Table Of ContentApplications of Photonic
Technology 2
Communications, Sensing, Materials,
and Signal Processing
Applications of Photonic
Technology 2
Communications, Sensing, Materials,
and Signal Processing
Edited by
George A. Lampropoulos
A.U.G. Signals Ltd.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
and
Roger A. Lessard
Universite Laval
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows:
International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology, Sens ing, Signal Processing, and
Communications (1994: Toronto, Ont.)
Applications of photonic technology 1 edited by George A. Lampropoulos, Jacek Chrostowski,
and Raymond M. Measures.
p. cm.
lncludes bibliographical references and index.
1. Photonics-Congresses. 1. Lampropoulos. George A. II. Chrostowski, Jacek. III. Measures,
Raymond M. IV. Title.
TAI520.f56 1995
621.36-dc20 95-32967
CIP
Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications of Photonic Technology (ICAPT '96),
held July 29-August 1, 1996, in Montreal, Canada
ISBN 978-1-4757-9252-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-9250-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9250-8
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1997.
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1997
http://www.plenum.com
10987654321
Ali rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, rnicrofilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This book presents a current review ofphotonic technologies and their applications.
The papers published in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the Inter-
national Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'96) held in Montreal,
Canada, on July 29 to August 1, 1996. The theme of this event was "Closing the Gap Between
Theory, Developments and Applications."
The term photonics covers both optics and optical engineering areas of growing sci-
entific and commercial importance throughout the world. It is estimated that photonic tech-
nology-related applications to increase exponentially over the next few years and will play a
significant role in the global economy by reaching a quarter of a trillion of US dollars by the
year 2000. The global interest and advancements of this technology are represented in this
book, where leading scientists of twenty-two countries with advanced technology in photon-
ics present their latest results.
The papers selected herein are grouped to address six distinct areas ofphotonic tech-
nology. The reader will find throughout the book a combination of invited and contributed
papers which reflect the state of the art today and provide some insight about the future of this
technology.
The first two papers are invited. They discuss business aspects ofphotonic engineer-
ing. One examines if chip-to-chip interconnections by means of optical technology are a
good economic choice, while the other discusses the photonic technology from entre-
preneurial viewpoint.
Papers related to materials and considered for photonic applications, e.g., lasers and
laser technology and applications using optics, have been assembled under the section "Opti-
cal Materials, Lasers and Applied Optics."
In the following section the reader will find papers on optical transmission and ampli-
fication of signals under the title "Optical Communications." Optical Communications cur-
rently dominate the way oftransmission through optical fibers, optical switches, and gigabit
networks. Furthermore, photonics play an important role in the evolution oflnternet and in-
formation superhighways.
A large section is devoted to "Photonic Devices" where the reader will find papers on
optical interconnects, new optoelectronic components, waveguide devices, and photon de-
tection devices and techniques.
"Optical Computing, Signal and Image Processing" also represents a very important
area in photonic technology. Invited papers present optical neural networks used as a security
devices and for image classification. This section also includes papers related to remote sens-
ing and infrared technology. With the increasing availability of information through multi-
spectra and hyper-spectra multi-sensor distributed systems, advanced signal and im-
age-processing algorithms, devices with large storage (i.e., optical devices) and high-speed
computing (i.e., optical computing) are required.
v
The last section puts together papers related to "Optical Measurements." Invited and
contributed papers describe sensors and measurements techniques from theory to applica-
tions for mechanical, structural, medical, industrial, chemical, and environmental purposes.
All the contributions in this book were selected due to their great impact and potential
in applications of photonics. We feel confident that this book will be a good reference for
those working in photonics and a good starting point for those entering the field.
G.A. Lampropoulos
R.A. Lessard
CONTENTS
Part I
PROTONIC ENGINEERING AND BUSINESS
Optical Chip Interconnections: Economically Viable? ......................... .
Maarten Kuijk, Kamel Ayadi, Roger Vounckx, GustaafBorghs, Gerhard Bickel
and Paul Heremans
Photon Capital: A Subsidy for Photonic Entrepreneurs 7
Carl W. Nelson
Part II
OPTICAL MATERIALS, LASERS AND APPLIED OPTICS
Materials
Functionalized Polymers for Electro-Optic Modulation through Grating-Induced
Resonant Excitation of Guided Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
G. Blau, G. Vitrant, P-A. Chollet, P. Raimond, and F. Kajzar
Graded Effective Index Planar Polymer Waveguides with Application to
Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
J. N. McMullin, D. W. Boertjes, M. Krishnaswamy, and B. P. Keyworth
Nonlinear Polarization Shaping in a Nematic Liquid Crystal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Gary Galstian and Tigran Galstyan
Refractive Index Gratings in CA3MN2GEp 12 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33
R.A. Rupp, B. Sugg, and S.L. Gnatchenko
Ti:LiNb03 Single-Mode Waveguide Fabrication Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
S. Fernandez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Garcia, S. L. Palacios Diaz, R. Diaz Crespo,
J.M. Fernandez Diaz, and A. Guinea Rueda
Optical Parametric Process in Crystalline Molecular Layered Confinement
Structures: Second Harmonic Generation in Microcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Serge Gauvin and Joseph Zyss
PZT Thin Films by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
D.X. Lu, E.M.W. Wong, E.Y.B. Pun, P.S. Chung, and G.C. Jia
vii
Ferroelectric and Second Order Nonlinear Optical Effects in Surface Crystallized
0.50 Te02-0.50 LiNb03 Glasses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
M.V. Shankar and K.B.R. Varma
Lasers
Solitons in Femtosecond Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Michel Piche, Jean-Francois Cormier, Allaoua Belahlou, Isabelle Richard, and
Xiaonong Zhu, and Simon Debluis
Fast Frequency Shift of Laser Diode by Optical Short Pulse Irradiation . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Ryoji Ohba, Sasono Rahardjo, Seiichi Kakuma, Norihiko Takahashi,
Toshiyuki Suzuki, Takushi Tanaka, and Yuichiro Nariyoshi
Threshold Condition of Single-Mode Gain-Coupled DFB Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Jianyao Chen, Alain Champagne, Roman Maciejko, and Toshihiko Makino
Demonstration of a Cold Start Procedure for a Laser Source Frequency-Locked to
Molecular Absorption Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Jean Fran~ois Cliche, Michel Tetu, Christine Latrasse, Claude Gamache,
Normand Cyr, and Bernard Villeneuve
Holographic Mirrors for Laser Mode Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Reza Massudi, Jean-Fran~ois Lepage, Genevieve Anctil, Sebastien Gilbert,
Damien Stryckman, Nathalie McCarthy, and Michel Piche
3
Phase-Noise Measurement of a Stabilized Single-Longitudinal-Mode Er +-Doped
Fiber Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Veronique Fran~ois, Gregory W. Schinn, Serguei Tchouragoulov, and
Marc Levesque
Theoretical Modeling ofEr-doped Waveguide Laser Using Time-Domain Algorithm 99
T.I. Yuk, Y.M. Ma, S.F. Yu, and J.C. Palais
Applied Optics
Airborne Obstacle Avoidance Lidar Using Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers .. 105
Fran~ois Seguin, Eric S. Johnstone, and Franz Blaha
Diffractive Lens Dispersion Characteristic as Wavemeter For Optical
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Simon Thibault
High Efficiency Diffractive Optical Elements for Beam Coupling and Array
Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Yunlong Sheng, Dazeng Feng, Francois Galmiche, and Peter Kung
New Model for the Mutual Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in
Composite Media ................................................. 125
G.R. Flynn, L. Malley, C.R. Schwarze, D.A. Pommet, and M.A. Fiddy
Second-Harmonic Generation in the Nonlinear Relief Grating Coupler 131
Mitsuhiro Yokota
viii
Ultrafast Reflectivity and Wave-Mixing Response ofGaAs Fabry-Perot
Microcavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Rainer Buhleier, Jean Louis Iehl, Jacques Henri Collet, Veronique Bardinal,
Chantal Fontaine, Martin Hubner, and Jurgen Kuhl
Opto-Mechantronics: A New Concept of System Design ........................ 143
Kexing Liu
Proposal for a New Actuator for Optical Disk ................................ 149
Miguel Angel Partida Tapia, Francisco Flavio Cordova Quiroz,
Eduardo Rodriguez Escobar, Oscar Camacho Nieto, Adriano D'Luca, and
Jose F. Delgado Frias
Relaxation of Holographic Record in the System with Annihilating Centers ........ 157
Michael G. Kucherenko
Part III
OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
Suppression of the Soliton Frequency Shifts in a Two Channel WDM System ....... 167
A. Selvarajan and C.S. Aparna
Optimization of 10 Gbit/s Linear Transmission over Standard Single Mode Fiber
Using Distributed Feedback Lasers ................................... 173
Paulo A.S. Goulart and Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo
Development of Optical Transmitter and Receiver for 10GBIT/s Lightwave System .. 179
M.S. Park, T.W.Yoo, J.H. Han, T.Y.Yun, B.S. Kwark, J.H. Song, J.S. Kim,
W. J. Kang, and M.S. Lee
Secure Coherence Modulation Telecommunication System ...................... 183
B. Wacogne, H. Porte, P. Mollier, and D.A. Jackson
Low Latency Optical Bus for Multiprocessor Architecture ...................... 189
Laurent Fesquet and Jacques Henri Collet
A Novel Multiple-Grating Fiber Device for Optical Communications Applications .. 195
Lawrence Chen, Seldon D. Benjamin, Peter W.E. Smith, John E. Sipe, and
Salim Juma
A Novel Single Fiber Self-Healing Structure for CATV Super Trunk .............. 201
Zan Shi, Quing Li, and Peida Ye
Constraints on the Design of Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Soliton Communication ...... 205
Chunyan Zhang and Peida Ye
The Timing Jitter Caused by Fluctuation of Gain in Soliton Communication Systems 211
Hong Wang and Peida Ye
Enlarged Shuffienet Architecture for Optical Networks ......................... 217
Andrea Borella and Franco Chiaraluce
ix
Indoor Wireless Infrared Link with a Holographic Multiple-Spot Diffuser .......... 223
Eli Simova, Ming Tai, and Mohsen Kavehrad
A High Speed Self-Routing WDM-ATM Network for Wireless Personnel
Communication Services ........................................... 229
Shyh-Lin Tsao
A Phase-Noise Insensitive Modulation Scheme for CDMA Optical Local Area
Networks ........................................................ 235
Ennio Gambi and Franco Chiaraluce
Harmonic Distortion Characteristics of Directly-Modulated Semiconductor Laser
followed by an FM-to-IM Interferometer .............................. 243
G.Yabre and J. Le Bihan
Ultra-Short Soliton Stability in Distributed Fiber Amplifiers with Different Pumping
Configurations ................................................... 249
Mario F.S. Ferreira
The Distributed Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier with Gradually Changing Doped
Concentration .................................................... 255
Jinlong Yu, Xiaohong Ma, Jufeng Dai, Xiaoyi Dong, and Enze Yang
Part IV
PHOTONIC DEVICES
Optical Interconnects
Polymer-Based Volume Holograms for a Surface-Norman 3x3 Non-Blocking
Wavelength-Selective Crossbar ...................................... 263
Charles C. Zhou, I. Joseph, and Ray T. Chen
Bi-Directional Optical Backplane Bus With Multiple Bus Lines for High
Performance Bus Systems .......................................... 269
Chunhe Zhao and Ray T. Chen
A Signal-Transparent Distributed Optical Interconnect Based 1O x 10 Optoelectronic
Switch .......................................................... 275
Rohit Sharma and R. Ian MacDonald
A Comparison Study between 2D VLSI Circuits and 3D Circuits Based on
Multifunctional Smart Pixels ........................................ 281
DietmarFey
Performance Analysis of a WDM-SDM Hybrid Optical Cross-Connect System ..... 287
Yongdong Jin and Mohsen Kavehrad
New Optoelectronic Components
Characteristics of Grating Assisted Couplers Used as Narrow-Band Optical Filters .. 293
Otto Schwelb
X
