Applied Hydrodynamics: An Introduction

444 Pages·2013·4.378 MB·\444

by  Hubert Chanson (Author)

Chanson
This textbook deals with Hydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics, the engineering science A
involving application of the fundamental principles of mechanics and thermodynamics p
with a view to understanding the dynamics of fl uid fl ow motion, which deals with forces p
l
and energies generated by fl uids in motion, and plays a vital role in everyday life. Practical i
e
examples include the fl ow motion in the kitchen sink, the exhaust fan above the stove,
d
and the air conditioning system in our home. When driving a car, the air fl ow around

the vehicle body induces some drag force which increases with the square of the car H
speed and contributes to excess fuel consumption. Engineering applications encompass y
d
fl uid transport in pipes and canals, energy generation, environmental processes and
r
transportation (cars, ships, and aircrafts). Other applications include for example wind o
fl ow around buildings, fl uid circulations in lakes, oceans and atmosphere, and even fl uid d
motion in the human body. y
n
a
This book deals with the topic of applied hydrodynamics and is divided into two major
m
sections: ideal fl uid fl ow and real fl uid fl ow. Ideal fl uid fl ow deals with two- and three-
i
dimensional fl uid motions that are not subject to boundary friction effects, whereas real c
fl uid fl ow considers the fl ow regions affected by boundary friction and turbulent shear. s
The lecture material is designed as an intermediate course in fl uid dynamics for senior
Applied Hydrodynamics
undergraduate and postgraduate students in Civil, Environmental, Hydraulic and
Mechanical Engineering. It is supported by notes, applications, remarks and discussions
in each chapter, as well as a series of movies, accessible through the publisher’s website.
Moreover, a series of appendices is included, while some major homework assignments
are offered at the end of the book, before the bibliographic references.
Hubert Chanson
an informa business
Applied Hydrodynamics
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Applied Hydrodynamics
An Introduction
Hubert Chanson
The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia
CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2014Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK
TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India
PrintedandBoundbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybereproduced,
storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,by
photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpriorpermissionfromthepublisher.
Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandtheinformationherein,
noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforanydamagetothepropertyorpersons
asaresultofoperationoruseofthispublicationand/ortheinformationcontainedherein.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Chanson,Hubert.
Appliedhydrodynamics:anintroduction/HubertChanson,TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Australia.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-138-00093-3(hardback)
1. Hydrodynamics. I.Title.
TC171.C47 2014
532’.5–dc23
2013021204
Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema
P.O.Box11320,2301EH,Leiden,TheNetherlands
e-mail:[email protected]
www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com
ISBN:978-1-138-00093-3(Hbk)
ISBN:978-1-315-86304-7(eBook PDF)
Dedication/Dédicace
ToYa Hui.
Pour Bernard,Nicole etAndré.
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Table of Contents
ListofSymbols ix
Acknowledgements xiii
AbouttheAuthor xv
Preface xvii
1 Presentation 1
PARTI
Irrotational flow motion of ideal fluid
I-1 Introductiontoidealfluidflows 13
I-2 Idealfluidflowsandirrotationalflowmotion 25
I-3 Two-dimensionalflows(1)basicequationsandflowanalogies 47
I-4 Two-dimensionalflows(2)basicflowpatterns 75
I-5 Complexpotential,velocitypotentialandJoukowskitransformation 129
I-6 Joukowskitransformation,theoremofKutta-Joukowskiandliftforceonairfoil 159
I-7 TheoremofSchwarz-Christoffel,freestreamlinesandapplications 177
PARTII
Real Fluid Flows :Theory andApplications
II-1 Introduction 219
II-2 Anintroductiontoturbulence 229
II-3 Boundarylayertheory:Applicationtolaminarboundarylayerflows 253
II-4 Turbulentboundarylayers 287
Appendices
AppendixA Glossary–Electronicmaterial 329
AppendixB Constantsandfluidproperties 353
AppendixC Unitconversions–Electronicmaterial 359
viii Tableofcontents
AppendixD Mathematics–Electronicmaterial 363
AppendixE Thesoftware2DFlow+Elecronicdownloadofdemonstrationversion
(Electronicmaterial) 377
AppendixF Digitalvideomovies+Elecronicdownload/Electronicmaterial 379
(e.g.videostreaming)
Assignments
AssignmentA ApplicationtothedesignoftheAlcyone2 389
AssignmentB ApplicationstoCivilDesignontheGoldCoast 395
AssignmentC Windflowpastaseriesofcircularbuildings 403
AssignmentD PrototypefreighterTesting 405
References 409
Subjectindex 423
Suggestion/Correctionform–Electronicmaterial 429
List of symbols
A cross-sectionarea(m2);
C celerity(m/s);
Drag
C dragcoefficient;C = foratwo-dimensionalobject;
D D 1
×ρ×V2 ×chord
2 O
Lift
C liftcoefficient;C = foratwo-dimensionalobject;
L L 1
×ρ×V2 ×chord
2 O
C contractioncoefficient;
c
C dischargecoefficient;
d
C energylosscoefficient;
v
D hydraulicdiameter(m):
H
cross-sectionalarea 4×A
D =4× =
H
wettedperimeter P
w
d flowdepth(m);
e internalenergyperunitmass(J/kg);
F pressureforce(N);
p
F volumeforce(N);
v
f Darcycoefficient(orheadlosscoefficient,frictionfactor);
f viscousforce(N);
visc
g gravityconstant(m/s2):g=9.80m/s2 (inBrisbane);
P V2
H 1.totalhead(m)definedas:H= +z+
ρ×g 2×g
P
2.piezometrichead(m)definedas:H= +z
ρ×g
h height(m);
K 1.vortexstrength(m2/s)orcirculation;
2.hydraulicconductivity(m/s);
k permeability(m2);
k constantofproportionality;
k equivalentsandroughnessheight(m);
s
L length(m);
P absolutepressure(Pa);
P dynamicpressure(Pa);
d
P staticpressure(Pa);
s