Arabic Historical Dialectology: Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Approaches

447 Pages·2018·4.43 MB·English

by  Clive Holes

Arabic Historical Dialectology
OXFORD STUDIES IN DIACHRONIC AND HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS
GENERALEDITORS
AdamLedgewayandIanRoberts,UniversityofCambridge
ADVISORYEDITORS
Cynthia Allen, Australian National University; Ricardo Bermúdez-Otero, University of
Manchester;TheresaBiberauer,UniversityofCambridge;CharlotteGalves,Universityof
Campinas;GeoffHorrocks,UniversityofCambridge;PaulKiparsky,StanfordUniversity;
AnthonyKroch,UniversityofPennsylvania;DavidLightfoot,GeorgetownUniversity;Giuseppe
Longobardi,UniversityofYork;GeorgeWalkden,UniversityofKonstanz;DavidWillis,
UniversityofCambridge
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ArabicHistoricalDialectology
LinguisticandSociolinguisticApproaches
EditedbyCliveHoles
Foracompletelistoftitlespublishedandinpreparationfortheseries,seepp.–
Arabic Historical
Dialectology
Linguistic and Sociolinguistic Approaches
Edited by
CLIVE HOLES
1
3
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Contents
Seriespreface viii
Listofmapsandtables ix
Listofabbreviations xi
Transliterationandtranscriptionconventions xiii
Thecontributors xvii
. Introduction 
CliveHoles
. TheearlyhistoryofArabic:Mythandreality 
. Earlywrittenevidence:‘MiddleArabic’/‘MixedArabic’ 
. EarlydialectalArabic 
. Substratesandborrowing 
. Dialectgeographyandtypology 
. Dialectchange,large-scaleandsmall-scale 
. Typesofinternallinguisticchange 
. Indexicalization 
. Pidginizationandcreolization 
. Concludingremarks 
. TheMaghrebidialectsofArabic 
JordiAguadé
. Introduction 
. Sources 
. Generalfeaturesandclassification 
. Substrata 
. TheArabizationoftheMaghreb 
. Phonology 
. Nominalmorphology 
. Verbmorphology 
. Wordorder:VSOorSVO 
. Loanwords 
. TheformationoftheEgyptianArabicdialectarea 
PeterBehnstedtandManfredWoidich
. Introduction 
. TheeasternDelta 
. ThewesternDelta 
. TheFayyūmandthenorthernNileValley(NME) 
. NorthernMiddleEgypt(NME) 
. SouthernMiddleEgypt(SME) 
vi Contents
. UpperEgypt 
. Theoases 
. Theroleofsubstrata 
. Conclusion 
. Theadnominallinker-aninAndalusiArabic,withspecialreference
tothepoetryofIbnQuzmān(twelfthcentury) 
IgnacioFerrando
. Introduction 
. Thecorpus 
. Theadnominallinker-aninIQ 
. Conclusions 
. TheArabicdialectsoftheGulf:Aspectsoftheirhistorical
andsociolinguisticdevelopment 
CliveHoles
. Ancientinheritedelements 
. Dialecttypology 
. Summaryandconclusions 
. Judaeo-Arabic 
GeoffreyKhan
. Introduction 
. PeriodsofwrittenJudaeo-Arabic 
. SpokenJudaeo-Arabicdialects 
. Furtherreading 
. TheLevant 
JérômeLentin
. Thegeographicalareacovered 
. OntheeveofArabicization 
. Thesourcesandtheirinterpretation 
. LevantineandEgyptiandialects 
. Phoneticsandphonology 
. Pronouns 
. Morphophonology 
. Verbmorphology 
. Auxiliaryverbs 
. Preverbs 
. Existentialparticlefī 
. Conjunctions 
. Genitiveparticles 
. Adverbs 
. Lexicon 
. TheAramaicsubstrate 
. Finale 
Contents vii
. Dialects(speechcommunities),theapparentpast,and
grammaticalization:Towardsanunderstandingofthe
historyofArabic 
JonathanOwens
. Preamble 
. Terminologyandbasicbackground 
. Fivecasestudiesof*b- 
. Reconstruction 
. Speechcommunitiesanddialectalapparentpast 
. Grammaticalization 
. Conclusion 
. TheNorthernFertileCrescent 
StephanProcházka
. Introduction 
. Historyofsettlement 
. Linguisticdescriptionoffeaturesrelevanttohistoricaldialectology 
. Conclusions 
. HistoricalandtypologicalapproachestoMauritanianand
WestSaharanArabic 
CatherineTaine-Cheikh
. Origin(s)andtheArablegacy 
. AverygradualArabization 
. SouthArabianandArabicdialects 
JanetWatson
. PhonologicallinksbetweenSouthArabianandYemenidialects 
. MorphologicallinksbetweenSouthArabianandYemenidialects 
. LexicallinksbetweenSouthArabianandYemenidialects 
. SyntacticsimilaritiesbetweenSouthArabianandYemenidialects 
. Wordstressandprosodiclinks 
. Conclusions 
Glossary 
Bibliography 
Indexofnames 
Indexofsubjects 
Series preface
Modern diachronic linguistics has important contacts with other subdisciplines,
notably first-language acquisition, learnability theory, computational linguistics,
sociolinguistics,andthetraditionalphilologicalstudyoftexts.Itisnowrecognizedin
thewiderfieldthatdiachroniclinguisticscanmakeanovelcontributiontolinguistic
theory,tohistoricallinguistics,andarguablytocognitivesciencemorewidely.
Thisseriesprovidesaforumforworkinbothdiachronicandhistoricallinguistics,
including work on change in grammar, sound, and meaning within and across
languages; synchronic studies of languages in the past; and descriptive histories of
oneormorelanguages.Itisintendedtoreflectandencouragethelinksbetweenthese
subjectsandfieldssuchasthosementionedinthepreviousparagraph.
The goal of the series is to publish high-quality monographs and collections of
papersindiachroniclinguisticsgenerally,i.e.studiesfocussingonchangeinlinguis-
tic structure, and/or change in grammars, which are also intended to make a
contribution to linguistic theory, by developing and adopting a current theoretical
model, by raising wider questions concerning the nature of language change, or by
developing theoretical connections with other areas of linguistics and cognitive
scienceaslistedatthebeginningofthispreface.Thereisnobiastowardsaparticular
languageorlanguagefamily,ortowardsaparticulartheoreticalframework;workin
alltheoretical frameworks, and work based on the descriptivetradition of language
typology,aswellasquantitativelybasedworkusingtheoreticalideas,alsofeaturein
theseries.
AdamLedgewayandIanRoberts
UniversityofCambridge
List of maps and tables
Maps
. Morocco 
. Algeria 
. Tunisia 
. TheEgyptianArabicdialectareatoday 
. Springpasturesofthetribesinimmediatepost-conquestEgypt 
. Thefsngobject/possessivepronounenclitic:formsandtheirincidence
ineasternandsouthernArabiatoday 
. Thedialectal-in(n)-activeparticipleinfix:incidenceineasternand
southernArabiatoday 
. Arabic-speakingareasofnorth-easternNigeriaandCameroon 
. LanguagesspokenintheNorthernFertileCrescenttoday:Arabic,Turkish,
Kurdish,Aramaic 
. ‘Bedouin’and‘sedentary’ArabicdialectareasintheNorthernFertile
Crescent 
Tables
. IndependentpronounsinDjidjelli,easternAlgeria 
. Geminateverbs,s-stem,MuslimdialectofMarrakech 
. Geminateverbs,s-stem,JewishdialectofSefrou 
. FrenchandSpanishloanwordsinthedialectsofTangiersandCasablanca 
. IbnQuzmān’spoetry:frequencyofheadnounsbygenderandnumber 
. IbnQuzmān’spoetry:frequencyoftypesofnominaladjunct 
.a MesopotamianlexicalinfluencesonGulfArabic:agriculture-related 
.b MesopotamianlexicalinfluencesonGulfArabic:seafaring-and
fishing-related 
.c MesopotamianlexicalinfluencesonGulfArabic:generalitems 
. SomesalientA/BdialectalcontrastsinBahrainandOman 
. SometypicalcommunaldialectcontrastsinBahrain 
. ThedevelopmentofOA/q/,/k/,/g/inGulf‘sedentary’dialects 
. Numberofpredicates,tokensofb-intwoEmiratiArabiccorpora 
. b-CinNigerianArabic 