Arabis lycia (Cruciferae), a new chasmophyte from the Taurus Mts, Turkey, and notes on related

12 Pages·2005·0.5 MB·English

Willdenowia30–2000 293
GERALDPAROLLY&PETERHEIN
Arabis lycia (Cruciferae), a new chasmophyte from the Taurus Mts,
Turkey, and notes on related species
Abstract
Parolly,G.&Hein,P.:Arabislycia(Cruciferae),anewchasmophytefromtheTaurusMts,Turkey,
andnotesonrelatedspecies.–Willdenowia30:293-304.2000.–ISSN0511-9618.
Arabis(sect.Drabopsis)lyciaisdescribedasaspeciesnewtoscienceandillustrated,anditstaxo-
nomicpositionclosetoA.bryoidesoftheSBalkansisdiscussed.SEMmicrographsoftheindumen-
tumofA.lyciaanditsrelatives(A.bryoides,A.carduchorum,A.drabiformis)arepresentedandtheir
ecologicalrequirementsoutlined.Thenewspeciesisasubalpinecushion-formingplantofshadedver-
ticallimestonerocksalongtheridgeoftheBakirliDa8iintheeasternpartoftheWesternTaurusin
Turkey.ThechasmophytichabitanditsstenochorysuggeststhatA.lyciashouldbeincludedinthelist
ofrelicendemicsknownfromthemountainsWoftheBayofAntalya.
Introduction
While working on the high mountain rock flora and vegetation of the Anatolian Taurus Mts in
summer1992andvisitingtheBakirliDa8isome30kmWSWAntalya(Fig.3),thesecondauthor
came across a striking chasmophytic cushion-forming Arabis (Fig. 1). Because of its pinkish-
purplishpetalsanditsecology,itwastakenasasite-ecologicalvariantofArabisaubrietioides
Boiss.,whichinphytosociologicalrespectisamongthemostimportantrockplantsoftheAnato-
lianhighmountainrockvegetation(Ayaîli8il1987,Hein&al.1998,Quézel1973).
Seven years passed since that first record, until the first author had the opportunity to con-
tinuehisfloristicandphytosociologicalstudiesintheTaurusrange(Hein&al.1998,Kürschner
&al.1998,Parolly1995a,b,2000)andtore-collectthisArabisatthesamelocality.Owingto
theearlyonsetofthehotanddrysummerin1999,theplantshadnearlyallshedtheirseedsearly
inJulyanditwasimpossibletogatheradequatefruitingspecimens.
The new material was, however, the basis to study this cushion-forming rock cress, as
Parolly’sapproachfailedtoidentifyitwiththehelpofthe“FloraofTurkey”(Cullen1965).A
closerlookrevealedanoticeablenumberofclear-cutdifferencesbetweenA.aubrietioidesand
thespecimensof1992and1999,andthatourplantdidnotmatchanyArabisknownfromTurkey,
the E Mediterranean Subregion and the Near East (cf., e.g., Cullen 1965, Greuter & al. 1986,
Hedge1968,Hedge&Lamond1980,Jahn&Schönfelder1995,Jalas&Suominen1994,Meikle
294 Parolly&Hein:Arabislycia,anewchasmophytefromTurkey
Fig.1.ArabislyciainitsnaturalhabitatontheBakirliDa8i,2400m.–PhotographbyP.Hein, 22.6.1992.
1977,Mouterde1970,Strid&Titz1986,Zohary1966,Zohary& al.1980).Itisdescribedhereas
anewspecies.
ArabislyciaParolly&P.Hein,sp.nova
Holotype:Türkei,C3Antalya,Beyda8lari,OstflankedesBakirTepe[=BakirliDa8i]c.1,5km
südlich Saklikent, c. 36°45'N, 30°20'E, schattige, überhängende Felswand mit engen Spalten,
Kalk, 90-110°, 2400 m, N-exponiert, 22.6.1992, P. Hein A17-1 (B; isotypes: E, G, ISTE, JE,
herb.Hein,herb.Parolly).–Fig.1-2,5a-b.
AbA.bryoidehabitudensepulvinato,caulibus1-2(-3)-foliosisglabrescentibus,foliismajoribus
latioribusque,virescentibuspilisfurcatismultisetsimplicibuspaucisvestitis,obovatis-spathu-
latis etpetalisroseisvelmalvinisdiffert.
Description
Alow-growingcushion-formingperennialwithnumerouspink-tomauve-floweredracemeson
rathertinyscape-likestems;cushionsflat,±compact,upto5-15cmdiam.,6-10cmhigh;witha
stout,woodyrootstock.Leavesmostlybasalinmid-greenrosettes,6-12×3-6mm,denselyand
softly tomentose of whitish to slightly yellowish, 0.3-0.5(-0.7) mm long, (2-)3-4(-5)-fid
long-stalked“stellate”or,morerarely,dendroidandonlyfewsimplehairs(chieflyalongtheleaf
margins) (Fig.5a-b),obovate-spathulate,apex obtuse to (chiefly) bluntly acute,base gradually
narrowedtoaflattenedpetiole2-3mmlong,marginentireorveryrarelywithaveryblunttooth;
thepreviousleavesortheirremainsdenselyclothingthestembelowthepresentyear’srosette,
givingtherosetteshootacolumnarappearance;caulineleaves1-2(-3),soonfallingoff(atflower-
ingoftenabsent),broadlylanceolate,acute,sessilewithasubcuneatebase,3-5mmlongandupto
2mmwide,withentiremarginsandthesameindumentumasthebasalleavesandthestem.Stems
unbranched, 2.5-5 cm long (excl. inflorescence), slender (0.5 mm diam.), at base with a rather
Willdenowia30–2000 295
denseindumentum,aboveandattheendoffloweringglabrescent.Inflorescence4-8(-10)-flow-
ered,atfirstcorymbose,laterformingashortracemec.2-2.5cmlongandc.1.5cmwide,notor
hardlyelongatinginfruit;rhachisandpedicelswithaverythin(glabrescent?)indumentumorgla-
brous.Pedicelsslender,ascending,5-8(10)mmlong.Sepalsgreenishwithpaler,partlytranslu-
centmargins,partlyortotallyflushedpinkishtopurplish,withafewbranchedandsomemore
simplehairsatback;outersepalsoblong-ovate,flattoslightlyconcave,obtuse,marginssome-
timessomewhatundulate-sinuate,c.2.5(-3)×1.2(-1.5)mm,moderatelysaccateatbase;innerse-
pals boat-shaped, concave, obtuse to bluntly acute, margins entire, 3-3.5(-4) × 2-2.5 mm,
conspicuouslysaccateatbase.Petalspinkormauve,withnervesalittledarker,6-8×3-3.5mm,
obovate,roundedatapex,margins±undulate-sinuateandauriculate,graduallytaperingtobase.
Stamens2.5-3.5mmlong,filamentsyellowish-whitish,apicallyoftenflushedpink,filiform,only
somewhatflattened;anthersoblong,(pale)yellow,0.8-1.1×0.4mm.Ovarycylindrical,glabrous,
c.4×0.3-0.4mm;styleshortbutdistinct,c.0.5mmlong;stigmastoutlycapitate.Siliquaeerector
spreading-erect,straightorslightlycurved,10-14mmlong,atthebroadestpartc.1.5mmwide,
apex acute, crowned by persistent style and stigma, base rather abruptly tapering to pedicels;
valvespalebrowntingedpurplish,somewhatshiningandkeeled;seedsunknown.
Eponymy
TheepithetreferstoancientLycia,chieflycongruentwiththeLycianTaurus(WesternTaurus
Mts, Turkish: Bati Toroslar) and, in phytogeographical terms, with the Lycian Sector sensu
Parolly(1995a,1998),wheretheBakirliDa8iissituatedatitseasternedge.
Additionalspecimenseen
Turkey,C3Antalya:Beyda8lari,BakirliDa8iaboveSaklikent,summitregionSoftheobser-
vatory,36°49'60''N,30°20'22''E,c.2490-2520m,limestonerockcrevicesandclefts,11.7.1999,
Döring,Parolly6540&Tolimir(herb.Parolly).
Siteconditions,synecology
Arabislyciaisarockplantofthesubalpinebeltandrecordedfromaltitudesbetweenc.2300and
2500m.Itisrestrictedtoverticalorslightlyoverhanging(80-110°)hardlimestoneanddolomite
rockfaces.A.lyciaappearsonlargerocksonly,whichduetotheirinclinationandnorthernexpo-
surearefairlywellprotectedagainsthighirradiation,butnotagainsttheimpactofwind.Thespe-
cies grows together with, e.g., Aethionema lycium I. A. Andersson & al., Arabis alpina subsp.
brevifolia (DC.) Greuter & Burdet, Asyneuma linifolium (Boiss. & Heldr.) Bornm. subsp. lini-
folium,CampanulacymbalariaSm.,LaserpitiumpetrophilumBoiss.&Heldr.,Scrophulariacan-
delabrumHeywood,SileneodontopetalaFenzl,S.oreadesBoiss.&Heldr.andVerbascumpesta-
lozzaeBoiss.It is as a true chasmophyte in narrow clefts of the compact limestone exclusively
(Hein&al.1998,andnewobservations).
Phytosociologically,Arabislycia(as A.aubrietioides)hasbeenreportedasalocaldifferen-
tialspeciesofasubunitoftheAethionemolycii-LaserpitietumpetrophiliHein&al.1998.This
association is classified among the Silenion odontopetalae Quézel 1973 alliance (rock crevice
communitiesoftheWesternTaurus)andtheSilenetaliaodontopetalaeQuézel1973order,thelat-
terencompassingallpresentlystudiedAnatolianbasiphytichighmountainrockvegetation(Hein
&al.1998,Quézel1973).ThearabetosumaubrietioidisHein&al.1998subassociationcharac-
terisessemishadedsubalpinerocksitesoftheBakirliDa8i.Consequently,there-namingandtaxo-
nomicchangeofthedifferentialspeciesmustbefollowedbyasynnomenclatoralalterationofthe
subassociation’sname.Theformalityis,however,leftforaphytosociologicalaccounttobepub-
lishedelsewhere,updatingtheresultsofourpreviousstudiesinthelightofthemanynewrelevés
establishedin1999and2000withinthescopeofthePONTAURUSproject(Parollyinprep.).
Affinitiesandtaxonomicposition
ThesubgenericdivisionofArabishasmanyproblemswithconflictingtaxonomy(fortheclassi-
ficationsofthespeciesoftheFloraOrientalisarea,seeBoissier1867andSchulz1936).Thecrit-
296 Parolly&Hein:Arabislycia,anewchasmophytefromTurkey
Fig.2.Arabislycia–partsoftheholotypeatB.–Scale:1cm.
Willdenowia30–2000 297
Fig.3.DistributionofArabislyciaandrelatedspecies–1:A.bryoides(basedonJalas&Suominen1994);
2:A.drabiformis (basedonCullen1965,Güleryüz1998);3:A.lycia;4:A.androsacea (basedonCullen
1965andownfieldrecords);5:A.carduchorums.str.(basedonCullen1965).
icalremarksofRollins(1941),whoconcludedthatinwesternAmericanArabistrulynaturalsub-
divisionsofthegenusotherthanthespeciesthemselvesarenon-existent,stillholdstrueandmay
alsoexplainthatinformationonthesubgenericdivisionofthegenusissoscarceinallmodern
floristictreatmentsinourarea(seeabove).ItwasnosurprisetofindinBoissier(1867)theobvi-
ous allies of A. lycia in two (weakly differentiated) sections Pseudarabis and Drabopsis. Here
wefollowSchulz(1936)whopartlyunitedthemintoareasonablynaturalgroup.
Arabis aubrietioides, the first species to discuss, is a member of A. sect. Arabis (= A. sect.
EuarabisC.A.Mey.)andclosetoA. alpinas.l.ItapproachesA. lycia onlysuperficially.Both
arechasmophytesoflimestonerockfaces.Resemblanceischieflyduetotheshortandgreenish,
not(A.lycia)orveryrarelyandweaklycanescentindumentum(A.aubrietioides)andthepinkto
purplishpetals.Distinguishingcharactersclearlyprevail:A.aubrietioidesisalaxlycaespitose,
tuftedandgenerallytallerherb(stems7-15(-20)cmlong)withrunners,lessdevelopedbasalro-
settesand,mostimportantly,withupto10distanttooverlapping,largerstemleaves,alldeeply
toothed,cordate,auriculateandamplexicaul.Itdisplaysgreenishtopaleyellowish-brown,linear
andmuchlonger(40-50×1mm),flattenedandincurvedfruits,whicharesomewhatconstricted
betweentheseeds.
AllspecieswhichappeartoberelatedtoArabislycia,viz.A.bryoidesBoiss.,A.drabiformis
Boiss., A. carduchorum Boiss., A. armena N. Busch and A. androsacea Fenzl, fall into or are
placedclosetothebroadenedA.sect.DrabopsisGriseb.(incl.PseudarabisC.A.Mey.exPrantl
p.p.), to include “herbae perennes dense caespitosae, foliis minutis ellipticis integerrimis in
rosulasdensecongestis,scapisfloriferissubaphyllisfacieLeucodrabae”(Boissier1867:166).A.
lyciaintheserespectsfitsperfectlyintothissection.
TheotherspeciesdifferfromArabis lyciaintheirecology,beingmountainplantsofrocky
slopes,butwiththeexceptionofA.bryoidesnotpronouncedchasmophytes.Theyalsodifferin
their indumentum (Fig. 4-5), growth form (a tendency towards dense, cushion-like tufts is ob-
298 Parolly&Hein:Arabislycia,anewchasmophytefromTurkey
served in some species though) and, notably, generally green sepals and always white petals.
However,inArabisthedifferenceintheflowercolourshouldnotbestressedtoomuchbecause
inanumberofchieflypink,lilacorpurplishfloweringspecies,white-floweredformsdooccur
(I.C.Hedgeinlitt.,2000,cf.Meikle1977).
Arabis carduchorum Boiss., an endemic of Turkish Kurdistan (Fig. 3), and A. armena N.
Busch(isotypeB!;forillustrationseeAvetisjan1966,Bus1927),foundintheNahicevanarea,
areonlydoubtfullydifferentfromeachother(Hedge1968).Thisviewisstronglysupportedby
the material at B. Conspecific or not, they are, besides the features mentioned above, distinct
fromA.lyciaonaccountoftheirlinear,clearlypectinate-ciliaterosetteandstemleaves.Inaddi-
tiontothesomewhatstiffcilia(about1mmlong),thescattered,rathercoarseindumentumcon-
sistsofshorter,chiefly3-4-forked“stellate”,0.4-0.5mmlonghairswithallraysoflargelythe
samesize.Thesurfaceofthehairsisstrikinglypapillose(Fig.4a-b).
Bycontrast,theindumentumofArabisdrabiformisBoiss.iscomposedofonlysimple,stiff,
upto1-2mmlonghairsonthesetose-piloserosetteleaves(Fig.4c-d).Themicro-morphologyof
thepapillatehairs indicatesacloserrelationshiptoA.carduchorum.A.drabiformisisalocalen-
demicoftheNWAnatolianUluda8(BithynianOlympus,Fig.3).ItdiffersfromA. lyciabyits
laxly caespitose habit, longer (7-16 cm), glabrous and leafless stems, longer siliquae (18-20 ×
2mm)andthickerandshorterfilaments(foradetaileddescriptionandillustration,seeGüleryüz
1998).
ArabisbryoidesBoiss.ofthesouthernBalkansissaidtobeclosetoandsometimesconfused
withA.drabiformis(Cullen1965,Strid&Titz1986).However,A.bryoidesresemblesA.lycia
evenmorecloselyandislikewiseahighmountainrockplant.Itisregionallyrankedamongthe
characterspeciesoftheSEEuropeanPotentilletaliaspeciosaeQuézel1964order(Quézel1964,
1967).Itformslowcushionsormatswithdeadleavespersistingforsometime.Theornamenta-
tion of the soft indumentum is similar in both species, displaying, intermixed with simple,
smoothhairs,agreatportionoflong-stalked,2-5-fidhairs(Fig.5).InA.bryoides,thepilaeatthe
leafmarginsare,ifnottheonlyhairtype(Fig.5c),considerablylongerthanthe“stellate”hairs.
The indumentum of the lamina is 2-layered, consisting of short “stellate” hairs overtopped by
manyforkedandsimplehairs(Fig.5d).Bycontrast,inA. lyciamostofthesimplehairsareof
the same length as the forked ones and only scattered and occasionally found in its leaf
indumentum.ThelongerindumentumofA.bryoidesoftentendstogivetheplantagrey-tomen-
toseappearance.Otherdifferencesbetweenthesetwoalliesincludethecompletelyleaflessstem,
thesmallerandnarrowerrosetteleaves(4-7(-10)×1.2-2mm),thesubcorymboseinflorescence
withonly2-5(-7)flowers,pedicelsdivergingatanangleof(30-)60°andbearinglongerandnar-
rower siliquae (12-35 × 1.4 mm) with an emarginate stigma in A. bryoides. The sepals of this
speciescanbepurpletowardsapexandoccasionallyhairy(asinA.lycia),whilethepetalsareal-
ways snow-white (for detailed descriptions and illustrations, see Strid 1980 and Strid & Titz
1986).
Arabis androsacea Fenzl,endemic to the Isaurian and Cilician Taurus(Fig.3),isthe only
otherArabisinthewesternhalfoftheTaurusMtsthatcanmeaninglybecomparedwithA.lycia.
A.androsaceaoftenformsratherlaxtuftswithasmallnumberofrosettesonlyandresemblesA.
carduchoruminmanyrespects.Infacies,A.androsaceaisalsosimilartoA.lycia,butwithsome-
whatstouteranddistinctlyleafystems,i.e.with6-8acute,lanceolatestemsleaves,6-8(9)mm
longandlessthan2mmwide,andwith(narrowly)lanceolatebasalleaves.TheindumentumofA.
androsaceaissilver-sericeous,atleastwhenyoung,withsimpleandsmoothhairsc.2mmlong,
givingtherosettesastronglyfeltedappearance.Thesiliquaeareverysimilarinshapetotheone
ofA.lycia(andA.carduchorum),but considerablylonger(upto28mm)[note:thisandallother
measurements, often considerably extending the ranges given in the standard literature, have
beentakenfromherbariumspecimensatB].Moreover,thestyleisnarrowerandlonger,witha
lessclearlycapitatestigmathaninA.lycia.A.androsaceanevergrowsinsaxatilehabitatsbutin
ratheropendwarf-shrubandthorn-cushioncommunities(Astragalo-Brometaliaorder),indoline
Willdenowia30–2000 299
Fig.4.SEMmicrographsoftheindumentumofArabiscarduchorum(a,b)andA.drabiformis(c,d),showing
theleafmargin(a,c)anddetailsofasingle,papillatehair(b,d).–Scale(1unit):a,c=1mm,b,d=0.1mm,de-
tailofd=0.01mm;specimens:a-b:cult.Bot.Gard.Berlin,1887(B);c-d:[Turkey],OlympusBithyniae[=
Uluda8],Boissier(B).
300 Parolly&Hein:Arabislycia,anewchasmophytefromTurkey
Fig.5.SEMmicrographsoftheindumentumofArabislycia(a,b)andA.bryoides(c,d),showingtheleaf
margin (a, c, d) and a †stellate‡ hair (b). – Scale (1 unit): a, b, d = 0.1 mm, c = 1 mm; specimens: a-b:
holotype at B; c: Griechenland, Sterea Ellas, Fokis, Giona-Massiv, Berg Vraila, 2075-2100 m, 26.6.1982,
Hagemann&al.340(B);d:Griechenland,Pieria,Or.Olympos,2300m,7.1960,Sorger60-3-36(B).
Willdenowia30–2000 301
turf(Trifolio-Polygonetaliaorder)andmorerarelyinwind-sweptplaces(Drabo-Androsacetalia
order);chieflyinorealtosubalpineelevationsbetween1800and2700m.Forasurveyofthehigh
mountain vegetation and the major syntaxa of the Taurus Mts, see Ayaîli8il 1987, Hein & al.
1998,Kürschner1982,1984,1986,Kürschner& al.1998,Parolly1995a,1998,Quézel1973].
Arabislycia–apaleoendemicoftheLycianSector
Atpresent,allrecordsofArabislyciaarefromafewrocksofasinglepeak(BakirliDa8i)inthe
Beyda8lari SW of Antalya, but it is to be expected from neighbouring mountains, especially
ÇalbaliDa8i.ThefirstauthorsearchedinvainforitonTahtaliDa8ion8July1999.A.lyciais
regardedasastenoendemicoftheBatiToroslar(WesternTaurus)ofEMediterranean-montane
origin.
The eastern part of the Beyda8lari mountain range, running from Bakirli Da8i and Çalbali
Da8itoTahtaliDa8iattheLyciancoast,hasprobablyneverbeenglaciatedandisfamedforits
greatnumberofendemics,withaconsiderableproportionofpaleoendemics(Davis1971).Be-
sidesverylocalspecies,e.g.AsyneumapulvinatumP.H.DavisandCarumrupicolaHartvig&
StridonTahtaliDa8iorAethionemalyciumI.A.Andersson&al.onBakirliDa8iandÇalbali
Da8i, there are some species which characterise all the mountain summits of the eastern
Beyda8lari.Thisgroupincludes,amongothers,Asyneumalycium(Boiss.)Bornm.,Dorystoechas
hastataBoiss.&Heldr.exBenth.,ScrophulariacandelabrumHeywood,Seseliramosissimum
Hartvig & Strid (with its type locality on Çalbali Da8i and first reported here for Tahtali and
BakirliDa8ifromour1999collections[B]),andVerbascumpestalozzaeBoiss.Mostly,theseare
plantsofcliffsorrockledges,ortaxawithatleastpartialpopulationsfoundinrockcommunities.
Such habitats function as refugia for both obligatory chasmophytic relics and partly also for
non-chasmophytes(seefortheEMediterraneanSubregion,e.g.,Davis1951,Snogerup1971).
ConsideringthisandthesomewhatisolatedpositionofArabislycia(andA.bryoides)inthege-
nus together with its stenochory, suggest that A. lycia is an addition to the long list of relic
endemicsknownfromthemountainsWoftheBayofAntalya.
IUCNthreatcategory
In1992,theauthorsandEckhardvonRaab-Straubeenjoyedoneweekoffield-workonthethen
undisturbed summit region of Bakirli Da8i. At his second visit in 1999, the first author was
greatly saddened by the fact that in the meanwhile an observatory had been constructed on the
mountainridge.Itissupportedbyabeatentrackcutintotherockyslopesabovetheskiresortof
Saklikent.Itwasduringthisconstructionthatnotonlyabeautifuldoline–thetypelocalityofthe
Fritillarietum pinardii Kürschner & al. 1998 – was transformed into an outsize car park. The
workontheobservatoryalsodestroyedarockledgewhichsupportedoneofthefewknowncolo-
niesofArabislycia.
Its occurrences are obviously so scattered that this splendid plant could not have been re-
cordedduringthe twoperiodsoffield-workonBakirliDa8iin1998and1999done byÖzkan
Eren(pers.comm.).Fortunately,noadditionalconstructionprojectsareplanned,theskiresortof
Saklikentdoesnotaffectthedwindlingstandsoftherockplants,andthegrazingpressureonthat
mountain,especiallyinthesteepcliffs,ismoderate.Nevertheless,werecommendplacingArabis
lycia under the IUCN threat category “Critically Endangered” (IUCN 1994), because the esti-
matedareaofoccupancyislessthan10km²andonlyasinglelocalityisknown.
Conclusion
BecausetherecordofArabisaubrietioidesfromtheBakirliDa8iwasbasedonamisidentifica-
tion, it should be deleted from the flora of the Bati Toroslar (Hein & al. 1998; for the phyto-
geographically concluded circumscription of the Western Taurus range or Lycian Sector, see
Parolly1995a,1998).AllsubstantiatedrecordsoftheTaurusendemicA.aubrietioidesarefrom
thecentralandadjoiningeasternTaurusrange.
302 Parolly&Hein:Arabislycia(Cruciferae)–anewchasmophyticspeciesfromTurkey
Arabis lycia, tentatively included in the chiefly lithophytic paleoendemics of the mountain
rangeWofAntalya,isuniqueinbeingachasmophytewithcompact,mauvefloweringcushions
andscape-likestems.ItscharactersplaceA.lyciainA.sect.Drabopsis,whereitsclosestrelative
isA.bryoides,abasiphyticrockplantofthemountainsofthesouthernBalkanswithoccurrences
inGreece,AlbaniaandthesouthernpartsoftheformerYugoslavia(Strid&Titz1986).Floristic
links between the mountain floras of Greece and the Taurus Mts. have been discussed, among
others,byDavis(1971),Parolly(1995a)andStrid(1986).Thereareconvincingmorphological
and ecological arguments for treating A. lycia and A. bryoides as vicarious species. For an ac-
count of the synvicariad chasmophytic syntaxa of the E Mediterranean, see Hein & al. (1998),
andfortherockcommunitiesofGreece,Quézel(1964,1967).
In our discussion of the relatives of Arabis lycia, considerable stress is laid on the indu-
mentum(Fig.4-5).A.lyciaandA.bryoidesshareamixedindumentumofsmooth,“stellate”and
simple hairs, while the proportions and the length of hair types are specifically distinct. A.
carduchorums.l.(incl.A.armena)isreportedheretohavestronglypapillosehairs,butwithde-
viating branching. The last species compared is A. androsacea, which differs in its long, silky
andsimpleindumentumofsmoothhairs.
The new record underlines the importance of the Lycian Taurus as a speciation centre and
refugiumarea,whosefloristictreasuresarestillfarfrombeingfullyknown.Italsoemphasises
thattheAnatolianmountainsformonepartofthediversitycentresofthegenus,with19species
(includingeightendemic)ofArabiss.str.(excl.TurritisL.)inTurkey(Cullen1965,Davis& al.
1988)andc.18intheFloraIranicaarea(Hedge1968).Inneighbouringregions,arapiddecline
indiversity(especiallyinperennialsofmountainhabitats)isobserved,with,e.g.,onlyfourspe-
cies in Cyprus, Iraq and Palestine respectively (Hedge & Lamond 1980, Meikle 1977, Zohary
1966).
Acknowledgements
OurthanksareduetoMrIanC.Hedge(Edinburgh),whokindlyexaminedasampleofthethen
putativenewtaxon,commentedonitandconfirmedourideaofitstaxonomicstatus.Weareno
lessgratefultoDipl.-Biol.EckhardvonRaab-Straube,whojoinedour1992fieldpartyforthree
months, and to Mr Markus Döring and Mr Darko Tolomir, who shared with first author all the
burdensandjoyofthefieldworkin1999.
The work of the first author is supported by a research grant of the Deutsche Forschungs-
gemeinschaft (DFG: Pa 747/1-2), which is gratefully acknowledged. Prof. Dr Neriman Özhatay
(Istanbul)kindlyassistedinapplyingfortheresearchpermit(no.017850)bytheTurkishGovern-
ment.Finally,wethankthetechnicalstaffoftheBGBM,especiallyMrsBrigitteSchreiber(photo
techniques),MrsMonikaLüchow(SEM),andMrMichaelRodewald(drawings),fortheirassis-
tance.
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