandDataRate 100
5.3 Analog-to-DigitalConversion(ADC)Process..............................101
5.3.1 TransducerInterfaceDesign(TID)Circuit 102
5.3.2 OperationalAmplifiers 103
5.4 ADCConversionTechnologies............................................106
5.4.1 Successive-Approximation 107
5.5 TheAtmelATmega328ADCSystem......................................107
5.5.1 BlockDiagram 109
5.5.2 Registers 109
5.6 ProgrammingtheADCusingtheArduinoDevelopmentEnvironment........112
5.7 ProgrammingtheADCinC..............................................112
5.8 Example:ADCRainGageIndicator.......................................114
5.8.1 ADCRainGageIndicatorusingtheArduinoDevelopment
Environment 114
5.8.2 ADCRainGageIndicatorinC 119
5.8.3 ADCRainGageusingtheArduinoDevelopment
Environment—Revisited 125
5.9 One-bitADC-ThresholdDetector .......................................127
5.10 Digital-to-AnalogConversion(DAC)......................................129
5.10.1DACwiththeArduinoDevelopmentEnvironment 130
5.10.2DACwithexternalconverters 130
5.10.3OctalChannel,8-bitDACviatheSPI 130
x
5.11 Application:Artpieceilluminationsystem–Revisited.......................131
5.12 Summary................................................................134
5.13 References...............................................................135
5.14 ChapterProblems........................................................136
6 InterruptSubsystem ....................................................... 137
6.1 Overview................................................................137
6.2 ATmega328InterruptSystem .............................................138
6.3 InterruptProgramming...................................................140
6.4 ProgrammingInterruptsinCandtheArduinoDevelopmentEnvironment....140
6.4.1 ExternalInterruptProgramming 141
6.4.2 InternalInterruptProgramming 144
6.5 ForegroundandBackgroundProcessing....................................149
6.6 InterruptExamples.......................................................149
6.6.1 RealTimeClockinC 149
6.6.2 RealTimeClockusingtheArduinoDevelopmentEnvironment
153
6.6.3 InterruptDrivenUSARTinC 155
6.7 Summary................................................................166
6.8 References...............................................................166
6.9 ChapterProblems........................................................167
7 TimingSubsystem .........................................................169
7.1 Overview................................................................169
7.2 Timingrelatedterminology ...............................................170
7.2.1 Frequency 170
7.2.2 Period 170
7.2.3 DutyCycle 170
7.3 TimingSystemOverview.................................................170
7.4 Applications.............................................................174
7.4.1 InputCapture—MeasuringExternalTimingEvent 174
7.4.2 CountingEvents 175