Table Of ContentAquaculture in China
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Aquaculture in China
Success Stories and Modern Trends
Edited by
Jian-Fang Gui
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
Qisheng Tang
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,
Qingdao, Shandong, China
Zhongjie Li
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan,
Hubei Province, China
Jiashou Liu
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan,
Hubei Province, China
Sena S. De Silva
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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This edition first published 2018
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Gui, Jian-Fang, editor. | Tang, Qisheng, editor. | Li, Zhongjie,
editor. | Liu, Jiashou, editor. | De Silva, Sena S., editor.
Title: Aquaculture in China : success stories and modern trends / edited by
Jian-Fang Gui, Qisheng Tang, Zhongjie Li, Jiashou Liu, Sena S. De Silva.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2018. | Includes
bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017051772 (print) | LCCN 2017061263 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119120766 (epub) | ISBN 9781119120742 (cloth)
Subjects: LCSH: Aquaculture–China.
Classification: LCC SH105 (ebook) | LCC SH105 .A27 2018 (print) | DDC
338.3/7180951–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017051772
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: (top) courtesy of Qidong Wang; (middle) courtesy of Qingyin Wang; (bottom) courtesy of Sena S. De Silva
Set in 10/12pt WarnockPro by SPi Global, Chennai, India
Printed in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall.
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Editors
Jian‐Fang Gui: Is a distinguished professor, CAS Academician, and TWAS
fellow at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and has
had over 35 years’ experience in fish genetic breeding and freshwater aquacul-
ture; has published over 400 peer‐reviewed papers.
Qisheng Tang: Is an Academician and Chief Scientist at the Chinese Academy
of Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, and has had nearly
50 years’ experience in marine fisheries and ecosystem research, including
aquaculture ecology; has published over 300 peer‐reviewed papers.
Zhongjie Li: Is a Professor at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences; the Director General of the Chinese National Research Centre for
Freshwater Fishery Engineering (Wuhan), and has had 42 years’ experience in
freshwater aquaculture and fisheries ecology research; has published over 200
peer‐reviewed papers.
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vi Editors
Jiashou Liu: Is a Professor at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, and has had nearly 30 years’ experience in freshwater aquaculture
and fisheries research; has published over 150 peer‐reviewed papers.
Sena S. De Silva: Is an Honorary Professor at Deakin University, Victoria,
Australia, and also served as the Director General of the inter‐governmental
agency, the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia‐Pacific (NACA), and has
had over 40 years’ experience in aquaculture‐related research and develop-
ment; has published widely and authored and edited many advanced texts in
aquaculture.
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Contents
List of Contributors xxix
Foreword xxxvii
Preface xxxix
Acknowledgments xli
Section 1 Notable Developments in Chinese Aquaculture in the Past Few Decades 1
1.1 Contribution of Chinese Aquaculture to the Sector, Globally, and to Overall Food Security 3
Jiansan Jia, Weiming Miao, Junning Cai, and Xinhua Yuan
1.1.1 Evolution of Chinese Aquaculture 3
1.1.1.1 Aquaculture for Improved Fish Supply for Food and Nutrition 4
1.1.1.2 Aquaculture for Improved Rural Livelihoods 5
1.1.1.3 Sustainable Development of Aquaculture with an Emphasis on Social and Environmental Benefits 6
1.1.2 Contribution of Chinese Aquaculture to Global Food Security and Nutrition 8
1.1.2.1 Contribution to Improved Domestic and Global Fish Supplies 8
1.1.2.2 Contribution of Chinese Aquaculture Production to Peoples’ Nutrition Domestically
and Globally 10
1.1.2.3 Contribution of Chinese Aquaculture to Global Trade of Aquatic Products 10
1.1.3 China’s Contribution to Global Aquaculture Development 12
1.1.3.1 Capacity Building 13
1.1.3.2 Transfer of Key Aquaculture Technologies and Farming Practices 14
1.1.3.2.1 Induced Breeding 14
1.1.3.2.2 Rice‐fish Farming 14
1.1.3.2.3 Integrated Fish Farming 14
1.1.3.2.4 Farm Design and Pond Fish Farming Business 14
1.1.3.2.5 Cage and Pen Culture 14
1.1.3.2.6 Demonstration and On‐Site Technical Guidance 14
1.1.3.2.7 South‐South Cooperation 15
1.1.3.3 Sharing of Genetic Resources 16
1.1.4 Future Contributions of Chinese Aquaculture to Global Food Security 17
1.1.4.1 Sustainable Growth and Increasing Demand for Food Fish 17
1.1.4.2 Meeting the Challenges with Technological Solutions and Management Practices 18
1.1.4.2.1 Environmental Impacts 18
1.1.4.2.2 Genetic Improvement and Aquatic Biodiversity 19
1.1.4.2.3 Aquatic Animal Health Management 19
1.1.4.2.4 Feeds and Feeding Management 20
1.1.4.2.5 Low Trophic and Low Input Aquaculture Systems 20
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1.1.4.3 Development Policies and Enabling Environment for Sustainable Aquaculture 20
1.1.4.4 Promoting Global Aquaculture Development through South‐South Cooperation 21
References 22
1.2 Inland Aquaculture: Trends and Prospects 25
Zhongjie Li, Jiashou Liu, Qidong Wang, and Sena S. De Silva
1.2.1 Introduction 25
1.2.2 Current Status 25
1.2.2.1 Distribution of Production 26
1.2.2.2 Species Cultured 26
1.2.2.3 Forms of Freshwater Aquaculture 28
1.2.3 Culture Techniques/systems 29
1.2.3.1 Pond Culture 29
1.2.3.1.1 Inland Saline Pond Culture 30
1.2.3.1.2 Recent Changes in Pond Culture Farming Systems 31
1.2.3.2 Cage Culture 31
1.2.3.3 Rice‐Fish Culture 33
1.2.3.4 Pen Culture 33
1.2.3.5 Culture‐Based Fisheries (CBF) 34
1.2.4 Conclusions 35
Acknowledgments 36
References 36
1.3 Mariculture: Developments, Present Status and Prospects 38
Qingyin Wang, Hui Liu, and Juan Sui
1.3.1 Introduction 38
1.3.2 Current Status of Mariculture in China 39
1.3.2.1 Yield, Farming Area and Economic Value 39
1.3.2.2 Species Cultured 40
1.3.2.3 Feeds and Feeding 43
1.3.2.4 Selective Breeding and New Varieties 44
1.3.3 Mariculture Modes and Technologies 45
1.3.3.1 Pond Farming 45
1.3.3.2 Net Cage Mariculture 46
1.3.3.3 Raft Culture 46
1.3.3.4 Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (Imta) 46
1.3.3.5 Sea Bottom Ranching 48
1.3.3.6 Land-Based (Indoor Tank) Industrial Mariculture 49
1.3.3.7 Challenges and Way Forward 49
1.3.4 Coastal Environment Management 50
1.3.4.1 Controlling Species and Stocking Densities (Degree of Intensity) 50
1.3.4.2 Promotion of Integrated Mariculture 50
1.3.5 Mariculture Management 51
1.3.6 Conclusions 52
References 52
1.4 Chinese Aquaculture: Its Contribution to Rural Development and the Economy 55
Ningsheng Yang
1.4.1 Introduction 55
1.4.2 Significance of Chinese Aquaculture Industry in 2014 55
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