Table Of ContentEnergy, Environment, and Sustainability
Saptarshi Basu
Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Achintya Mukhopadhyay
Chetankumar Patel Editors
Applications
Paradigms of Droplet
and Spray Transport:
Paradigms and
Applications
Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Series editors
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ashok Pandey, Distinguished Scientist, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology
Research, Lucknow, India
This books series publishes cutting edge monographs and professional books
focused on all aspects of energy and environmental sustainability, especially as it
relates to energy concerns. The Series is published in partnership with the
International Society for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. The books in
these series are editor or authored by top researchers and professional across the
globe. The series aims at publishing state-of-the-art research and development in
areas including, but not limited to:
(cid:129) Renewable Energy
(cid:129) Alternative Fuels
(cid:129) Engines and Locomotives
(cid:129) Combustion and Propulsion
(cid:129) Fossil Fuels
(cid:129) Carbon Capture
(cid:129) Control and Automation for Energy
(cid:129) Environmental Pollution
(cid:129) Waste Management
(cid:129) Transportation Sustainability
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15901
Saptarshi Basu Avinash Kumar Agarwal
(cid:129)
Achintya Mukhopadhyay
Chetankumar Patel
Editors
Applications Paradigms
of Droplet and Spray
Transport: Paradigms
and Applications
123
Editors
Saptarshi Basu Achintya Mukhopadhyay
Department ofMechanical Engineering Department ofMechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore JadavpurUniversity
Bangalore, Karnataka Kolkata, West Bengal
India India
Avinash KumarAgarwal Chetankumar Patel
Department ofMechanical Engineering Department ofMechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh
India India
ISSN 2522-8366 ISSN 2522-8374 (electronic)
Energy,Environment, andSustainability
ISBN978-981-10-7232-1 ISBN978-981-10-7233-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7233-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017958019
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Preface
Energy demand has been rising remarkably due to increasing population and
urbanization.Globaleconomyandsocietyaresignificantlydependentontheenergy
availability because it touches every facet of human life and its activities.
Transportation and power generation are major examples of energy. Without the
transportation by millions of personalized and mass transport vehicles and avail-
ability of 24(cid:1)7 power, human civilization would not have reached contemporary
living standards.
The first international conference on ‘Sustainable Energy and Environmental
Challenges’ (SEEC-2017) was organized under the auspices of ‘International
Society for Energy and Environmental Sustainability’ (ISEES) by the ‘Center of
Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing’ (CIAB), Mohali, from 26 to 28 February
2017.ISEESwasfoundedatIITKanpurinJanuary2014,withtheaimofspreading
knowledgeinthefieldsofenergy,environment,sustainabilityandcombustion.The
society’s goal is to contribute to the development of clean, affordable and secure
energy resources and a sustainable environment for the society and to spread
knowledge in the above-mentioned areas and awareness about the environmental
challenges,whichtheworldisfacingtoday.ISEESisinvolvedinvariousactivities
such as conducting workshops, seminars and conferences in the domains of its
interest. The society also recognizes the outstanding works done by the young
scientists and engineers for their contributions in these fields by conferring them
awards under various categories.
This conference provided a platform for discussions between eminent scientists
and engineers from various countries including India, the USA, South Korea,
Norway,MalaysiaandAustralia.Inthisconference,eminentspeakersfromallover
the world presented their views related to different aspects of energy, combustion,
emissionsandalternativeenergyresourcesforsustainabledevelopmentandcleaner
environment. The conference started with four mini-symposiums on very topical
themes, which included (i) New Fuels and Advanced Engine Combustion,
(ii) Sustainable Energy, (iii) Experimental and Numerical Combustion and
(iv) Environmental Remediation and Rail Road Transport. The conference had 14
technicalsessionsontopicsrelatedtoenergyandenvironmentalsustainabilityanda
v
vi Preface
panel discussion on ‘Challenges, Opportunities and Directions of Technical
Education & Research in the Area of Energy, Environment and Sustainability’ to
wrapupthethree-daytechnicalextravaganza.Theconferenceincludedtwoplenary
talks, 12 keynote talks, 42 invited talks from prominent scientists, 49 contributed
talks and 120 posters. A total of 234 participants and speakers attended this
three-day conference, which hosted Dr. V. K. Saraswat, Member, NITI Aayog,
India, as a chief guest for the award ceremony of ISEES. This conference laid out
the road map for technology development, opportunities and challenges in this
technologydomain.ThetechnicalsessionsintheconferenceincludedAdvancesin
IC Engines andFuels; Conversion ofBiomassto Biofuels; Combustion Processes;
RenewableEnergy:ProspectsandTechnologies;WastetoWealth—Chemicalsand
Fuels; Energy Conversion Systems; Numerical Simulation of Combustion
Processes; Alternate Fuels for IC Engines; Sprays and Heterogeneous Combustion
ofCoal/Biomass;BiomassConversiontoFuelsandChemicals—Thermochemical
Processes; Utilization of Biofuels; and Environmental Protection and Health. All
these topics are very relevant for the country and the world in the present context.
The society is grateful to Prof. Ashok Pandey for organizing and hosting this
conference, which led to the germination of this series of monographs, which
included 16 books related to different aspects of energy, environment and sus-
tainability. This is the first time that such a voluminous and high-quality outcome
has been achieved by any society in India from one conference.
The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the authors for
submitting their work in a timely manner and revising it appropriately at short
notice. We would like to express our special thanks to Prof. Swarnendu Sen,
Prof. Koushik Ghosh, Prof. Pallab Sinha Mahapatra and Prof. Ranjan Ganguly,
who reviewed various chapters of this monograph and provided their valuable
suggestions to improve the manuscripts. We acknowledge the support received
from various funding agencies and organizations for successfully conducting the
first ISEES conference SEEC-2017, where these monographs germinated. These
include Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (special
thanks to Dr. Sanjay Bajpai); TSI, India (special thanks to Dr. Deepak Sharma);
Tesscorn, India (special thanks to Sh. Satyanarayana); AVL, India; Horiba, India;
Springer (special thanks to Swati Mehershi); CIAB (special thanks to
Dr. Sangwan).
Thebookcontainsadetailedfundamentalunderstandingofhowdropletsinteract
withsubstrate.Thisinvolvesbothanalyticalandnumericalinsightsintothevarious
thermophysical phenomena associated with heated droplets as they impinge on a
heatedoracoldsurfaceleadingtosplatformation,filmboilingorsolidification,as
the case may be. In the same vein, other chapters look into other applications like
dropletsinmicrofluidics,electroniccooling,fogharvesting,polymerprocessing,oil
recovery and surface patterning. All chapters provide an eclectic mix of new
cutting-edge applications, new diagnostic techniques, modern computational
methodologies as well as fundamental physical mechanisms in each of these
applications. We hence provide under one umbrella how droplet-level transport is
central to a multitude of applications and how droplet-level manipulation and
Preface vii
control can enhance the efficiency and design of such multiphase systems. The
chaptersprovideatranslationalperspectiveofsuchapplicationsstartingfrombasic
transport processes to optimization to design to implementation using droplets or
sprays as fundamental building blocks. The chapter contains analytical, numerical
as well as experimental details corresponding to the current state of the art. This
monograph will cater to both undergraduate students and graduate researchers in
addition to modern industries.
Bangalore, India Saptarshi Basu
Kanpur, India Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Kolkata, India Achintya Mukhopadhyay
Kanpur, India Chetankumar Patel
Contents
Part I General
Introduction to Application Paradigms of Droplets and Spray
Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Saptarshi Basu, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Achintya Mukhopadhyay
and Chetankumar Patel
Part II Transport Phenomena in Droplets and Sprays of
Non-Newtonian and Complex Fluids
Drop Impact Dynamics of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Liquids . . . . 9
Milind A. Jog and Raj M. Manglik
Spray in Polymer Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Suman Sinha-Ray
Transport Phenomena in Functional Droplets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Abhishek Saha, P. Deepu and Saptarshi Basu
Drop Breakup and Size Evolution in Oil and Gas Production:
A Review of Models and Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
João N. E. Carneiro, Amit Patil, Stein T. Johansen,
Gabriel F. N. Gonçalves and Mariana Gallassi
Drops, Jets and High-Resolution 3D Printing: Fundamentals
and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Richard Caulfield, Feihuang Fang and Manish K. Tiwari
Part III Droplet and Spray Transport in Presence of Phase Change
Coalescence Characteristics of Liquid Drops with Application
to Dropwise Condensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Praveen M. Somwanshi, K. Muralidhar and Sameer Khandekar
ix
x Contents
Molten Drop to Coolant Heat Transfer During Premixing of Fuel
Coolant Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Pallab Sinha Mahapatra, Priyankan Datta, Aranyak Chakravarty,
Koushik Ghosh, Nirmal Kumar Manna, Achintya Mukhopadhyay
and Swarnendu Sen
Harvesting Water from Natural and Industrial Fogs—Opportunities
and Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Ritwick Ghosh and Ranjan Ganguly
Thermal Management of Electronics Using Sprays and Droplets. . . . . . 267
Anandaroop Bhattacharya, Je-young Chang and Nicholas S. Haehn
Part IV Interaction of Droplets and Sprays with Surface
Droplet Impact on Solid Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Sanjeev Chandra
Sprays Used for Thermal Barrier Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
P. Fauchais, M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle and S. Goutier
Part V Droplet and Spray Transport at Microscale
Droplets in Microfluidics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Udita U. Ghosh, Sri Ganesh Subramanian, Suman Chakraborty
and Sunando DasGupta
