Table Of ContentArchaeology in South Carolina
Archaeology in South Carolina
EDITED BY
Exploring the Hidden Heritage of the Palmetto State Adam King
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS
Archaeology in South Carolina
EDITED BY
Exploring the Hidden Heritage of the Palmetto State Adam King
THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA PRESS
© 2016 Archaeological Research Trust of the South Carolina
Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology
Published by the University of South Carolina Press
Columbia, South Carolina 29208
www.sc.edu/uscpress
26 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
can be found at http://catalog.loc.gov/
ISBN: 978-1-61117-608-7 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-1-61117-609-4 (ebook)
CONTENTS
L IST OF COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS vi | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii | INTRODUCTION ix
The Search for the Earliest Humans in Charleston: Archaeology of South Carolina’s Colonial Capital ...115
the Land Recently Called South Carolina........................1 MARTHA A. ZIERDEN
ALBERT C. GOODYEAR III
The Submarine H. L. Hunley: Confederate Innovation
The Multicultural Genesis of Stallings Culture..................14 and Southern Icon .........................................136
KENNETH E. SASSAMAN STEVEN D. SMITH
Foragers, Farmers, and Chiefs: The Woodland and Exploring the United States Naval Legacy in South Carolina ....154
Mississippian Periods in the Middle Savannah River Valley......34 CHRISTOPHER F. AMER AND JAMES D. SPIREK
ADAM KING AND KEITH STEPHENSON
Archaeology and Public Education on the Great
Carolina’s Southern Frontier: Edge of a New World Order........45 Pee Dee River: The Johannes Kolb Site.......................174
CHARLES R. COBB AND CHESTER B. DEPRATTER CARL STEEN, CHRISTOPHER JUDGE, AND SEAN TAYLOR
The Yamasee Indians of Early Carolina ........................62 Archaeological Prospection: Near-Surface Geophysics . . . . . . . .200
ALEX Y. SWEENEY AND ERIC C. POPLIN JONATHAN LEADER
George Galphin, Esquire: Forging Alliances, Forty Years of Historical Archaeology in South Carolina
Framing a Future, and Fostering Freedom......................82 at SCIAA: A Personal Perspective ...........................213
TAMMY FOREHAND HERRON AND ROBERT MOON STANLEY SOUTH
Middleburg Plantation, Berkeley County, South Carolina........102
LELAND FERGUSON
CONTRIBUTORS 241 | INDEX 245
COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS
following page 132
Plate 1. Bend-break tools and blades from the Pleistocene terrace
Plate 2. Blades and unifaces from the Pleistocene sands
Plate 3. Clovis points from South Carolina
Plate 4. Red Stone points
Plate 5. Early Archaic points from South Carolina
Plate 6. Middle Archaic points from South Carolina
Plate 7. Late Archaic points from the Moody site
Plate 8. Early Woodland Mack points from South Carolina
Plate 9. Woodland points from Big Pine Tree site
Plate 10. Southern ovate and notched southern ovate bannerstones
Plate 11. Grooved axes
Plate 12. Late Archaic soapstone cooking stones
Plate 13. Stone celts
Plate 14. Portion of a Stallings fibertempered pot
Plate 15. Stallings fiber-tempered pottery with drag-and-jab punctuation designs
Plate 16. Middle Woodland herringbone-variant, linear-check-stamped jar
Plate 17. Mississippian-period plain bowl
Plate 18. Mississippian complicated stamped jar with cob-impressed neck
Plate 19. Plain Mississippian jar decorated with cane punctations and punctated nodes
Plate 20. Mississippian jar with a stamped design, cane punctations, and punctated nodes
Plate 21. Sixteenth-century Native American cooking jar
Plate 22. Spanish redware
Plate 23. Spanish 1 real silver coin of Phillip II
Plate 24. Spanish silver coin dated 1737
Plate 25. Eighteenth-century colonoware bowl
Plate 26. Eighteenth-century colonoware vessels
Plate 27. Chinese-export porcelain, 1770s
Plate 28. Artifacts from the Revolutionary War battlefield of Camden
Plate 30. Eighteenth-century English slipware chamber pot and cup
Plate 29. Brass candlestick buried in Francis Marion’s 1780–1781 camp
Plate 31. English wine bottles in the SCIAA collection
Plate 32. Bottle seals marked G. A. Hall 1768
Plate 33. Charleston domestic slave tag
Plate 34. Alkaline glazed stoneware vessel made by the enslaved potter Dave
Plate 35. Union soldier’s shoe from the north end of Folly Island
Plate 36. English hand-painted whiteware ceramics
Plate 37. Ceramics recovered near eighteenth-century Ninety Six
Plate 38. U.S. Marine Corps brass hat insignia from World War I
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
COMPLETING A BOOK SUCH AS THIS ONE requires the efforts of a great many people,
and here I would like to thank them. The idea for the volume has been around
for a very long time and has taken the continued efforts of many members of
the South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology’s Archaeological
Research Trust (ART) Board to bring it to fruition. Key among these is Russ
Burns, who like others donated materially to this project and created the means
by which ART has been able to offset the cost of the color images that appear in
the volume.
Of course, the book would not have been possible without authors willing
to contribute, some of whom received relatively short notice. I appreciate very
much their hard work and patience and the confidence they placed in me to take
their research and bring it to an audience. I also want to express my gratitude
to James Legg, Sharon Pekrul, Tommy Charles, George Wingard, and Tammy
Herron for playing a large part in creating and assembling the collection of im-
ages that appears in this volume. I especially appreciate that they each put other
pressing matters aside to contribute.
I also wish to thank my employers, Steven D. Smith of the South Carolina
Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology and Mark Brooks of the Savannah
River Archaeological Research Program, for supporting my efforts. Without
their continued support and prodding, this volume might never have seen the
light of day. A special thanks must also go to Nena Rice Powell for keeping the
idea of this book alive for so many years. Finally, credit must go to Thorne Comp-
ton for obtaining the original author commitments, because without his leader-
ship and strong arm this volume still might be just an idea.
INTRODUCTION
IT HAS BEEN A LONG TIME since an entire book devoted to current research in South
Carolina archaeology has been published. Honestly, this book has been a long
time in the making, and the vision for what it was to look like has changed over
the years. In this book the authors and I have tried to balance two important
considerations. On the one hand, we wanted the book to stand up to scholarly
scrutiny and be a resource for our colleagues to use. At the same time, we all
realize that we need to communicate directly to the interested public what we
do and what we have learned. After all, in one way or another, that public pays
for most archaeology and certainly keeps the political will in the state positively
predisposed to our shared past. This book is written to be accessible to nonar-
chaeologists while presenting information that is interesting and informative to
both our research colleagues and those in our state who support us. That can be
a tricky pair of objectives to meet. Some papers in this book are more technical
than others, some are longer than others, and some are more easily accessible to
nonspecialists than others. If we have done our jobs, all the essays should have
something that everyone can gain from them.
This book is a collection of essays written by archaeologists currently doing
research in the state of South Carolina. As such it is not written in one voice
but, like the archaeology in South Carolina, has many voices and perspectives.
This is an important aspect of archaeology for everyone to understand. Archae-
ology is not a unitary science: it has multiple ways of gathering data, and there
are often multiple ways of interpreting the past. That makes perfect sense when
you remember that we are ultimately studying people and their behavior in the
past. The reasons why people do what they do are varied, complex, and often
contradictory. Given the complexity and variability of what we study, it remains
important to be as broad and flexible as we can as a profession.
In this book we have contributors from universities, state agencies, and pri-
vate consulting companies. This is not uncommon and reflects the variety of en-
tities that collect information about our past and interpret it. The essays discuss
everything from the earliest people in the state to Native Americans at the dawn
of European colonization to colonial Charleston and even some Civil War his-
tory. Archaeology is a way to collect information about the past, and lots of peo-
ple use it as part of their study of the past—from anthropologists to historians to
ecologists. In general, our intent is to capture the breadth of interests archaeolo-
gists pursue in the state. This is by no means an exhaustive showing, but it is fairly
representative.
What Is Archaeology?
At its most fundamental level, archaeology is a set of methods designed to gather
information about past behavior. Those methods range in scale from detailed
excavations to the use of satellite imagery, and in technology from digging in the
dirt with shovels to using nuclear physics to derive chemical compositions or
Description:Adam King’s Archaeology in South Carolina contains an overview of the fascinating archaeological research currently ongoing in the Palmetto state featuring essays by twenty scholars studying South Carolina’s past through archaeological research. The scholarly contributions are enhanced by more t
