Aquatic Invertebrates of Alberta

551 Pages·1991·38.45 MB·English

by  Hugh F. Clifford

Aquatic
Invertebrates
of Alberta
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An Illustrated Guide
Aquatic
Invertebrates
of Alberta
Hugh F. Clifford
OOA
The University of Alberta Press
First published by
The University of Alberta Press
Athabasca Hall
Edmonton, Alberta
Canada
T6G 2E8
Copyright © The University of Alberta Press 1991
ISBN 0-88864-233-4 cloth
0-88864-234-2 paper
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Clifford, Hugh F.
Aquatic invertebrates of Alberta
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-88864-223-4 (bound)—
ISBN 0-88864-234-2 (pbk.)
1. Aquatic invertebrate—Alberta—identification.
I. Title.
QL221.A4C45 1991 592.097123 C91-091241-6
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
forms or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the
prior permission of the copyright owner.
Typesetting by Printing Services, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
Printed on acid-free paper. °°
Printed by D.W. Friesen & Sons, Altona, Manitoba, Canada
To Joan, Marie and John
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Contents
Acknowlegements xi
1. Introduction 1
2. Methods 6
• Nonarthropoda
3. Porifera Sponges 17
4. Hydrozoa Hydras 24
5. Microturbellaria Microflatworms 29
6. Tricladida Planarians 32
7. Nematoda Roundworms 36
8. Nematomorpha Horsehair Worms 38
9. Gastrotricha 42
10. Rotifera Wheel Animals 44
11. Bryozoa Moss Animals 55
12. Oligochaeta Aquatic Earthworms 60
1 3. Hirudinea Leeches 70
14. Gastropoda Snails 86
15. Pelecypoda Clams 101
16. Tardigrada Water Bears 112
O Arthropoda
1 7. Arthropoda: Introduction and Key to Major Taxa 117
vii
Arachnida
18. Hydrachnidia Water Mites 123
19. Araneae Water Spiders 1 34
Crustacea
20. Introduction to Crustacea 137
21. Anostraca Fairy Shrimp 140
22. Notostraca Tadpole Shrimp 144
23. Conchostraca Clam Shrimp 146
24. Cladocera Water Fleas 149
25. Copepoda 160
26. Branchiura Fish Lice 167
27. Ostracoda Seed Shrimp 168
28. Introduction to the Malacostraca 173
29. Amphipoda Scuds 1 76
30. Malacostraca Other Than Amphipoda 1 79
Insecta
31. Insecta: Introduction and Major Taxa 185
32. Collembola Springtails 188
33. Ephemeroptera Mayflies 191
34. Odonata Dragonflies and Damselflies 220
35. Plecoptera Stoneflies 246
36. Hemiptera True Bugs 274
37. Megaloptera: Sialidae Fishflies 303
38. Neuroptera: Sisyridae Spongilla-flies 307
39. Lepidoptera Aquatic Moths 310
40. Trichoptera Caddisflies 314
viii
41. Coleoptera Beetles 353
42. Diptera True Flies 391
Glossary 449
Addresses 461
References Cited 463
Survey of References to Alberta's Freshwater Invertebrates 479
Index 525
IX