Architectural Drawing Course Tools and Techniques for 2D and 3D Representation

147 Pages·2008·26.39 MB·English

by  Mo Zell

ARCHITECTURAL
dRAwIng
CoURsE
Tools and Techniques for
2d and 3d Representation
Mo ZELL

ArchitecturAl DrAWiNG
course

Mo Zell
ArchitecturAl
DrAWiNG course
A QUARTO BOOK Contents
Foreword 6
First edition for North America
published in 2008 by About this book 8
Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
Copyright © 2008 Quarto Publishing plc
1
C
hapter
All rights reserved. No part of this book
may be reproduced in any form, by photostat,
Architectural language 10
microfilm, xerography, or any other means,
or incorporated into any information retrieval
system, electronic or mechanical, without the Unit 1 What is architecture? 12
written permission of the copyright owner.
Unit 2 Representation and drawing 14
All inquiries should be addressed to: Unit 3 Representational intention 16
Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.
250 Wireless Boulevard Unit 4 Types of drawing 20
Hauppauge, NY 11788 Unit 5 Models as representations 24
www.barronseduc.com
Unit 6 Who is the audience? 28
Library of Congress Catalog Card No.:
Unit 7 Concept 30
2007941877
Unit 8 Tools for success 32
ISBN-10: 0-7641-3814-6
ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-3814-0
2
QUAR. ADE C
hapter
Conceived, designed, and produced by
Learning to see: sketching 36
Quarto Publishing plc
The Old Brewery
6 Blundell Street Unit 9 Sketching types 38
London N7 9BH
Unit 10 Sketching techniques 40
Unit 11 Sketching media 42
Senior Editor Liz Dalby
Copy Editor Ilona Jasiewicz Unit 12 Sketching the line 46
Unit 13 Selecting an object 48
Art Director Caroline Guest
Designer Karin Skånberg Unit 14 Figure drawing 50
Photographer Evan Witek
Picture Research Claudia Tate
3
Creative Director Moira Clinch Chapter
Publisher Paul Carslake
Orthographic projection 52
Colour separation by Modern Age
Repro House Ltd., Hong Kong Unit 15 Plan, section, and elevation 54
Printed by SNP Leefung Printers Unit 16 Composite representations 62
Limited, China
Unit 17 Modeling techniques 64
Unit 18 Construction: Dürer’s alphabet 68
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4
C
hapter
Objective abstraction: axonometric 72
Unit 19 Introduction to axonometric 74
Unit 20 Spatial overlap and complex spaces 76
Unit 21 Introduction to analysis 78
Unit 22 Introduction to El Lissitzky 80
5
C
hapter
Subjective representation: perspective 82
Unit 23 Perspective concepts 84
Portfolio Presenting perspective 86
Unit 24 Two-point perspective 88
Unit 25 One-point perspective 94
Unit 26 Finishing a perspective 98
Unit 27 Architectural element design: opening 100
Unit 28 The kit of parts 104
6
C
hapter
Dynamic rendering strategies 106
Unit 29 Rendering techniques 108
Unit 30 Charcoal drawing 110
Unit 31 Shade and shadow 112
Unit 32 Color, collage, and composition 114
Unit 33 Addition and subtraction 118
Glossary 136
7
Chapter Timeline 138
Resources 140
Accessing the profession 124
Index 142
Credits 144
Unit 34 A career in architecture 126
Unit 35 Manual vs. digital representation 128
Unit 36 Your portfolio 130
Unit 37 Internships 134

Foreword
Architecture is an intellectual and physical endeavor. Much like the process of architectural design, the
That is, architecture is the amalgamation of intention (idea) approach of this book is cumulative in nature. Skills are
with iteration (the process of problem solving with each taught incrementally and build upon prior exercises.
investigation building upon the preceding one) manifest in
a building or space. Architects illustrate and study their Architectural representations are utilized both for
intentions and ideas through drawings and models. These processing ideas and documenting those ideas for
architectural representations exemplify a visual language presentation. They are both a means to an end and an
with rules, conventions, and meanings. These visual tools end in themselves. Ideas conceptualized in your head
convey ideas, reinforce concepts, and otherwise try to need to be translated onto paper so that they can be
persuade others. They are essential tools for designing, tested. When ideas are manifest in physical form (on
describing, and exploring your surrounding environment. paper or as a model), those ideas are forced to address
questions. By physically representing your ideas, you can
This book is an introduction to the visual language of begin to see them for what they are, make changes, and
architectural representation. It is intended to familiarize revise them. When you draw or build your ideas you can
readers with basic concepts of architecture through a react to them physically and visually, but when they are
series of design exercises that develop necessary skill isolated in thought you can only react to them
sets supplemented with examples, references, and conceptually. This suggests a process of recording all of
research recommendations. It will challenge your your thoughts and ideas in a physical manner. While
preconceptions about architecture while enabling you to making representations of your ideas, ask yourself the
become critical of your built environment. This book question “why?” Why this size, this shape, this many, and
explores architectural representation from the point of view so on. At the end of the iterative process, these models
of a designer. It is a foundation course book that is ideal and drawings are finalized and presented for
for someone who is debating about attending architecture particular audiences.
school, starting at architecture school, or generally
interested in the creative aspects of architectural design. Architecture is taught through design, process, and
technique. With the use of precedents, background
Through a series of three-dimensional design problems, information, clear instruction, examples, and exercises,
the reader will explore issues of proportion/scale, this book will have you investigating your surroundings by
space/volume, composition/sequence, and material/ being a curious observer. The goal is to urge you to
texture while simultaneously learning the language of think and see spatially, in three dimensions.
architectural representation. In addition, a series of
exercises that explain the process of conceptualizing
architectural ideas and how to represent those ideas in
both drawings and models is provided.
7
About this book
This book is divided into seven chapters that cover architectural representational This book also includes professional examples of architectural projects. These real-
techniques supplemented by design problems based on a college-level beginning life scenarios demonstrate building techniques and materials that impact design
design curriculum. Within each chapter the process of design is emphasized. Each decisions. Case studies show different designers’ interpretations of a range of
chapter is further broken down into units that include step-by-step tutorials to project statements. You will also find professional advice about entering the
explain the processes of representation. Hands-on exercises allow you to practice architecture profession and what to expect when you get there. Common myths
and refine your new skills, from the conceptualization of a space to visualizing it about architecture will also be dispelled.
two- and three-dimensionally to describing it through sections, elevations, and
fully-realized perspective drawings.
Advice
Advice boxes are interspersed
throughout the book to provide
additional observations and instruction
related to architectural design.
Read this!/websites
Drawing techniques, research methods,
Reading material and useful websites
and comparative assessment are all
will be referenced for a variety of units
found here.
in the book.
UNIT: 1
What is architecture?
Read this! The studio course
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over 100 projects throughout
Europe and North America.
(cid:31) Architecture or building?
The application of aesthetic
considerations distinguishes You should defi ne architecture include graphic and information
architecture from building. This defi nition for yourself—now, and then again design. Frank Lloyd Wright, for
recognizes that there is a distinction after reading this book. This example, in many of his houses,
between a shed and a cathedral. question is left open to allow you designed every aspect, down to
to modulate and transform your the furniture and the cutlery. He was
own defi nition of architecture as even known to return to his clients’
The following defi nitions of architecture were “Architecture is the design of buildings and landscapes “Architecture is the process of taking a concept or you read the book and continue homes and move the furniture back
suggested by a group of new students: with the intentions of being both aesthetically pleasing function and giving life to it structurally.” your architectural education. to its original placements.
and functional.” A. Brown
“Architecture is structures built for human needs. Being B. Pierson The design of the built environment Architects design buildings,
an architect is having the spirit to build for people.” “Architecture is an expression of an artist’s beliefs, takes on many forms and scales. spaces, campuses, landscapes, (cid:30) The studio environment
T. Wen “Architecture is the poetry in building in which feelings, or surroundings through a structure, Over many centuries, architects and even entire cities. Regardless Students work best in a studio environment, at
communities are reinterpreted and refi ned in varying landscape, or object.” have taken on the role of of the nature of the setting—urban, individual desks in dedicated spaces. In many studios
“Architecture is the design of spaces that can be degrees. However, it must maintain its purpose in its B. Newell architectural designer, landscape rural, or suburban—buildings have drawing boards sit adjacent to computers to allow for
fundamental and beautiful.” design for human use.” designer, urban designer, product a context. In designing architecture transition between analog and digital media.
L. Miggins K. Patterson designer, and furniture designer. at all scales, the architect should
The scope of work available to recognize this context both
architects has even grown to physically and intellectually.
12 CHAPTER 1: Architectural language UNIT 1: What is architecture? 13
Biographies
These parts provide opportunities to
highlight an important figure in architecture.
8 Introduction