Appropriate technology in civil engineering : proceedings of the conference held by the Inst. of Civil Engineers, 14 - 16 Apr., 1980

230 Pages·1981·83.12 MB·English

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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Proceedings of the conference held by the
Institution of Civil Engineers, 14-16 April, 1980
THOMAS TELFORD LTD
Published for the Institution of Civil Engineers by Thomas Telford Ltd, Telford House, P.O. Box 101,
26-34 Old Street, London EC1P 1JH.
Conference Organizing Committee: B. M. U. Bennell (Chairman), D. G. M. Roberts, Professor
J. K. T. L Nash, J. Howard, D. W. J. Miles, Dr R. W. Bradnock and Dr R. Spence
ISBN: 0 7277 0100 2
© The Institution of Civil Engineers, 1981
All rights, including translation, reserved. Except for fair copying, no part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Institution
of Civil Engineers.
The Institution of Civil Engineers does not accept responsibility for the statements made or for the
opinions expressed in the following pages.
Contents
Opening address 1
Roads and transportation
Keynote address on roads and transportation 3
1. Appropriate technology for roads and road transport in India. M C Gupta,
S. C. Mehrotra and K Arunachalam 5
2. Appropriate road construction technology. G A Edmonds 8
3. Appropriate technology and road transport investment decisions in developing
countries. R W D. H Roberts 11
4. Appropriate technology in roadworks. R A Green and M. R Clapham 15
5. An appropriate technology solution to problems of Nigeria's road industry.
O. J. Eze-Uzomaka 21
6. A labour intensive method of surface dressing used on the island of St Vincent in
the West Indies. D. S. Keith 24
7. Caisson piles for cross-drainage work. V. Tapasvi and K K Patel 27
8. Highway construction in Nepal. /. Shombrot and L. W Hinch 30
9. Basic vehicles for rural transport I. J. Barwell and J. D. G R Howe 33
Discussion on papers 1-9 36
Working party report on roads and transportation 39
' Water supply and sanitation
Keynote address on water supply and sanitation 41
10. Water supply and sewage disposal—experience in remote areas of Southern
Africa. C. R De Leeuw 43
11. Ecological balance in Goa. A P. Remedios 46
12. Biocontractors for developing countries, determination of design criteria and
operational characteristics. K Kk Shammas 49
13. Water supply and sanitation in undeveloped countries. H C. Balfour and
C. E. Jones 52
\A/ Designing water and sewage works for simple operation and maintenance.
/ RAB. Wilson r 55
15. Some aspects of water supply design for small townships and rural areas.
M Lindley and L R Walker 58
16. Ecological studies on animal waste fed stabilization ponds. A K Shrivastava,
R R MathurandJ. P. Singh 61
17. Simple surface-water treatment technology for rural communities. M A Aziz 64
18. Dar-es-Salaam sewerage and sanitation study. R B. Harris, A D. Maskell
K Z Njau and J. Pickford 67
19. The development of water supply systems in Trinidad and Tobago. H O. Phelps 70
20. Electrical resistivity survey for tapping groundwater for its supply to Morgaon
village. A Ansari, K S. Das and M. D. Kamble 73
21. Slow sand filters and pit latrines. J, Pickford 76
22. Appropriate sanitation. R N. Middleton, D. D. Mara, R G Feachem and
G H Read 79
23. Rural water supplies—some notes from Papua New Guinea. P Reynolds 82
Discussion on papers 10-23 85
Working party report on water supply and sanitation 89
Buildings
Keynote address on buildings 91
24. Stabilised soil as an appropriate building material in the Third World. 5. Holmes 95
25. Possible uses of appropriate technology in concrete construction in Ghana.
M. A Nkansah 99
26. Combining traditional skills with modern technology to produce low-cost housing.
S. W Dean Norton 104
27. The construction and operation of grain silos in developing countries. G E. J.
Henny and P. H H Stamm 107
28. Bamboo technology for low cost constructions. M A Aziz and S. D. Ramaswamy 110
29. Low-income housing to resist earthquakes and hurricanes. K X Eaton 113
30. Lime-pozzolana as an alternative cementing material R J. S. Spence and
J.HSakula 117
31. Bamboo trusses. J. J. A Janssen 120
Discussion on papers 24-31 123
Working party report on buildings 126
Alternative energy
Keynote address on alternative energy 127
32. An economic appraisal of six typical micro hydro-electric projects in Nepal.
D. L Wright 129
33. Use of solar energy for power, hot water and distillation, J. R A Lowry and
M W Thring 132
34. The stream-powered manometric pump. A T. Stuckey and E. M. Wilson 135
35. Low cost hydraulic ram pump. G Rosenthal and P D. Stevens-Guille 139
36. Alcohol micro plants. L Gochnarg and G L Groszmann 142
37. Small scale power systems for developing countries—The Intermediate
Technology Development Group power programme. R D. Dunn and
R L. Fraenkel 145
Discussion on papers 32-37 149
Working party report on alternative energy 152
Irrigation
Keynote address on irrigation 153
38. Hand compactors for earth embankments. M Serajuddin 155
39. Appropriate health technology in the design and construction of irrigation
schemes in hot climates. B. Z Diamant 158
40. Self-anchoring inflatable tube dam for irrigation projects, it Wooldridge 161
41. The art of living with desertification—a pilot project in water harvesting.
C Q Forestier-Walker, I H Barbovitch and Af. R C Smith 164
42. Appropriate technology in the construction of a small scale irrigation scheme at
Diptipur in the Melchamunda Panchayat of Orissa, India A J. Casebow and
P. Shears 167
43. Clearing silt from irrigation canals in East Java A N. Young 111
44. A study of manual irrigation devices in Bangladesh. H R Khan 175
45. Future developments in irrigation technology. R H. Stern 179
Discussion on papers 38-45 182
Working party report on irrigation 186
Management and planning
Keynote address on management and planning 187
46. Appropriate construction management 1 G Perry and R A Thompson 189
47. Some managerial and human aspects of labour-based construction work.
/. M Henley 192
48. Appropriate technology for agricultural development in Lesotho. G V. Subba
Rao and J. R Dawson 196
49. The management and organization of a labour intensive rural road construction
programme in Kenya. /. A Simpson 200
50. A methodology for evaluation of rural roads in the context of development
F. Moavenzadeh and B. Brademeyer 205
51. The development of self-help gravity piped water projects in Malawi.
L. H Robertson 208
52. Development a new technology./. Van Velsen 211
Discussion on papers 46-52 216
Working party report on management and planning 217
General discussion on appropriate technology in civil engineering 219
Closing address 221