Architecting the Telecommunication Evolution: Toward Converged Network Services

454 Pages·2006·19.51 MB·English

by  Vijay K. Gurbani

INTRODUCTION
TO MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS
AU4653.indb 1 3/23/07 2:19:00 AM
OTHER TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOOKS FROM AUERBACH
Architecting the Telecommunication Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile,
Evolution: Toward Converged Network and Pervasive Computing
Services Yang Xiao
Vijay K. Gurbani and Xian-He Sun ISBN: 0-8493-7921-0
ISBN: 0-8493-9567-4
TCP Performance over
Business Strategies for the UMTS-HSDPA Systems
Next-Generation Network Mohamad Assaad and Djamal Zeghlache
Nigel Seel ISBN: 0-8493-6838-3
ISBN: 0-8493-8035-9
Testing Integrated QoS of VoIP:
Chaos Applications in Telecommunications Packets to Perceptual Voice Quality
Peter Stavroulakis Vlatko Lipovac
ISBN: 0-8493-3832-8 ISBN: 0-8493-3521-3
Context-Aware Pervasive Systems: The Handbook of Mobile Middleware
Architectures for a New Breed of Paolo Bellavista and Antonio Corradi
Applications ISBN: 0-8493-3833-6
Seng Loke
ISBN: 0-8493-7255-0 Traffic Management in IP-Based
Communications
Fundamentals of DSL Technology Trinh Anh Tuan
Philip Golden, Herve Dedieu, Krista S Jacobsen ISBN: 0-8493-9577-1
ISBN: 0-8493-1913-7
Understanding Broadband over
Introduction to Mobile Communications: Power Line
Technology,, Services, Markets Gilbert Held
Tony Wakefield, Dave McNally, David Bowler, ISBN: 0-8493-9846-0
Alan Mayne
ISBN: 1-4200-4653-5 Understanding IPTV
Gilbert Held
IP Multimedia Subsystem: Service ISBN: 0-8493-7415-4
Infrastructure to Converge NGN,
3G and the Internet WiMAX: A Wireless Technology
Rebecca Copeland Revolution
ISBN: 0-8493-9250-0 G.S.V. Radha Krishna Rao, G. Radhamani
ISBN: 0-8493-7059-0
MPLS for Metropolitan Area Networks
Nam-Kee Tan WiMAX: Taking Wireless to the MAX
ISBN: 0-8493-2212-X Deepak Pareek
ISBN: 0-8493-7186-4
Performance Modeling and Analysis of
Bluetooth Networks: Polling,
Wireless Mesh Networking:
Scheduling, and Traffic Control
Architectures, Protocols
Jelena Misic and Vojislav B Misic
and Standards
ISBN: 0-8493-3157-9
Yan Zhang, Jijun Luo and Honglin Hu
ISBN: 0-8493-7399-9
A Practical Guide to Content
Delivery Networks
Wireless Mesh Networks
Gilbert Held
Gilbert Held
ISBN: 0-8493-3649-X
ISBN: 0-8493-2960-4
Resource, Mobility, and Security
Management in Wireless Networks
and Mobile Communications
Yan Zhang, Honglin Hu, and Masayuki Fujise
ISBN: 0-8493-8036-7
AUERBACH PUBLICATIONS
www.auerbach-publications.com
To Order Call: 1-800-272-7737 • Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
AU4653.indb 2 3/23/07 2:19:00 AM
INTRODUCTION
TO MOBILE
COMMUNICATIONS
Technology, Services, Markets
Tony Wakefield
Dave McNally
David Bowler
Alan Mayne
Boca Raton New York
Auerbach Publications is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
AU4653.indb 3 3/23/07 2:19:00 AM
Auerbach Publications
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487‑2742
© 2007 by Informa Telecoms & Media
Auerbach is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number‑10: 1‑4200‑4653‑5 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑1‑4200‑4653‑3 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted
material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are
listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author
and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the conse‑
quences of their use.
No part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying,
microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written
permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.
copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC)
222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978‑750‑8400. CCC is a not‑for‑profit organization that
provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a
photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and
are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Wakefield, Tony.
Introduction to mobile communications : technology, services, markets / Tony
Wakefield.
p. cm. ‑‑ (Informa telecoms & media)
ISBN 1‑4200‑4653‑5 (alk. paper)
1. Mobile communication systems. 2. Cellular telephone services
industry‑‑Marketing. I. Title.
TK6570.M6W35 2007
621.3845‑‑dc22 2006047941
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the Auerbach Web site at
http://www.auerbach‑publications.com
AU4653.indb 4 3/23/07 2:19:01 AM
Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................xi
Acronyms.....................................................................................................xiii
  1  The.Mobile.Telecommunications.Market................................................1
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................2
1.1.1 An Introduction to Telecommunications ..................................2
The Telecommunications World ...........................................2
The Evolution of Telecommunications .................................3
Telecommunications Today ..................................................5
Review Questions .................................................................6
1.1.2 Types of Networks....................................................................7
Introduction to Telecommunications Networks ...................7
Fixed Communication Networks .........................................7
Mobile Communication Networks ....................................11
Defining Areas of the Network ..........................................15
Review Questions ...............................................................20
1.1.3 Services and the User Perspective ...........................................21
Access to Network Services ................................................21
The Changing Nature of Services .......................................21
Increasing Service Needs ....................................................22
Telecommunications Services .............................................23
Network and Product Branding .........................................28
Review Questions ...............................................................31
1.1.4 Review Questions ...................................................................32
1.2 The Mobile Market ...........................................................................33
1.2.1 Segmenting the Market ..........................................................33
Mobile Market Sectors .......................................................33
Operators in the Telecommunications Market ...................33
Radio Access, Core Networks, and Supporting Systems....44
OSS, BSS, and MSS ...........................................................49
Review Questions ...............................................................50

AU4653.indb 5 3/23/07 2:19:01 AM
i  n  Contents
1.2.2 Handset Market .....................................................................50
Low-Cost Handsets ............................................................51
Handset Complexity and Features .....................................52
Examples of Mobile Devices ..............................................53
1.3 Current Mobile Technologies and Markets .......................................54
1.3.1 Current Mobile Technologies .................................................54
Mobile Generations ............................................................54
GPRS and EDGE ..............................................................59
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Technologies .....61
Evolving to 3G Systems ......................................................62
1.3.2 Global Mobile Markets ..........................................................65
Market Overview: China ...................................................65
Western Europe ..................................................................68
United States ......................................................................69
Review Questions ...............................................................72
1.3.3 World Market Forecasts .........................................................73
Subscription and Penetration Forecasts ..............................73
Technology Forecasts .........................................................74
ARPU Forecasts .................................................................76
Review Questions ...............................................................78
1.3.4 Looking Ahead .......................................................................79
2G: A Changing Market ....................................................79
General Trends in Telecommunications .............................79
Influential Factors in the Evolution of Mobile Services .....80
Mobile Internet in 2G ........................................................81
Future Mobile Service Needs ............................................81
Technology for the Future ..................................................82
Review Questions ...............................................................88
1.4 Standards and Regulations ...............................................................89
1.4.1 Standards and Standards Bodies .............................................89
Benefits of a Standard........................................................90
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ................91
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) ...........................................................................91
Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ....................91
Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) ...............92
UMTS Forum ....................................................................92
The GSM Association .........................................................93
The European Conference of Postal and
Telecommunications Administration (CEPT) ...............93
The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) ........94
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ..........94
The CDMA Development Group .......................................95
AU4653.indb 6 3/23/07 2:19:01 AM
Contents  n  ii
The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses
(ARIB) .........................................................................95
Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) ..........96
Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) .........96
The Wi-Fi Alliance .............................................................96
The WiMAX Forum™ ........................................................97
Review Questions ...............................................................97
1.4.2 Telecommunications Regulations ...........................................98
The Need for Telecom Regulation ......................................98
Benefits of Regulation to the Consumer .............................99
Objectives of National Regulatory Authorities .................100
Case Study of a National Regulator: Ofcom ....................101
Regulators of the World ...................................................102
Data Protection and User Privacy.....................................102
Review Questions .............................................................104
2  Technology.Principles:.The.Basics.of.Telecommunications................105
2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................106
2.1.1 The Basics of Telecommunications .......................................106
Telecommunications: A Definition ..................................106
Review Questions .............................................................111
2.1.2 Explaining the Principles ......................................................111
Services and Applications .................................................111
Value-Added Services .......................................................115
Review Questions .............................................................118
Review Questions .............................................................127
Switching .........................................................................128
Review Questions .............................................................133
Signaling and Control ......................................................134
Billing ..............................................................................138
Networking Principles ......................................................143
Review Questions .............................................................144
2.1.3 Review Questions .................................................................145
Practice Questions ............................................................146
2.2 Information Transfer ......................................................................150
2.2.1 Representing Information ....................................................150
Characteristics of a Waveform ..........................................150
Analog Signals ..................................................................151
Digital Signals ..................................................................152
The Frequency Spectrum ..................................................154
Propagation, Attenuation, and Noise ...............................155
Review Questions .............................................................157
AU4653.indb 7 3/23/07 2:19:02 AM
iii  n  Contents
2.2.2 Modulation ..........................................................................158
Modulation Techniques ...................................................158
Example Modulation Scheme:
Analog Frequency Modulation ....................................159
Pulse Code Modulation ...................................................160
Review Questions .............................................................163
2.2.3 Channels: Organizing the Information ................................163
Channel Bandwidth .........................................................164
Channel Errors .................................................................165
Interleaving ......................................................................167
Multiplexing Channels .....................................................167
Review Questions .............................................................169
2.2.4 Example Transmission Systems: Implementing the
Concepts ..............................................................................170
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) .......177
Analog and Digital Subscriber Loop ................................178
Review Questions .............................................................180
2.2.5 Review Question ..................................................................181
Practice Questions ............................................................182
2.3 Radio and Cellular Systems ............................................................185
2.3.1 Radio Systems ......................................................................185
Example Radio Systems ...................................................190
Review Questions .............................................................192
2.3.2 The Cellular Concept: Mobile Network Basics .....................192
Cell Planning ...................................................................199
Review Questions .............................................................203
2.3.3 GSM, GPRS, and EDGE ....................................................204
Review Questions .............................................................210
2.3.4 CDMA-Based Systems .........................................................211
Review Questions .............................................................217
2.3.5 Review Questions .................................................................218
Practice Questions ............................................................219
3  Mobile.Network.Infrastructure.and.Supporting.Systems...................223
3.1 Mobile Network .............................................................................224
3.1.1 The Overall System ..............................................................224
The Requirements ............................................................224
Architecture and Procedures in the GSM Family
of Technologies ............................................................224
Review Questions .............................................................229
3.1.2 The User Equipment and Radio Access Network .................229
The GSM Radio Network Elements (BSS) .......................232
AU4653.indb 8 3/23/07 2:19:02 AM
Contents  n  ix
Review Questions .............................................................240
3.1.3 Circuit-Switched and Packet-Switched Core Networks ........240
Core Network Requirements ............................................240
The Packet-Switched Domain .........................................244
Signaling and Control in the Core Network ....................245
Review Questions .............................................................248
3.1.4 Section Review Questions ....................................................249
3.2 Mobile Network Procedures ...........................................................253
3.2.1 Example GSM Procedures ....................................................253
GSM Procedures ..............................................................253
Review Questions .............................................................259
3.2.2 Making Calls........................................................................261
Calls to Mobile Networks ................................................261
Calls from Mobile Networks ............................................261
3.2.3 Example: GPRS Procedures .................................................261
Review Questions ............................................................266
3.2.4 Procedure Sequences ............................................................267
3.2.5 Radio Resources ..................................................................268
Radio Resource Procedures for GSM, GPRS, and
EDGE ........................................................................268
Review Questions .............................................................272
3.2.6 Section 2 Review Questions .................................................273
3.3 Supporting Systems .......................................................................277
3.3.1 Service Platforms — General...............................................277
Service Platforms .............................................................277
Review Questions ............................................................286
3.3.2 Messaging Platforms.............................................................287
Voicemail Platforms .........................................................287
Review Questions .............................................................291
3.3.3 Accessing the Internet ..........................................................292
Methods for Accessing the Internet ..................................292
Review Questions .............................................................295
3.3.4 Intelligent Networks and CAMEL .......................................296
Introduction to Intelligent Networks (INs) ......................296
CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile
Networks Enhanced Logic) .........................................298
Review Questions .............................................................301
3.3.5 Operational and Business Support Systems
(OSS and BSS) and Billing ...................................................302
Operational Support System (OSS) ..................................302
Review Questions .............................................................307
3.3.6 Section 3 Review Questions ................................................308
AU4653.indb 9 3/23/07 2:19:02 AM