Arctic tourism experiences : production, consumption and sustainability

218 Pages·2017·2.51 MB·English

by  Young-Sook Lee

Arctic Tourism Experiences
Production, Consumption and Sustainability
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Arctic Tourism Experiences
Production, Consumption and Sustainability
Edited by
Young-Sook Lee
Tourism & Northern Studies
Faculty of Sports, Tourism and Social Work
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
David B. Weaver
Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management
Gold Coast Campus
Griffith University
Australia
Nina K. Prebensen
University College of South East Norway
and
UiT The Arctic University of Norway
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permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Lee, Young-Sook (Tourism professor), editor. | Weaver, David B. (David Bruce), editor. |
Prebensen, Nina K., editor.
Title: Arctic tourism experiences : production, consumption & sustainability / edited by Young-Sook Lee,
David Weaver & Nina Prebensen.
Description: Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK ; Boston, MA, USA : CABI, 2017. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016045661| ISBN 9781780648620 (hbk : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781780648644 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Tourism--Arctic Regions. | Sustainable tourism--Arctic Regions.
Classification: LCC G155.A726 A73 2017 | DDC 910.911/3--dc23 LC record available at
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016045661
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 862 0
Commissioning editor: Claire Parfitt
Editorial assistant: Emma McCann
Production editor: Tracy Head
Typeset by AMA DataSet, Preston, UK.
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY.
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface xiii
Part i: introduction and issues: tourist exPeriences of the arctic
1 Arctic Destinations and Attractions as Evolving Peripheral Settings for the
Production and Consumption of Peak Tourism Experiences 1
Young-Sook Lee, David B. Weaver and Nina K. Prebensen
2 Experiencing the Arctic in the Past: French Visitors to Finnmark in the Late
1700s and Early 1800s 9
Isabelle Guissard and Young-Sook Lee
3 Roles of Adventure Guides in Balancing Perceptions of Risk and Safety 19
Arild Røkenes and Line Mathisen
4 The Central Role of Identity in the Arctic Periphery 28
Sara Davoudi, Claes Högström and Bård Tronvoll
5 Tourists and Narration in the Arctic: The Changing Experience of Museums 37
Johan Edelheim and Young-Sook Lee
6 World Heritage List = Tourism Attractiveness? 48
Kjell Olsen
Part ii: creating tourist exPeriences in the arctic
7 Degrees of Peripherality in the Production and Consumption of Leisure
Tourism in Greenland 56
David B. Weaver and Laura J. Lawton

v
vi Contents
8 Northern Lights Experiences in the Arctic Dark: Old Imaginaries and New
Tourism Narratives 67
Stein R. Mathisen
9 Exploring the Extreme Iditarod Trail in Alaska 79
Hans Anton Stubberud and Carsten Blom Ruud
10 The Arctic Tourism Experience from an Evolving Chinese Perspective 89
Ming-Feng Huang, Chuanzhong Tang and David B. Weaver
11 Tourists’ Interpretations of a ‘Feelgood In Lapland’ Holiday – A Case Study 100
Raija Komppula
12 Negotiating Sami Place and Identity: Do Scottish Traditions Help Sami to be
More Sami? 109
Beate Bursta
13 Emergence of Experience Production Systems for Mass Tourism Participation
in Peripheral Regions: Evidence from Arctic Scandinavia 119
Peter Fischer
14 Factors of Peripherality: Whale Watching in Northern Norway 130
Giovanna Bertella
15 Responsible Fishing Tourism in the Arctic 140
Nina K. Prebensen and Sølvi Lyngnes
16 Long Way Up: Powered Two-wheeled Journeys in Northern Peripheries 149
Carl Cater
17 Experiences of Marine Adventurers in the Canadian Arctic 159
Margaret E. Johnston, Elsa De Souza and R. Harvey Lemelin
18 Arctic Tourism in Russia: Attractions, Experiences, Challenges and
Potentials 169
Sergey Ilkevich and Per Strömberg
19 Tourism Experiences in Post-Soviet Arctic Borderlands 181
Peter Haugseth and Urban Wråkberg
20 Arctic Tourism Experiences: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Research
Directions for a Changing Periphery 191
Young-Sook Lee, David B. Weaver and Nina K. Prebensen
Index 199
Contributors
About the Editors
Young-Sook Lee was born and educated in South Korea where she received her first degree (BA
in French Literature and Language) from the Catholic University of Korea. She studied in the UK for
her English language training and then in Australia for postgraduate studies. She received her PhD
in Sociology at the University of Queensland in 2003. She held an academic position at Griffith
University, Australia, from 1999 to 2014. During more than 15 years’ service to Griffith, she con-
ducted research on tourism focusing on East Asian cultural philosophy, marketing for East Asian
tourists and understanding East Asian tourists’ behaviour. Dr Lee has contributed to major tourism
journals and books. She developed courses and taught undergraduate and postgraduate students at
Griffith and supervised numerous Honours, Masters and PhD students to successful completion. In
2014, Dr Lee relocated to UiT The Arctic University of Norway, assuming the position of Associate
Professor and Head of the Department of Tourism & Northern Studies. With her research on under-
standing different cultures and lived-experiences of academic systems, she has actively joined the
UiT members, building UiT as one of the hubs for Arctic tourism. In 2004, she served as an adviser
for the Nordic Expert Group. The group presented a public report for sustainable growth in the
Scandinavian Arctic (Norway, Sweden and Finland) for the Prime Minister’s Office of Finland. She
serves as a Global Panel Member of Tourism Experts for the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
Nina Katrine Prebensen has a PhD from the Norwegian School of Economics. She is a Profes-
sor at the University College of South East Norway (HSN) and at UiT The Arctic University of
Norway. Prebensen is head of the Innovation and Management Research Centre at HSN. She is
part of a research project at HSN, ‘Managing Innovation for Value Creation’, in collaboration with
one of the leading industry actors in Norway, Kongsberg Maritime Merchant. She has published
papers in various highly ranked tourism journals. Her research focuses particularly on the tourist
decision and experience processes, where focus is on the co-creation of value for hosts and guests.
For the last six years Prebensen has been one of the leaders in a large research programme, ‘Service
Innovation and Tourist Experiences in the High North: The Co-creation of Value for Consumers,
Firms and the Tourism Industry’, financed by the Norwegian Research Council. The programme
consists of 15 sub-projects, and she is responsible for seven of the projects coming within the topic
of ‘Value Creation in the Tourist Experience’. Her teaching experiences include marketing, tourism
marketing and management, service quality, branding and strategies. Prebensen has been part of

vii
viii Contributors
25 business boards, and has a long history of cooperating with the tourism industry. She is a mem-
ber of review boards and currently co-editor at the Journal of Travel Research.
David B. Weaver received his PhD in Geography from the University of Western Ontario, Canada,
in 1986 and has held academic appointments in Canada, Australia and the USA. He is currently
Professor of Tourism Research at Griffith University, Australia, and has published more than 140
journal articles, book chapters and books. He maintains an active research agenda in sustainable
destination and protected area management, ecotourism, small island tourism, indigenous tourism,
tourism in China, geopolitical dimensions of tourism and resident perceptions of tourism. Current
projects include investigating the willingness of protected area visitors to participate in site enhance-
ment activities, and new perspectives on the core–periphery relationship in tourism. Professor
Weaver has published extensively in leading journals such as Annals of Tourism Research, Tourism
Management, Journal of Travel Research and Journal of Sustainable Tourism. His widely adopted
textbooks include Tourism Management (5th edn with Laura Lawton, Wiley Australia) and Eco-
tourism (Wiley Australia); Encyclopedia of Ecotourism (CABI); and Sustainable Tourism: Theory
and Practice (Taylor & Francis). He is a Fellow of the International Academy for the Study of Tour-
ism and has delivered numerous invited international keynote addresses on innovative tourism
management topics. He has worked with organizations such as the World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO) and Pacific Asia Tourism Association (PATA) as an expert adviser.
About the Authors
Giovanna Bertella is Associate Professor at the School of Business and Economics, UiT The
Arctic University of Norway. She received her PhD about learning and networking in tourism from
the Department of Sociology, Political Science and Community Planning at UiT. Her research inter-
ests are: small-scale tourism, food tourism, rural tourism, nature-based tourism, animal-based tour-
ism, active tourism, entrepreneurship, experience design, event management, knowledge and
networks. She has published and reviewed several papers in international journals and is a member
of the editorial board of Gastronomy and Tourism.
Carsten Blom Ruud served as the Dean at Buskerud University College before retiring in 2012.
He lives in Jevnaker, a small city north of Oslo. As a researcher, he was in the field of pedagogy.
During 2003–2004 he spent a year at the University of Alaska Fairbanks as a visiting professor, con-
ducting research on ‘Native Education’. He has been skiing and mushing in Norway for many years,
and taken part in many races. In 1997, on skis with a six-dog team, he completed a cross-country ski
from southern to northern Norway, a distance of approximately 1500 miles. Today, he enjoys a great
deal of cross-country skiing led by a team of eight dogs, as well as other outdoor activities.
Beate Bursta is Assistant Professor at the Department of Tourism and Northern Studies, UiT The
Arctic University of Norway. She obtained a Masters in Visual Cultural Studies at the University of
Tromsø and has mainly focused on northern Norway for her research and film projects, which all
have a connection to life in the northern periphery and/or to Sami matters. In particular, she has
been interested in the issues of place and identity. She has directed several documentaries and
participated in other film projects in the region, as well as creating some websites. She has also
participated in the creation of an exhibition on Sea Sami history, culture and society, and a Sami
costume show. In this way, she constantly mediates academic knowledge and general audiences in
society through various artistic objects and productions – her field of research interest.
Carl Cater is a Senior Lecturer in tourism at Aberystwyth University, Wales, and his research cen-
tres on the experiential turn in tourism and the subsequent growth of special-interest sectors,
Contributors ix
particularly adventure tourism and ecotourism. He has undertaken field research, supervision and
teaching worldwide, including Australia, China, Malta, Nepal, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New
Guinea, Tibet and Vanuatu. He has worked on projects for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authority, New South Wales Department of Education, the World Tourism and Travel Council,
Gold Coast City Council, the Gold Coast Adventure Travel Group, Tourism Queensland and the
Tourism Society. He is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, a qualified pilot, diver, lifesaver,
mountain and tropical forest leader (and motorcyclist!), and maintains an interest in both the prac-
tice and pursuit of sustainable outdoor tourism activity. He has written more than 40 papers and
book chapters, is co-author of Marine Ecotourism: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea
(CABI, 2007) and the Encyclopedia of Sustainable Tourism (CABI, 2015), and is an editorial board
member of Tourism Geographies, Journal of Ecotourism and Tourism in Marine Environments.
Sara Davoudi is a Licentiate and PhD candidate at the Service Research Center (CTF) and the
Service and Market Oriented Transport (SAMOT) Research Group at Karlstad University, Karlstad,
Sweden. Her interests include theory generation in management and governance research. Sara’s
previous research has been published in Public Management Review.
Elsa De Souza is a student of the environment and has been working in Arctic tourism since 2012
with a focus on the patterns of pleasure craft tourism in the Canadian Arctic. Elsa has a BA (Hons)
degree in Environmental Studies and Geography from Trent University, Canada (2008) and a
Masters in Environmental Studies on nature-based recreation and tourism from Lakehead Univer-
sity, Canada (2015). Elsa is keeping up to date with pleasure craft tourism in the Canadian Arctic
and has plans to further her career in the environmental and tourism sector.
Behind most of Johan Edelheim’s research lies a deeply rooted aim for humanism and equality.
He looks at society and events with a purpose to highlight inequality in order to bring issues to
common awareness. These matters of inequality can be found in all fields of studies and a con-
scious use of different theoretical lenses allows him to investigate matters in novel ways. The major-
ity of his studies focus in different ways on tourism, hospitality, leisure, education and society
– quite often using different popular culture sources as the data collection sites. He prefers qualita-
tive methods, though he sees the need for well-performed quantitative studies to inform decision
makers of generalizable matters. He uses narrative, content and critical discourse analysis method-
ologies, as well as post-Husserlian phenomenology. In looking at publications he has produced,
three distinct categories can be distinguished: (i) culturally critical tourism and hospitality studies;
(ii) tourism and hospitality education studies; and (iii) clarifications of tourism and hospitality
concepts.
Peter Fischer is an Assistant Professor at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Campus Alta,
Department of Tourism and Northern Studies. Fischer holds a master’s degree in Philosophy
from Humboldt University in Berlin and an MSc from the Department of Tourism at Finnmark
University College in Norway. He is teaching Entrepreneurship and Innovation and acting as
manager of cross-border education projects in entrepreneurship with Finnish and Russian univer-
sities in the European North. His particular interest is cooperation networks of competing tourism
enterprises.
Isabelle Guissard originally comes from France and has a PhD in Scandinavian languages from
the University Paris IV Sorbonne. Her PhD thesis was about the Sami minority in Norway, espe-
cially on the policy of assimilation implemented in the northern part of Norway (Finnmark County)
between the 18th and the 20th century. Isabelle has published articles about the Sami minority of
Norway. Today, she works as a senior adviser in the division of research administration internation-
alization at the Faculty of Sports, Tourism and Social Work at the UiT The Arctic University of
Norway, Campus Alta.