Arab Attitudes to Israel

552 Pages·1974·27.19 MB·English

by  Yehoshafat Harkabi

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ARAB
ATTITUDES
TO
ISRAEL
Y. Harkabi
Translated by Misha Louvish
O Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
AND
Originally published in 1972 by Israel Universities Press.
Published 1972 by Transaction Publishers
Published 2017 by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa
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Copyright © 1972 by Y Harkabi.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
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without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2014008621
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Harkabi, Yehoshafat, 1921-1994.
['Emdah ha-'Arvit ba-konflikt ha-'Arvi-Yisre eli. English]
Arab attitudes to israel / Y. Harkabi and translated by Misha Louvish.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-87855-168-2
1. Jewish-Arab relations. 2. Israel—Foreign public opinion, Arab. I.
Louvish, Misha, translator. II. Title.
DS119.7.H372132014
956.04--dc23
2014008621
ISBN 13: 978-0-87855-168-2 (hbk)
To the victims of the conflict—
Jews and Arabs

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
1. Aim and Method xv
2. Generalization, Identification and Sincerity xvi
3. Penetration in Depth and Perception of Significance xvii
4. Ideology and History xviii
5. Selectivity and the Psychology of the Researcher xix
6. General Remarks xx
7. Transliterator's Notes xxii
CHAPTER 1. THE ARAB OBJECTIVE IN THE CONFLICT 1
1. Undisguised Expressions of Objective 2
2. Ambiguous Expressions of Objective 3
a) Negative Expressions 4
b) Figurative and Metaphorical Expressions 5
3. Phrases Coined to Express the Objective 5
a) "Restoration of Stolen Rights" 5
b) "Liberation," "Restoration" etc. 6
c) "Just Solution," etc. 8
d) "Rectification (or Undoing) of the Crime (Injustice or
Mistake) of 1948" 9
e) "Purging (or Liquidation) of Zionist (or Israeli).
Aggression," etc. 9
f) "Liberation of the Motherland from Zionism," etc. 10
g) "Repulsion of the Zionist Danger," etc. 11
h) "Liquidation of the Traces of Aggression"
(izalat athar al-udwan) 12
4. Significance of Use of Direct and Indirect
Formulations of the Objective: Criteria of Frequency 13
5. The Objective of Compliance with UN Resolutions 18
vii
Viii ARAB ATTITUDES TO ISRAEL
6. Inadequacy of UN Resolutions 25
7. Liquidation By Peaceful Means 29
8. The Objective in Propaganda for External Consumption 33
9. The Distinction Between Liquidating a State
and Liquidating its Population 37
10. Symbols of Liquidation 40
11. Summing-up of the Arab Attitude 41
12. The Dynamics of the Objective 45
CHAPTER 2. THE ARAB IDEOLOGY OF THE CONFLICT 50
1. Why Ideology? 50
a) The Nature of the Ideology 51
b) Criteria of Ideologies 52
c) Sources 57
2. Justification for Liquidation of Israel 60
a) Liquidation as the Rectification of a Historic Injustice 60
b) The Aim: Rectification of the Injustice Not Liquidation 62
c) The Unjust Fact Must Be Rejected 63
d) The Obligation to Respect State Sovereignty Does Not
Apply to Israel 64
e) Liquidation Only Retribution for Previous Liquidation 65
f) Israel is Liable to Expand 66
g) Liquidation as a Preventive and Defensive Operation 67
h) Israel is Aggressive By Nature and Therefore Must Be
Liquidated 68
i) Israel is Essentially Evil and Deserves Annihilation 70
j) Israel as an Imperialist Base Endangering the Region 70
k) Israel as a Source of Instability 70
1) Liquidation as a Historic Task and Duty to Humanity 71
m) The State of Israel is Unnatural 72
n) Liquidation of Israel Will Save the Honour of the Arabs 72
3. The Expansion of the State of Israel 73
a) Expansion as Essential to Zionism 74
b) Proofs from Zionist Sources 77
c) Denials of Expansionist Aims are Fraudulent 78
d) Zionism Aims at Ingathering the Jewish People in the
Jewish State 78
e) Expansionist Aspirations Part of Israel's Nature 79
f) Israel Not Content With Present Borders Which are "Not
Historic and Not Convenient" 80
CONTENTS IX
g) Israel Most Expand in Order to Exist 81
h) The Opportunity For Expansion Reveals the Hidden Aim 81
i) The Name Eretz Israel (Land of Israel) 82
j) Dominating the Whole World 82
4. Liquidating is Feasible 83
a) The Artificiality of Israel Must Be Fatal 84
b) The Jews are Quarrelsome and Cannot Maintain a State 85
c) Israel Has No Basis For Existence as Her Territory and
Resources are Limited 85
d) Her Existence Depends on Transitory Foreign Aid 86
e) The Arab Seige and Arab Hostility Will Strangulate Israel 86
f) Time Works Against Israel 87
g) The Lesson of the Crusades 88
h) The Will of the Arabs Will Prevail 90
i) Israel's Fate Bound Up With Declining Colonialism 91
j) The Religious Argument 91
5. The Nature of the Conflict as the Arabs See It 92
6. Pacifism—Except For Israel 104
a) Justice Before Peace 106
b) Peace Confirming Aggression is Invalid 107
c) No Acquiescence in Colonialism 108
d) The Psychological Justification 109
e) Any Settlement Must Be First of All With the Palestinians 109
f) Distrust of Israel and Her Calls For Peace 109
g) The Argument From Utility 110
h) Israel Would Profit From Peace By Expanding 110
i) Israel Does Not Want Peace Either 111
CHAPTER 3. HOSTILITY AND THE CONCEPT
OF THE ENEMY 113
1. Hostility 113
2. Images in the Conflict 115
a) Projection 115
b) Selectivity, Rejection and Repression 116
3. The Enemy is Arab Nationalism 120
a) Externalization of Guilt 122
b) The Enemy as a Coalition 126
4. Factors in Arab Hostility 127
a) Hostility As a Cultural Manifestation Language 128
b) The Islamic Factor in Hostility 132