AquaTech : best practices for pool and aquatic facility operators

227 Pages·2008·24.14 MB·English

by  Human Kinetics (Organization)

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Human Kinetics
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
AquaTech : best practices for pool and aquatic facility operators.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-6560-3 (hard cover)
ISBN-10: 0-7360-6560-1 (hard cover)
1. Aquatic sports facilities--Management. 2. Aquatic sports facilities--Maintenance and repair. 3. Swimming pools--
Management. I. Human Kinetics (Organization)
GV770.7.A68 2008
643’.5560288--dc22
2007033658
ISBN-10: 0-7360-6560-1 (print) ISBN-10: 0-7360-8588-2 (Adobe PDF)
ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-6560-3 (print) ISBN-13: 978-0-7360-8588-5 (Adobe PDF)
Copyright © 2008 by Human Kinetics, Inc.
All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any elec-
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ing, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the publisher.
Notice: Permission to reproduce the following material is granted to individuals and agencies who have purchased
AquaTech: Best Practices for Pool and Aquatic Facility Operators: pp. 133 and 143-145. The reproduction of other parts of
this book is expressly forbidden by the above copyright notice. Persons or agencies who have not purchased AquaTech:
Best Practices for Pool and Aquatic Facility Operators may not reproduce any material.
Permission notices for material reprinted in this book from other sources can be found on pages xi-xii.
The Web addresses cited in this text were current as of July, 2007, unless otherwise noted.
Acquisitions Editor: Jill E. White; Staff Writer: Patricia Sammann; Developmental Editor: Christine M. Drews; Assis-
tant Editors: Heather M. Tanner and Kyle G. Fritz; Copyeditor: Patsy Fortney; Proofreader: Jim Burns; Indexer: Anne
Truesdale; Permission Manager: Carly Breeding; Graphic Designer: Bob Reuther; Graphic Artists: Bob Reuther and
Angela K. Snyder; Cover Designer: Bob Reuther; Photographers (cover): clockwise, from left: © iStockphoto.com/
Rene Mansi; © Eyewire/Photodisc; by Jill White; © iStockphoto.com/Edwin Verin; by Jill White; Photographer (inte-
rior): Neil Bernstein, unless otherwise noted; Photo Asset Manager: Laura Fitch; Visual Production Assistant: Joyce
Brumfield; Photo Office Assistant: Jason Allen; Art Manager: Kelly Hendren; Associate Art Manager: Alan L. Wilborn;
Illustrator: Argosy; Printer: Custom Color Graphics/Dekker Bookbinding
We thank Sholem Aquatic Center in Champaign, Illinois, Urbana Indoor Aquatic Center in Urbana, Illinois, and Savannah
Yacht Club in Savannah, Georgia, for assistance in providing the locations for the photo shoots for this book. We also
thank Rasmussen Pool ’N Patio, Champaign, Illinois, and Pride Pools & Spas, Savannah, Georgia, for their assistance
in providing equipment.
Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Human Kinetics
Web site: www.HumanKinetics.com
United States: Human Kinetics Australia: Human Kinetics
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e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
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[phone]
e-mail: [email protected]
Contents
Preface v (cid:129) From the Contributors ix (cid:129) Credits xi
1
Why Each Pool Is Unique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Indoor and Outdoor Pools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Size and Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Equipment and Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Water Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2
How a Pool Circulation System Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
How Water Flows Through the Pool Circulation System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
How Each System Part Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Turnover and Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3
How Filtration Systems Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Sand Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Diatomaceous Earth (DE) Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Cartridge Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4
How Chemical Feed and Automation Systems Work . . . . 41
Dry Chemical Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Liquid Chemical Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Gas Chemical Feeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Automation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5
How to Test the Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Manual Testing Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Testing Sanitizer Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Tests to Determine Water Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Specialized Water Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Handheld Electronic Testing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Keeping Records of Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
6
How to Sanitize and Oxidize the Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Chemicals That Sanitize and Oxidize Pool Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Equipment Used to Sanitize or Oxidize Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Evaluating Chlorine Test Results and Adjusting Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Breakpoint Chlorination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Controlling Algae With Chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
iii
S
7
T How to Balance the Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
N
E What Is Water Balance?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
T Determining Water Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
N
Adjusting Chemicals to Achieve Water Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
O
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
C
8
How to Control Exposure to Pathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Bloodborne Pathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Recreational Water Illnesses (RWIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Contact and Airborne Pathogens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Patron Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
9
How to Operate Safely. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Guidelines, Standards, and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Weather Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Chemical Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Physical Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Pool Workplace Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Facility Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
10
How to Perform Routine
and Preventive Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Maintenance Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Temperature and Humidity Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Maintenance Equipment and Supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Pool Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Cloudy Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Colored Water and Staining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Documentation and Record Keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
11
How to Perform Seasonal and Special Maintenance . . 163
Preparing for a Competitive Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Winterizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Opening a Seasonal Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Preparing for Major Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
12
How to Safely Operate Spa and Warm Water Pools . . . 181
Features of Spa Pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Warm Water Sanitation and Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Replacement of Spa Pool Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Features of Warm Water Pools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
AquaTech Performance Goal and Best Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Appendix: Resource List for Information, Guidelines, Standards, and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207
iv
Preface
C
ongratulations on your interest in becoming a pool plant operator! It’s a job with
a lot of responsibility, and in this book and the companion course we’ll show you
how to do it competently. This is not a book to skim through quickly. You’ll want to
read carefully to obtain a full understanding of the subject. Study the illustrations,
too, so that you get a visual picture of how to operate your pool.
The pool you operate might be a traditional rectangular pool, and it might be
used for leisure or competition. It might be a public indoor or outdoor pool, or it
might be located in a hotel or at a residential complex. Your pool might be used for
medical treatment, therapy, or lap swimming. Or the facility where you work might
be purely recreational in nature, featuring pools of various sizes and shapes, a
wave-action pool, a leisure river, a catch pool at the end of a water slide, or even
a spa pool or spray park.
The one thing all those pools need is a pool plant operator. Any body of water
regulated by health codes worldwide needs your expertise. As a pool plant opera-
tor, you have a number of important duties:
Ñ Keeping the water clear and free of germs
Ñ Maintaining a comfortable environment
Ñ Keeping the water chemically balanced
Ñ Minimizing risks to yourself and to patrons
Ñ Maintaining the pool structure, plant, and equipment
Ñ Keeping accurate records
Throughout the book you should regard pool plant operator as a generic term
that includes anyone with a responsibility for the mechanical aspects of pool plant
operation and water treatment. The aim of this book is to guide you in following safe
workplace practices, maintaining equipment with a long service life, and meeting
regulatory requirements.
Many public health agencies worldwide establish guidelines and health codes
for operating and maintaining nonresidential pools. As a pool plant operator, you
need to be aware of the aquatic guidelines developed by the national and inter-
national organizations. Even more important, to maintain an inviting facility that has
a negligible risk of infection or illness to patrons, you must know and follow the
codes and requirements of the regulatory agency that governs your pool.
v
E In this text we answer four basic questions about aquatic facilities:
C
A 1. How do swimming pools function?
F
E 2. How can you maintain water that is sparkling clear and free of germs?
R
P 3. What can you do to maintain the service life of your equipment and systems?
4. How can you maintain a safe and attractive facility?
These are the fundamentals of your job as a pool plant operator. Some pool plant
operators have additional pool management responsibilities, such as supervising
staff or programming. However, we have chosen to focus on the responsibilities
common to all operators, which is to maintain the facility’s physical plant.
This book, AquaTech: Best Practices for Pool and Aquatic Facility Operators, has
many features to help you learn the content, and it supports the online course and
classroom components of the AquaTech certification program. The contents of this
book and the AquaTech course are based on the required competencies estab-
lished by U.S. and international
training guidelines. Certification
by AquaTech meets or exceeds
Vacuum DE Filter
tnsrahehiwzegoea uuedrlelqa dt turo oaicfvri nyoaa inlnnaefdgginr ecmpanyrc o cwcogyefir tpoathhtmt h ayAesto q,rtu hburreeua ycltTo yoecaogcaruhe-l DpyIsooro uiybtro l cepulmo osouseld ewwy iatohtre r? Lipwoitattyiho,rk a heoebfctore l uio darsratcm re vniaiunn, ad ilttnosacho tegrrue e tdyreu haapo lmedevwou im fortamsiy lltsaet eueocynnrsrsva d.tt staen Ted fnr’tihmtflrhd ltaeboea im wertnto,h . ahpaue thIyo es nvDe lenh da idE antcsta a vs utantoentuhack kmewfn c ia lcco alDnD oerttdEdheEns er.i t wn afw jYiegtliaaothnte ssnuestrho k r tiade h,soy t oa a ftoiflhnnt e u lte ’diatharf t osenb tlpao t at odncuhocpikaminrsk etle.wi yps nr Y e a s DmoltgesoaEuhpacun . yamlt katuY ht btteuomihiosedsua nt ws tuchsd yiisai;stigs hsen ttfhp hde erdeeoe mdtronsco b et t ttharpoh yeoanu ifsgcfngil l lbrl l wue attothhlavihatteen-hher
certification. dcwiiarrtctyeu,rl a ottroi ooisn s tflhlooeww ? of tada onvTekiobs wr rnaeitotchoto rwh atatao vtt heekere .a eenpl ea tmuhteeo nmDtsaE,t islcoo odmseeeli vvaeanrcdyu maunme t ahfiuoltgdee,r srth hteoa DvdeEe lamiv deurrsy ti thb toeop btphreoera ffdieltceeadr.s eItf rm tthhaean tu fhialtalelsyr
Don’t ignore these into the open tank.
Ctou eksn otow hyeolupr yfoauc ilgiteyt kroW smetsyS noitartliF w 3oH spttotahiparogfonerb nofbd 3lisbebl l5e tde leoef,mis oarfm3t rsg f( 9.p.inyp l,rFtoo aaroisugacnrerettd ii 4so tcty hne03pe s)e4 , RTprctwTiehshuoehhge emndigi es csrtrp neuahiess ebi yngstnmrsseetaeeo tsanoetdrpi kevfm aa soeerar a tns ec bftim li uiyvrtlvpthit eeeeeswretrfe a,l hdDy DsDlteo hsEsaEEnwui tsn rfr ntf iadihaFlpz tno eeleriltdon l rhdtoD c eu tesfEheffnsur.res o eriTtss rmshuoh icesu setehow n sa eemdioatul hefepmit niowdmlnetem e.aetb ertDaTnyerluthtyE resa,pe d sh iytapso .e rf ileEiealarleetx atsrd,ttpac thuai tacheorinonn nrdte nedu dl r debc eecom heccotue.ooone tmW wamcnthtetaihepc eporedaod ntn lse, s w ialtm ntehbhintgmeeheed. a c e ftDignahnltEirueetnos s rg.gw’ses aeW ttsshmthsiehate ehpotd ttriDttaurthhetnmEyeerk,,.
Cleaning a Septum or Replacing an Element in a DE Filter
1. Take the elements out of the filter and
rinse them with water.
Step-by-step instructions 2. Check the cloth on the elements for
for common pool issues damage and replace torn cloth.
3. Place the elements in a filter cleaner
solution; then rinse. You may also
need to wash the elements with
an acidic filter cleaner, then rinse
again.
4. Put the element back onto the septum
and back into the filter.
Full-color art and photos
38
vi
We focus on the principles and practices that apply equally to all pools and E
C
identify common specialized circumstances. However, this book is not all inclusive,
A
and the advice might not apply in all situations. You’ll need to get some on-the-job F
E
training about the specifics of your particular facility. The best practices in this book
R
have limited application to pools created from separated areas of natural bodies P
of water such as lakes, rivers, or the sea.
Following the best practices will help you reduce accidents and incidents of ill-
ness, and the practical advice will help you comply with pool code regulations. The
recommendations should be followed only as they pertain to your location. There
might be other legally acceptable ways of achieving the same outcome. Where
a relevant local standard is more specific than this guidance or recommends a
higher level of performance, you should follow that standard.
Best Practices tables for
diagnosing, avoiding,
Best Practices: Solving DE Filter Problems and solving problems
da th iisg fheedr bthya gnr athve- Problem Possiblecauses Toavoidtheproblem Tofixtheproblem
osesue nt ws rucsd yifsa;ties hsentetp hde rddeoe mteonsco r e t t tarpoth ehonu ifsacfgil l ltbll wue thothlaihaattenhhers PiWrroiatoatle twirn agflto etwor ibissa mttohuoer rkssyl.o awn.d ÑÑTDicMcBncwolEataoureaonl ntictct hla etd icah pulrtu l,nehrmso pos attepa hjlteoods oi hncwnoceoost napil tn lih pdwoanegeesnstla oe i dtettbih mestt l aehe.ries c emif nfklt ootet shwrn.net.s. ÑÑCrgCemse3elltgl8eeeoet.autmpnainnltnsaehg rtnssth hbDth,es eaofE o Desws liivleEnsnoep t waofrotiylin untnt edhmt ghpre araot ehpvgneeooe a io d l . ÑÑCvhCittpdnahhalheu aceesteamhmu mpecneupan.uk m tsg t Amhfefuoe oelarpscr,re no f,tabdbi iy loantlc l oenontDdhhcr cd eslEekirk n ce raaapteekphgngom aatetdeoohito rs l oe .v ir te , if
e filter. If the filter ÑBlockage in the suction necessary.
oadcast manually line to the pump.
nsesw ialtm ntehbhintgmeeheed. a c e ftDignahnltEirueetnos s rg.gw’ses aeW ttsshmthsiehate ehpotd ttriDttaurthhetnmEyeerk,,. Pool water is not clear. ÑÑÑÑBtPeolMheDoocatlllnoeoleurnolaeil s cmgogtnvmmepshkwagnesueieaaenceecr mn ggn uguccdatttrneeps ultp-saDoif. udo.m.ei optlETp hnt rmp ebh .podca ireaanTienlrpa ocnghedo mitktiin phfhsndw ogai eeonemolga d n tbnteoa iern ytirttsgho h .es e ÑÑÑCebAmipeCjncloallelresrawheiesamnatnemcairctsnuucesoyk.e cf,knsatsa nht a tt ictftsieorhnosnet nue.odlgsglsor n e muep tw pfhlaroiaa’p ets trurnrhe lemyiesfg.o fulodlar, r ÑÑÑConwCepCmanehlirlnehte ecaehtdmeahvenc cDniesikerofke so Enutef pahloft.sdlos relerla y yr m aam, c.s c nsreeeired s pnadcis ftctpe osiunnksi,ampe sgcate e rintDnisdhbd, Eee te hm didfe . kroW smetsyS noitartliF w 3oH
pool.
n a DE Filter Cartridge Filters Handy notes to help you
Cbpdtruraeidetrp sgttrthsheidue sgcry,e a ewn r ffotihilrltwiitecde rhgrass er,a e wsar e,mle t whrtaehohn iuoniucgr fhiaagh nc ianadtrua efrrle eleytwqhd m iu cafieokrreear a nlavanta rdlfgoco weurre ruu qfmcsloueo.wi mrwTe rhmi ataehet e htsrw.cpi gTioaahh lst eya fa lpnocnedwads r pt srroaumidftb eacgl,ilae cl ar b tmpnraidodeco dgkslyiseuaa. r ffrMiisadlt ceo wperssoot couaaalnrrsered,- Focs10ionere rcapumpnoladooaglrt1 e1ie.osn, find motrhei sin bfooromkation in
omnruaeroc amCcpttn ,llho beeusevaaafoaecnctmecdk ksdte wufet trhrciaotme elsmoor eh’fstp hs t chcr r reaoeeainsrrc rft sstoirprluietimdaderdgpergm weecegesrasi.tna n,ho dui bsnagatu teelhiitogr a,ion hnnrrsitdsn atg stetoceaoa idu dddsg e wwwheciaaastihdps n eoh wdw r,- wa acittthhhnleeee drat, nh nwrv ee taao ptcdhs laucehirculmeteyemda .d o n iTn.ng h tYeaaheosu e fu igc sl ctmaeoear rarpt acrtyoirnld ieowddgalg a enfceno iin.mtrl lcgtoYouuwo p slkua tre ttohdibeodeoepn-
cthaenC cacarotrrntirdtiidnggueees iwasl hsciollee h ayanoveued c aalenna dOn l- utrhibnergi cf italhtetaert.d s. hTohuisld h belep sc hperecvkeendt fwora tdear mfroamge l eeaakcinhg ti mouet
and air from leaking in.
39
vii
E Your employer should assess and record your level of knowledge and demon-
C
strated competence over time. And you should strive to stay up to date with new
A
F developments in pool operations by joining professional organizations, reading
E
industry newsletters and journals, and attending conferences and workshops in your
R
P area. Further advice on many of the subjects introduced in this book is available
from the resources listed in the appendix. Additional information and interactive
activities designed to help you apply your knowledge can be found in the AquaTech
online course and certification program. You’ll find the laminated AquaTech Pool
Tool a handy reference as you operate your facility.
We welcome you to the challenging job of being a pool plant operator. Your
efforts will affect everyone who passes through your pool. In addition, you can
have a positive influence on your facility by doing your best to keep pool systems
in good working order.
viii