Aquatic Recreation

132 Pages·2007·3.8 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
EC 102 697
ED 146 719
,
,
1
Cordellcs, 'Harry C.
AUTHOR
'
Aquatic Recreation, for Whe Blind.
TITLE
/
American Alliance eot Health, Pbuickl Education, and
INSTITUTION
.
Recreation, Washington, D.C.
Bureau cf Education for the Handicapted.(DHEW/OE),
SPONS AGENCY
-Washington, D.C..Div. of Innovation and
,
Development.
''"
447AH50022.
REPORT NO
,
,
PUB DATE
Jul 76
'
.-
)G007500556
GRANT
133p.; For related information, see EC 102 692 - EC,
NOTE .'
f
102 698,
.A.VAILABIE FROM `Physical Education and RecLeation for the
Information at% Research Utilization
Center (IRUCI., 1201 Sixteenth Street, N.R.,,
Washington, D.C. 20036 ($7.95)
MF-$0.83 Plus Po'stage. HC Not Available from
EDRS PRICE
*Adapted Physical Education; *Blind; Partially.
pESCRIPTCRS
Sighted;' Physical Education; *Recreati,4; *SIO.mming;
Swimming Pobis; Teaching Methods; Visually,
Handicapped
f
ABSTRACT
.
The sixth iw a series of booklets on physical
education and rboreation for the handicapped describes aquatic'
activities for blind persons. Written by a partially sighted athlete,
the document discusses swimming pool characteristict and special
pools for the,yisually impaired. Qualities of swimmng instructors
survival
are reviewed, and suggestions for teaching svimming, diving,
swimming, lifesaving, small craft use, water skiing and skin and
scuba diving are given. Twd final chapters Locus cn recreational
swiiming (including stunts and water games) and new goals for the
blind in aquatics (such as participation in synchronized swimming' and
aquatic competition).
(CL)
4
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U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
'EDUCATION & WELFARE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATION
HA, BEEN RERRO-
DOL ..'MEtv
O''<f0
AS RECEIVED FROM
EXAC
7.4EpE. ;60N OR ORGANIZATION
r PO,NrS
OR OPINIONS
A'ED DO N," NECESSAR'LY REPRE
SEN' C`J ,,(
NA' ONAL 'NST,TUTE OF
ED-'A"ON PC,S ',ON OP PO: CY
AQUATIC RECREATION FOR_TfiE BLIND
By
4.
Harry C. Cordellos
Lecturer/Demonstrator
in
Adaptations by the,:
Visually Impaired It
Recreation, Sports, Crafts,
Physical Fitness
and Hepith
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4
Physical &location and Recreati6n for the
Prepared and Distributed by:
Handapped:
Irlformation and "'search
-
Utilization Center (IRUC), 1201 Sixteenth
t.
"Street, N. W., Washington, D. C., 20036
American Alliance fpr Health, Physical
Sponsored by:
Education and Recreation
'1"
%
A Project dfc
Bureau of Education for the Handicapped,
Division of Innovation and Development,
.
U. S. Office of Eddcaion, Department of
.Health, Education and Welfare
ts.
I
E.
r
July 1976
GraA
1
performed pursuant to a
The project presented or reported herein ;was
education, Department` of Health, Education, and
from the U. 5. Office of
ne-cessarfly reflect
H6wever, 'the,opinion e4pressed,herein do not
Welfare.
Office ol'Education, and no official
the position or policy'of the U., S.
should be infered. /
endorsement by the'U. S. Office of' Education
(
(
G00.7500556
GRANT Number:
447AH50022
PROJECT Number:
4
. .
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
No goal Is too high if we
climb with care and confidence.
We are honored and privileged to introduce Harry C. Cordellos through
this publication, Aquatic Recreation for the Blind.
Hprry Cordellos
speaks from experience and-from a most important vantage point--he is tbtally
blind.
Harry ,Cordellos' has known the effects of both an active life and
an overprotected one. From his first ride on water skis, he, was convinced
that ticere is'some physical recreational activity foCeveryone.
Harry
)
Gorddllos fels that neither age nor physical impairment should ever be
used as a reason for an individual not being active.
Harry Cordellos was bdrn blind with glaucoma.
operations,
After several
.he was able to see for aboilt ,twenty years.
However; he lost partial vision
again and further operations were not successful.
'apecial orientation training made it pdtsible for hiM to attend City
College of:San Francisco where he received en associate of art,s degree in
education.
A bachelor's degree in recreation and master's degree in
physical education were earned at CaliFornieState University at Haywood.
He was introduced to a variety of sports and athletic activities while at
California State where he learned to play golf
bowl, swim, dive, and skin
In addition, he took part in lifesaving, water safety,
and scuba dive.
gymnagtics, and long distance running programs.
While at the Orientation Getter for the Blind, he first participated
tin an aquatic activity--water skiing.
Because of the exhileration and
excitmdnt of water skiing, he decided that' be must'learn to swim. Strong
conviction in the-Values of swimming led Harry Cordellos to explore as
many aquatic activities as possible.
Because he felt that these ex-
periences and self-confidence resulting from them'must be shafed and not
kept to himself, writing a book on thig subject became one of his highest
Adding 'to personal participation have been experiences teaching
goals.
avatic activities to other visually impaired and disabled persons.
While at California State University, he competed in diving events off
'
In addition, he is certified by the
both one And three meter boards.
American National Red Gross in water safety instruction and lifesaving.
After graduation he joined the,5an Francisco Dolphin SwiniMing and
Boating Club which conducts swimming events in San Francisco Bay.
In
addftion'to participating in usual club events as its first blind member,
he competes annually, in the Golden Gate Swim which begins at the San
Francisco shore and finishes across the Golden Gate op the Marin County
shore.
Since 1968 Barry Cordellos has been active 'in competitive long dis-
He runs in races over'roads and on cross country courses,
tance ,running.
in dlstances from one mile to marathon.
He has run in the Boston marathon
six times and in 1975 becamethe first blind runner to complete the dis-
tance in less than three hours--two hours, 57 minutes, 42 seconds!.
.
iii
k.)
4
In early 1965 Harry Cordellos was .introduced to cross country skiing
_
Norway.
and has skied in competition in Colorado, Minnesota, and Valches,
All events have
Distances have ranged from-four to twenty-five kilometers.
been international races involving blind and other disabled athletes.
Harry Codellos has a strong interest in creative arts and crafts in-
He has developed techniques which permit
volvingIpod, plastic and metal.
His latest new challenges,
him to use power tools with safety and confidence.
include tandem bike riding,.hang gliding (only, under ideal wind sonditions,),
When not enjoying one of his favorite sports, Harry
-and beep baseball.
Cordellos is often giving guest lectures to schools, colleges or service clubs,
techniques,
He hAs taught university extension courses dealing with adapted
crafts.
for physically impaired persons and a course in arts and
de. interest in such a
-Obvi6usly there are many reasons for, his
variety of sports and recreational activities .4 Harry Cordellos states
simply",, "I have found confidence and1just plain and simple enjoyment in
I have long felt that the handicapped are over pro-
sports activities'.
tected and either run away from-stgptially valuable recreation experiences
or they are scared away by many wellaniuk,but negative attitudes re-
does not mean abandon,"
My feeling is safety first.
garding safety.
aria-
mea
It simpl
everything that seems dangerous.
actical
ons to anything which may seem
f
i.
or dangerous."
Yes°, Harry Cordellos speaks with authority and experience that give
His practical, common
Aquatic'Recreation for the Blind a unique dimension.
sense, safety-first emphasis make techniques and approaches more meaningful
for and applicable to persons wanting to initiate, expand, or enrich
-
-aquatic programs and activities for blind and partially sighted parrticipan,ts.
Actually everydne teaching aquatic activities will find greater understand-
acti4kties by using many of these
ing and broader insight into aquatic
techniques with all students, visually impaired or sighted; they will find
This publication is going
themselves.msze-sensiEive and better teachers.
to result in many blind and partially sighted persons having highel-
quail.* lives wo rth livIng froimactive participation in aquatic-activities.
your,'
To Harry Cordellos, our thanks, --appser_i_atiod, and gratitude for
Thanks,
dedication, commitment, aria outstandingronal -conttibution.
good loCk,'and continued success in all that you do.
U.'Stein, Director
Julia
nd AAHPER Consultant.
IRUC
Programs fo, the Handicapped
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PREFACE
a
,
e of the many aquatic 'ac-
The purpose of this book is to point out
som
tivities which are possible and highly practical for blind and partially
sighted persons, and to discuss how these activities can be presented to
aem with a minimum offprOblems and no increased risk to their personal
In view of therelatively limited progress by blind and partially
safety.
sighted persons in thiyield, it is hoped that this book stimulates
interest on the part of instructors and visugiTY impaired individuals
alike. e,It is further' hoped that various aquatic activities presented are
soon enjoyed bythe many blind and partially, sighted persons who want and
need the challenges and self-confidence Which are broughl about thiough
participation in these recreational activities. --
Opportunities for blind and partially sighted persons. in aquatics,
both present and future, are not completely defined within the/ pages of
This material is simply a frameWork or outline_based on
this kook.
aquatic experiences which are already p6sible and practical, but which
,
are enjoyed by a relatively limited number of visually impaired individuals.
I hope that this framework is continuously built upon by the imagination
of forward looking individuals who are instructors of blind or partially
sighted students whoface the challenges aheid.
The concept of normal Aquatic recreation for visually impaired persons
It has prob'ably been conceived hundred of times in the
is-not a new one.
past by imaginative individtals, and will probably continue to war up
Unfortunately such experiences usually
again and Again in the futufe,
ve occurred in isolated situations and never really had enough momentum'
For every impaired or disabled,
into established piograms.
to dev
shes a new-skill or degree of success, word usually
person who ace:-
However,
.ividuals in the immediate vicinity.
does leak out to a fe
es, and the whole concept is then
the newness wears off,_the i
completely lost again until somebody e1 `e r di covei"S-tr7--
After realizing the tremendod's impact of aquatic activities on self-
k .
confidence, good health, and physical fitness, it became immediately clear
to me that this new and exciting area of recreational opportunity should'
_that
somebody else may re-
not teslost or buried once again with the hope
discove,K these ideas at a later time. ____Ther-e was an obvious need for
gattLeang, these skillsjuILEmlatechrtiiilearni4 into book form, not only
for visually impaired indivipivals interestedtin learn ngabout new ac- .-
,
\
befit
of those who work with blind and pattially.
tivities but also for the
sighted persons in recreation programs.
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Water activity is highly recommendefor the great majority of impaired
and disabled persons; visdally impaired individuals are certainly included
So now we have arrived at a most important reason for
in this group.
Material in pages which follow
writing.Aquatic Recreation for the Blind.
is not a personal accouqt of one man's experiences in a variety of aquatic,
While I have Fad experience in all of the ac-
recreational activities.
tivities presented, each of the skills discussed ,s also being success-
fully accomplished by numerous blindand partially sighted individuals
throughout the United States, aswell as in other colIntries around the world.
-.,
if
II
.
of the ideas and methods promoted in this book have been sciqptif-,
Al
ically and successfully tested and'provento p highly practical and effec
book similar to this at a
It would be false to assumes,that another
eive.
have even more effective means of teaching aquatic
later time might n
14.15
$.!
HOweAr,:most significant at this
Aired persons.
skills to visually i
time is.that all of the methods presented have been proven safe--and they
Emphasis, now and hopefully in all programs, nd books to follow
do work.
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is to. be safety first.
Q
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:Harry C. Cordellos
San Francisco, California
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TABLE OF CONTENTS,',
.
The World.of Water Recreation
1
u Aquatics and Vi'suaily Impaired Persons
1
4
Exploring the World bf Aqpatics
,
Defining our Goal
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f
4
.--'"
4
.
Practical Pools for Visually IMrgired.Pet-sons...
-
-7)
I,
,__..
Swimming Pool Charlcteristics
1
.
Shape:.
Size and
881V
.
,..
Paol Bottoms and Depth Ranges
.
91
The Pool Deck
9'>
/
%.,
9
Scum Gutters.
.
11
Wall Ladders
.
11
Pool Environments
%
..
L2
Diving Boards,
*;
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,
1!
Shower and Locker Rooms
-,
13
V
Special Features
--.
13
_Special.Pools for Speciql Purposes
''
13
The Instructional POol
s L
.
. .
Xbols'for Competition
115_
4
1
16
TheDiving Pool
16:
ThecHutt.iple Pooltomplex
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1
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17
Summary
i
19'
Who Teaches Aquatics and How..
19'
The School or College Instrpctor
..
20f
The Volunteer Instructor
t.
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20
The Coadh of Skilled Athlete
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21
The Qualities of,,,a Good Indltructor
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22
Class Arrangement
23
The Specialized Class for Blind Students
.
23
The,glind Student in a Normal Class
24
Summary
.
_
The Foundation foi.Water Confidence and Safety
25
Swimming:
26
TeachingsSwimming to Blind Individuals
-
26
AdOsting to a New Envi'roqment
'
27
Building Confidence with Swimming Skills
,
4.,
30
4
Special Problems for Blind Swimmers
,f,
.
30
Water Orientation
..
30
Collisions with Walls and Other awiimerrs
.
31
Problems Peculiar to Styles of Swimmirig
c
32
gutting New:Skills to Use
.
32
Summary
,r
Learning to Dive
.33
,4rJ3
Values-and Objectives
..;
34
iving Restrictions
34
iving from the Edge of the Pool
.
35
Partial Vision and When to Use It
.
s
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,
35
Orientation to the Diving Area
vii
J
111
35
Swimming Apility ,
,
Progressing to a Standing Dive
36
,
i
N.
Springboard Diving
38
i
J
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38
'Special Problerg for Consid
ation
k
41r
Diving frop 011 One-Meter Boa d
43
Control of th
Body in Flight \ '
1
;
44 =
.The Three-Meter Board
r
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Clown Dives 46
.Flying SeatDrop
47
s
47
The Preadter's Spat.
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The Can Opener
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48
Cannon-Ball
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48 :-
The Importance 'of Visual Imagery
49
Safety Tips for the Blind Diver
49
Safety in and Around the Pool
.\
Safety on the Diving Board
50
51
Summary
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Survital Swimming and Lifesaving.
53
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A
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Foriing a Healthy Attitude Toward Aquatics
54
41
1
55
:Training'Programs'
,
. 56
.Objectives ofSuryival Swimming and Lifesav ng
Special Problems for Blind Persons in Lifesa ing
59
Practical Applicationof Technique
.160
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63
Small Craft Safety and Instruction
64
Getting' Aquainted with Small-Craft
'
Orientation on Land
66
)
#
Boating Saftty and Instruction in the Water
%
'67
.
68
Attitudes Toward 'Boating.
.,
.
,
68
Water Inst)suction
4,'
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69
Learning Fundamentals
..
70
Adaptatl.ons'for Sailing
i
70
Special Problems for Blind. Persons in Boating
c
72
Mhy Boating for Blind Per5ons9
r
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t
75
Water Skiing.
,
.76
The Equipment and How it Works.
,
77
Skis
/
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79
Ski Tow Ropes.;
A
4
The Life Preserver
-7.
4
79.
,.,
80
The Water Ski Start
82
The SimulatedStart
84
The Blind Skier Behind the Boat
,
85
Commands from the Boat Operator
.
85
Commands Given by the Skier
.86
Skiing with a Partner
.
The Starting Command
87
yariations in Water Skiing 87
88
Safety in Water Skiing
r
88
Safety in the Boat.t
.4
P
.
89
Making the Start
..
89
General Safety Habits
t
4