Table Of Content_FIELDIANA
572.05
FA
n.s.
no. 29
Anthropology
NEW SERIES, NO. 29
Archaeological Survey In the
Juli~Desaguadero Region of Lake
Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru
Charles Stanish
Edmundo de la Vega M.
Lee Steadman
Cecilia Chavez Justo
Kirk Lawrence Frye
Luperio Onofre Mamani
Matthew T. Seddon
Percy Calisaya Chuquimia
December 31, 1997
Publication 1488
PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
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Croat, T B. 1978. Flora ofBarro Colorado Island. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 943 pp.
Grubb', REcuJ.a,dJo.r.R.I.LTlhoeydf,oraesntdsTt.ruDct.urPee,npnhiynsgitoong.nom1y9,63a.ndAflcoormisptaicrsi.sJoonuronfalmoonftEacnoeloagnyd,l5o1w:la5n6d7-r6a0i1n.forest in
Langixjn, E. J. M. 1979. Yage among the Siona: Cultural patterns in visions, pp. 63-80. In Browman, D. L.,
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American Indians. Vol. 2, The Andean Civilizations. Bulletin 143, Bureau of American Ethnology,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Sroi/I, R. G. 1981. Ferns and fern allies of Guatemala. Part II. Polypodiaceae. Fieldiana: Botany, n.s.. 6: 1-
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FIELDIANA
Anthropology
NEW
SERIES, NO. 29
Archaeological Survey in the
Juli-Desaguadero Region of Lake
Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru
Charles Stanish
DepartmentofAnthropology
FieldMuseum ofNatural History
RooseveltRoadat Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
Currentaddress: DepartmentofAnthropology
University ofCalifornia, LosAngeles
LosAngeles, California 90095-1553
Edmundo de la Vega M. Luperio Onofre Mamani
Lee Steadman Matthew T. Seddon
Cecilia Chavez Justo Percy Calisaya Chuquimia
'^'^^ l-/awrence r*rye 5^^page mforaffiliations ofcontributors
Accepted July 10, 1996
Published December 31, 1997
Publication 1488
PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
© 1997 Field Museum of Natural History
ISSN 0071-^739
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Contributors
M
Edmundo de la Vega . Luperio Onofre Mamani
UniversidadNacional delAltiplano Programa Collasuyu
Puno, Peru Puno, Peru
Lee Steadman Matthew T. Seddon
Department ofAnthropology Department ofAnthropology
University ofCalifornia, Berkeley University ofChicago
Berkeley, California Chicago, Illinois
Cecilia Chavez Justo Percy Calisaya Chuquimia
Programa Collasuyu Programa Collasuyu
Puno, Peru Puno, Peru
Kirk Lawrence Frye
Department ofAnthropology
University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California
'6/^fTable of Contents List of Tables
Preface and Acknowledgments ix 1. Habitation site sizes from the Middle
Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Juli- Formative to the Early Colonial periods
Desaguadero Survey 1 in theJuli-Pomataintensive survey area 19
The Study Area 2 2. Cemetery sites in the Juli-Pomata area 26
Previous Research 5 3. Population table 31
Research Strategies ofthe Lupaqa Project 8 4. Diagnostic ceramic types used in the
A
Chronology for the Southwestern Titi- study area 32
caca Region 9 5. Site types in the Juli-Pomata area 36
Chapter 2. Methodology of the Juli-De- 6. Population per habitation site type per
saguadero survey 17 period 36
Methodology in the JuU-PomataIntensive 7. Pukaras and othernonhabitation sites in
Survey Area 17 the Juli-Pomata intensive survey area 65
Site Sizes 25 8. Soil types according to Aymara inform-
Ceramic Typology 31 ants 126
Methodology in the ReconnaissanceAreas 33 9. Interior structure floor areas for all ma-
Chapter 3. Results from theJuli-Pomata jor fortified sites (m^) 133
Intensive Survey Area 35 10. Interior structure floor areas ofless than
Site Typology 35 5 m^ for all major fortified sites (m^) .. 133
Ceramic Types in the Juli-Desaguadero
Region 40
Settlement Patterns in the JuU-Pomata In-
tensive Survey Area 50 List of Illustrations
Population Trends in the Juli-Pomata In-
tensive Survey Area 59
Major Sites in the JuU-Pomata Intensive 1. South-central Andes 2
Survey Area 60 2. Titicaca Basin 3
Chapter 4. Results from the Reconnais- 3. Juli-Desaguadero area 4
sance Areas 83 4. Various chronologies of the Titicaca
Major Sites in the Ccapia Reconnaissance Basin 5
Area 84 5. Major polities in the Titicaca Basin in
Major Sites in the Desaguadero Recon- the 16th century 6
naissance Area 102 6. Lupaqa cabeceras in the 16th century .... 7
Chapter 5. The SettlementHistoryofthe 7. Study area 7
Southwestern Titicaca Basin 113 8. North end of survey zone with cut
Charles Stanish stone 18
Literature Cited 121 9. Example of site type 2 30
Appendix 1. Contemporary Aymara Agri- 10. Example of site type 3 37
cultural Soil Categories 125 11. Example of site type 4 37
Luperio Onofre Mamani 12. Mxnoxpukara 38
Appendix 2. Political Centralization in 13. Example of slab-cist tomb 39
the Altiplano Period in the South- 14. Pasiri diagnostic ceramic artifacts 41
western Titicaca Basin 129 15. Pasiri diagnostic ceramic artifacts 42
KirkLawrence Frye 16. Pucarani diagnostic ceramic artifact .... 46
17. Pucarani diagnostic ceramic artifact .... 47
18. Pucarani oUa/jar rim from 399 48
19. Spindle whorls from Pukara JuU (003) 49
20. Pucarani ceramic vessel 50
21. Pucarani ceramic vessel 50
22. Kelluyo diagnostic ceramic artifacts .... 51
23. Local Inca ceramic artifacts from Imi- 64. Site ofCkackachipata 91
cate 52 65. Site of Ckackachipata 91
24. Local Inca ceramic artifacts from Imi- 66. Site of Kanamarca with massive cut
cate 53 stone blocks 93
25. Late Horizon diagnostics 54 67. Site of Kanamarca with massive cut
26. Chucuito diagnostic ceramic artifacts ... 55 stone blocks 93
27. Pacajes diagnostic ceramics 56 68. Site of Piiiutaya 95
28. Archaic lithic artifacts 57 69. Site ofPucara Chatuma 96
29. Distribution of Pasiri habitation sites ... 58 70. Cut stone on Pucara Chatuma 96
30. Site size distribution of Early Sillu- 71. Cut stone on Pucara Chatuma 97
mocco settlements 59 72. Site of Queiiuani (Fortina Vinto) 98
31. Site size distribution ofLate Sillumoc- 73. Upper Formative ceramic diagnostics
co habitation sites 60 from Quefiuani 99
32. Site ofTumatumani 61 74. Probable Upper Forma—tive Period ce-
33. Site of Palermo 62 ramic strap handle Queiiuani 99
34. Site of Sillumocco-Huaquina 63 75. Site ofTacapisi 100
35. Site size distribution ofTiwanaku hab- 76. Site of Yanapata with stela 101
itation sites 64 77. Sites in the Desaguadero reconnais-
36. Site size distribution of Altiplano Pe- sance region 103
riod habitation sites 65 78. Desaguadero River area 104
37. Hypothetical distribution of Altiplano 79. Desaguadero River area 105
Period sites 66 80. Site of La Casilla 105
38. Distribution of above-ground tombs in 81. Cut stone at site of La Casilla 106
survey 66 82. Kelluyu ceramic artifacts from Chon-
39. Site size distribution of Late Horizon
tacolla 107
habitation sites 67 83. Site ofTanka Tanka 107
40. Population graph 68 84. Late Horizon chulpa at Tanka Tanka 108
41. Bebedero rock outcrop 69 85. Redressed chulpa at Tanka Tanka 109
42. Site of Altarani-Bebedero (457) 69 86. Fortification wall at Tanka Tanka 110
43. Cut stone "doorway" at Altarani 70
44. Cut stone "doorway" at Altarani 70 87. Site ofTintinpujo 110
88. Pw^aras in study area 118
45. Site area of Juli with SapacoUa in
89. Ceramic color key 142
background 71
90-
46. Site ofJuli 71
47. Fortification wall at site ofPukara Juli 75 106. Ceramic illustrations from survey sites
143-159
48. Tiwanaku projectile points from 158 ... 76
107. Key to map blocks 160
49. Example oftypical andesite agricultur- A
108. Map block 161
al implement 77
50. Site ofTumuku from a distance 78 109. Map block B 161
51. Site ofTumuku 79 110. Map block C 162
D
52. Site of San Bartolome-Wiscachani 111. Map block 162
(022) 80 112. Map block E 163
53. Site of San Bartolome-Wiscachani 113. Map block F 163
54. SitewairtehaaolfigHnumaennctan(i022) 8810 111154.. MMaapp bblloocckk GH 116644
55. Chulpa in the Huancani area 81 116. Map block I 165
56. Chulpa in the Huancani area 82 117. Map block J 165
57. Sites in the—Ccapiareconnaissance area 84 118. Map block K 166
58. Ccapia area Yunguyu-Zepita area 85 119. Map block LM 167
59. Chatuma area sites 86 120. Map block 167
60. Site of Acero Phatjata 87 121. Map block N 168
61. Site ofCaninsaya with two stelae 88 122. Map block O 168
62. Yaya-Mama stelae at site ofCaninsaya 89 123. Map block P 169
63. Yaya-Mama stelae at site ofCaninsaya 90 124. Map block Q 170
VI
This book reports on a systematic archaeological survey
and reconnaissance in the southwestern Titicaca Basin of
far southern highland Peru. Our survey covered approxi-
mately 360 km^ in the Juli-Pomata region and discovered
almost 500 sites. Additional large-site reconnaissance dis-
covered several dozen additional major sites in the Ccapia
and Desaguadero areas, south ofthe intensive survey zone.
These single- andmulticomponentsites representmore than
1,000 occupations that range in datefrom the Archaic Pe-
riod (ca. 5000-2000/ 1500 B.C.) to the Early Spanish Co-
lonial Period(a.d. 1532-1700). In this book, we reviewpre-
vious research in the region, describe the overall research
design and methodology, describe the study area, andpro-
vide a site typology, a ceramic typology, a tomb typology,
individualsitedescriptions, ceramicdrawings,photographs,
andsettlementdata. Finally, we interpret these data in light
ofprevious research and assess their importance for un-
derstanding theprehistory ofthe southwestern Titicaca Ba-
sin.
This book is dedicated to the memory of John Hyslop, a
pioneer of modem Lupaqa area archaeology.
c.s.s.
Vlll
