Architectures and dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms for next generation optical access ...

308 Pages·2014·3.58 MB·English

Architectures and Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithms
for Next Generation Optical Access Networks
Abhishek Dixit
Promotoren: prof. dr. ir. D. Colle, dr. ir. B. Lannoo
Proefschrift ingediend tot het behalen van de graad van
Doctor in de Ingenieurswetenschappen: Computerwetenschappen
Vakgroep Informatietechnologie
Voorzitter: prof. dr. ir. D. De Zutter
Faculteit Ingenieurswetenschappen en Architectuur
Academiejaar 2014 - 2015
ISBN 978-90-8578-743-3
NUR 986, 988
Wettelijk depot: D/2014/10.500/89
Ghent University
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture
Department of Information Technology

Promoters: Prof. Didier Colle
Dr. Bart Lannoo

Jury members: Prof. Luc Taerwe, Ghent University (Chairman)
Prof. Mario Pickavet, Ghent University (Secretary)
Prof. Didier Colle, Ghent University (Supervisor)
Dr. Bart Lannoo, Ghent University (Supervisor)
Dr. Björn Skubic, Ericsson Research
Dr. Wouter Tavernier, Ghent University
Dr. Luca Valcarenghi, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa
Prof. Joris Walraevens, Ghent University

Ghent University
Faculty of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Information technology
Gaston Crommenlaan 8, bus 201
B-9050 Ghent, Belgium

Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Web: http://www.intec.ugent.be
Dissertation to obtain the degree of
Doctor of Computer Science Engineering
Academic year 2014-2015

Acknowledgements
Finally, the four years of avoiding real world are going to be over. The pursuit
of a PhD is never easy, rather full of Herculean and arduous challenges.
Thankfully, there are many people around you, who support you directly or
indirectly.
First, I would like to thank my supervisors, Prof. Didier Colle and Dr. Bart
Lannoo, for the immense support and help that they extended in critically
reviewing my work, for providing great research ideas, and for keeping me
motivated throughout. Without their excellent guidance and support, both at a
professional and at a personal level, it would not have been possible for me to
have a successful research work. I believe that their continuous support will
always be there for me throughout my future career.
I am also deeply grateful to Prof. Mario Pickavet and Prof. Piet Demeester,
who have given me an opportunity to work at iMinds. Their efforts have created
an excellent environment for PhD students to outshine. Not only this, but your
feedback and support at all difficult times, have been very valuable; and I am
indeed very grateful for this.
I also thank jury members − Prof. Luc Taerwe, Dr. Björn Skubic, Dr. Luca
Valcarenghi, Dr. Wouter Tavernier, and Prof. Joris Walraevens − for thoroughly
evaluating my work and for their valuable comments on my PhD thesis.
I would also like to thank my colleagues – Koen, Sofie, Marlies − and other
partners from the FP7 OASE project; the useful discussions and brainstorming at
the project have always provided very useful insights.
I would also like to thank my all other co-authors − Jiajia, Lena, Mozhgan,
Goutam, Chayan, Marlies, and Sofie − whose co-operation and support was
indeed very helpful. Thank you all for your valuable feedback and efforts! I
would also especially like to thank Goutam, whose support in the initial years of
PhD has helped me immeasurably. I would also thank Prof. Anand Srivastava
and Prof. Norvold Stol for the interesting discussions we had during my PhD.
I express my gratitude to Ghent University for providing me the platform to
successfully carry out my research work, and to all the members of IBCN
research group for providing me useful feedbacks, both on how to deal with the
ii Acknowledgements
new culture and on how to handle PhD. I would also like to thank the secretariat
– Martine and Davinia − and other staff members at IBCN who have made my
stay comfortable and pleasant.
I would also like to thank my office colleagues − Wouter, Sachin, Sahel,
Dimitri, Sander, Thijs, Maarten, Ludwig, Rodrigo, Sofie, Ward, Sofie, Bart,
Willem, Florian, Farhan, Krishnan, Prashant, Selva, Elizabeth, and Arun, −
whose company at lunch, at discussions, and at get-togethers, kept me spirited.
You all are special part of my life, people in the same boat as me, and thus
connecting to you was and will always be special. Sachin, thanks for helping me
in several ways, and for teaching me to cook Indian food. Sahel, for introducing
me to the Iranian culture, thank you. Dimitri − bike trips, chess games, and that
you took all the pain to travel to as far as India for my marriage − was special for
me. Sander, for Turkish lunches, and Wouter, for Soup-bar, thank you. Thijs, for
introducing me to the Belgian weddings, and Maarten and Ludwig, for
interesting lunchtime gossips, thank you. Ward and Sofie, special thanks for
motivating me to be more green-aware, I come to office by bike now!
Besides, there are many friends from Cricket – Ark, Ashok, Aditya, Ananth,
Amit, Karthik, Manan, Prasoon, Praveen, Sandeep, Sameer, Sanjeev, Shailesh,
Sarvagya, Vishvas, and others − and from other social gatherings – Nandini
(special thanks for organizing the defense), Sachin, Chetna, Kirti, Vatsala,
Kaustav, Chetan, Sharoni, Lalithya, Namrata, Kamalpreet, Pankaj, Aditya, and
Dinesh − who have been my second family, and who have never allowed me to
feel away from home. Playing Cricket on every Saturday with you has kept me
fit and motivated to work rigorously for the rest of the week. I also enjoyed
dinning with you almost every other day. In this context, I would also thank
Uncle Mario, especially Sandeep ji, for making such delicious food for us. I also
thank my childhood friend Mudit, who came to meet me several times, and took
many pictures of me. I wish you good luck, as soon you will be a father.
This acknowledgment will be incomplete if I fail to mention my entire family:
parents, sisters, brothers-in-law, nephews, nieces, and my wife. I am grateful to
my parents for their education and support; it is to my parents that I dedicate this
PhD. You have been the real mentor of my emotions, my character and me. My
sisters and brothers-in-law, it was your love, support, blessings, and WhatsApp
jokes that I was never far from home. My sweet nephews and nieces, sometimes
most valuable lessons of life are hidden in the simplicity of your smiles, and in
your ability to live life stress free. Finally, I am grateful to my wife, Richa, for
her patience, love and understanding, all throughout my life. I am blessed that I
have you, and now I can walk on any journey for you are by my side.

Ghent, October 2014
Abhishek.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements .............................................................................................. i
Table of Contents ............................................................................................... iii
List of Figures .................................................................................................... ix
List of Tables ..................................................................................................... xv
List of Acronyms ............................................................................................. xvii
Samenvatting .................................................................................................. xxiii
Summary ........................................................................................................ xxix
1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Fixed access network ............................................................................. 2
1.1.1 Bandwidth and data-rates requirements .............................................. 4
1.1.2 Physical media .................................................................................... 4
1.1.3 Evolution of fixed access networks ..................................................... 5
1.2 Optical access network architectures ................................................... 8
1.2.1 Optical communication link ................................................................ 9
1.2.2 Optical access network architectures ................................................. 11
1.3 Evolution strategies for next generation optical access networks.... 18
1.3.1 Design requirements .......................................................................... 19
1.3.2 Evolution trend .................................................................................. 24
1.4 Medium access control (MAC) protocols and dynamic bandwidth
allocation (DBA) algorithms ............................................................................ 25
1.4.1 Medium access control protocol ........................................................ 26
1.4.2 Dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithms ........................................ 27
1.5 Overview of this work ......................................................................... 31
1.6 Publications .......................................................................................... 34
1.6.1 A1 publications referenced in the science citation index .................. 34
1.6.2 P1 publications referenced in conf. proc. citation index .................. 35
iv Table of Contents
1.6.3 C1 publications international conferences ........................................ 36
1.6.4 C3 publications national conferences ............................................... 37
References .......................................................................................................... 38
2 Delay Models in Ethernet Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks ............ 43
2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 44
2.2 Delay models for Poisson traffic ......................................................... 46
2.2.1 Delay modeling ................................................................................. 46
2.2.2 Analytical and simulation results ...................................................... 58
2.3 Delay models for Pareto distributed bursty sources ......................... 61
2.3.1 Delay modeling ................................................................................. 61
2.3.2 Analytical and simulation results ...................................................... 65
2.4 Conclusions .......................................................................................... 65
2.5 References ............................................................................................ 66
3 Synergized-Adaptive Multi-GATE Polling with Void filling:
Overcoming Performance Degradation in LR-PONs ...................... 69
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 70
3.2 Long reach PON: degradation effects ................................................ 72
3.3 Overcoming delay degradation........................................................... 78
3.4 Synergized-adaptive multi-gate polling with void filling .................. 82
3.4.1 Basic idea .......................................................................................... 82
3.4.2 Bandwidth reporting scheme ............................................................. 85
3.4.3 Grant-sizing ....................................................................................... 87
3.5 Literature comparison and overview ................................................. 87
3.5.1 Comparison: ...................................................................................... 88
3.5.2 Other important works ...................................................................... 89
3.6 Results ................................................................................................... 90
3.6.1 Algorithm study ................................................................................ 90
3.6.2 Comparative study............................................................................. 92
3.6.3 Bandwidth reporting schemes ........................................................... 96
3.7 Conclusions .......................................................................................... 98
References .......................................................................................................... 98
4 Energy Efficient Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for Ethernet
Passive Optical Networks: Overview, Challenges, and
Solutions ............................................................................................ 105
4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 106
4.2 Overview of low power mode in EPONs .......................................... 107