Table Of ContentOCCASIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MUSEUM OF
ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
NO. IS
ARAUCANIAN CULTURE
IN TRANSITION
BY
MISCHA TITIEV
ANN ARBOR
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS
I95I
© 1951 by the Regents of the University of Michigan
The Museum of Anthropology
All rights reserved
ISBN (print): 978-0-932206-04-6
ISBN (ebook): 978-1-951538-48-4
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'To my mother
PREFACE
THE project described in this monograph was first planned early
in 1941. In that year support was received from the Board of
Governors of the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate
Studies and a leave of absence was obtained from the Univer
sity of Michigan. After preliminary plans for field work had
been completed, America's entry into World War II brought
about a delay of several years in carrying out the program.
In January, 1948, I was fortunate enough to secure a sab
batical leave from the University of Michigan and an additional
grant of funds from the Board of Governors of the Horace H.
Rackham School of Graduate Studies. Accompanied by my
wife I left for Chile at the end of the month and arrived in
Santiago on February 19, 1948. Here we met Mr. Raul Gon
zalez Mella, a doctoral candidate in geography at the Uni
versity of Chile, who had previously agreed to serve as a field
assistant. After two weeks spent in visiting museums and li
braries and conferring with various scholars in Santiago, we
entrained for Temuco, capital of Cautin province, in the heart
of the Indian-inhabited territory still known as the Frontera
(Map 1).
Many students have expressed such lively curiosity about the
methods used by an anthropologist in locating a specific field
station and in making initial contact with native informants
that a short statement of the procedure followed in this in
stance may not be amiss.
Before we left the United States, it was learned from anthro
pologists conversant with Chile that the Reverend Dillman S.
Bullock was one of the best informed men on Araucanian mat
ters in that country. An exchange of letters brought a cordial
invitation to visit Mr. Bullock at the famed agricultural sta
tion called El Vergel, in Angol. He received us on March 4,
1948, and advised us to plan to work in the neighborhood of
Cholchol, to get in touch with members of the Anglican Misi6n
Araucana stationed at Quepe and Cholchol (Map 2), and to
v
Vl MISCHA TITIEV
bear in mind the possibility of using as our first informant the
Reverend Juan Antinao, an Araucanian who is an ordained
Episcopal clergyman.
Acting on Mr. Bullock's advice, we next called on Canon and
Mrs. William Wilson at Quepe. They agreed that Cholchol was
the most suitable center for ethnological investigation, and Mrs.
Wilson graciously offered to loan us her caravan (a small, ox
drawn trailer; see Pl. III, Fig. I), which was destined to serve
as our home for the greater part of our stay in Chile.
A few days later, on March 10, we met the Reverend Harry
Donaldson, chief of the Misi6n Araucana, who promptly in
vited us to visit his home and station in Cholchol. Through the
active and friendly co-operation of Mr. and Mrs. Donaldson
and their staff, we succeeded in equipping the caravan for
winter use, in having it drawn to the field, and in concluding
arrangements to work with the Reverend Juan Antinao at his
home reduction of Cautinche.
After making several studies in and around Cholchol during
the remainder of March we took up residence at Cautinche on
April 5 and remained there until May Io. We then had the
caravan taken to Carrarrifie, where we stayed, except for a two
week trip to Santiago, until July 17. After that, the caravan
was drawn into Cholchol, and we were given the privilege of
using the mission house as a base while we made an investiga
tion of Renaco (Map 2). We left Cholchol for Temuco on July
27 and concluded our visit to Chile on August IO, 1948, after
working for ten days in Santiago.
Many people have contributed to the successful accomplish
ment of the project. I am thankful to all who have aided me,
whether or not their names are specifically mentioned. To the
Board of Governors of the Horace H. Rackham School of
Graduate Studies, and to the Board of Regents of the Uni
versity of Michigan, I am deeply grateful for generous support
and for the sabbatical leave. Thanks are also due Dr. Donald
D. Brand, Dr. Junius B. Bird, Dr. Julian H. Steward, and
Sister M. Inez Hilger, who helped me formulate my field
plans before departing for Chile; Dr. Eugenio Pereira, Dr.
ARAUCANIAN CULTURE IN TRANSITION Vll
Ricardo Donoso, Dr. Humberto Fuenzalida, and Dr. Leopolda
Pizarro (all of Santiago), for much useful advice pertaining to
my program of work; the Reverend Mr. Bullock for directing
us to the Misi6n Araucana and Cholchol; and Canon and Mrs.
Wilson for many helpful suggestions and the loan of the car
avan.
Among the most helpful Araucanian informants were Juan
Antinao, his wife Aurora, and his daughter Josephina at Cau
tinche; Segundo Paineo, Domingo Carilaf, and Fermin ColHo
at Carrarrifie; Segundo Huenchual and Fermin Nahuelhual
at Renaco; J. M. Coll1o Huaiquilaf at Santiago; and Ram6n
Chihuaicura, whose guest I was at a fiillatun ceremony at
Coigue.
To Raul Gonzalez I owe many thanks for his cheerful ac
ceptance of numerous inconveniences in the field, for his as
sistance in conducting interviews and securing data in Spanish,
and for his drawings of most of the maps and figures repro
duced in this work. For further assistance with maps and
figures I am particularly indebted to Mary Walfred Stauch and
to William M. Masters; I am grateful also to Gertrude D.
Stevens and to Edith M. Todter for typing the entire manu
script.
I wish to thank James T. Babb and David H. Clift, director
and associate director of the Yale University Library, for pro
viding excellent working facilities in the summer of 1949, and
the members of the Yale faculty who favored me with their
advice while this monograph was being prepared. Dr. Samuel
K. Lothrop was kind enough to read my manuscript and to
contribute many valuable suggestions that have been incor
porated in the final draft. Dr. James B. Griffin, director of the
Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, has shown
a continuous interest in the project, and I am grateful for his
co-operation in making arrangements for the publication of the
manuscript.
To my wife I am deeply indebted, particularly for her willing
ness to spend a Chilean winter in the field, for her help in es
tablishing contacts with the natives and gathering information,
