Applications of Nonlinear Dynamics: Model and Design of Complex Systems

478 Pages·2009·26.12 MB·english

by  William L. Ditto

Springer Complexity
Springer Complexity is an interdisciplinary program publishing the best research
and academic-level teaching on both fundamental and applied aspects of complex
systems – cutting across all traditional disciplines of the natural and life sciences,
engineering,economics,medicine,neuroscience,socialandcomputerscience.
ComplexSystemsaresystemsthatcomprisemanyinteractingpartswiththeabil-
itytogenerateanewqualityofmacroscopiccollectivebehaviorthemanifestations
ofwhicharethespontaneousformationofdistinctivetemporal,spatialorfunctional
structures. Models of such systems can be successfully mapped onto quite diverse
“real-life” situations like the climate, the coherent emission of light from lasers,
chemical reaction-diffusion systems, biological cellular networks, the dynamics of
stockmarketsandoftheinternet,earthquakestatisticsandprediction,freewaytraf-
fic, the human brain, or the formation of opinions in social systems, to name just
someofthepopularapplications.
Although their scope and methodologies overlap somewhat, one can distinguish
the following main concepts and tools: self-organization, nonlinear dynamics, syn-
ergetics, turbulence, dynamical systems, catastrophes, instabilities, stochastic pro-
cesses,chaos,graphsandnetworks,cellularautomata,adaptivesystems,genetical-
gorithmsandcomputationalintelligence.
The two major book publication platforms of the Springer Complexity program
are the monograph series “Understanding Complex Systems” focusing on the vari-
ous applications of complexity, and the “Springer Series in Synergetics”, which is
devoted to the quantitative theoretical and methodological foundations. In addition
tothebooksinthesetwocoreseries,theprogramalsoincorporatesindividualtitles
rangingfromtextbookstomajorreferenceworks.
EditorialandProgrammeAdvisoryBoard
Pe´terE´rdi
CenterforComplexSystemsStudies,KalamazooCollege,USAandHungarianAcademyofSciences,Budapest,
Hungary
KarlFriston
InstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UK
HermannHaken
CenterofSynergetics,UniversityofStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany
JanuszKacprzyk
SystemResearch,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland
ScottKelso
CenterforComplexSystemsandBrainSciences,FloridaAtlanticUniversity,BocaRaton,USA
Ju¨rgenKurths
PotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearch(PIK),Potsdam,Germany
LindaReichl
CenterforComplexQuantumSystems,UniversityofTexas,Austin,USA
PeterSchuster
TheoreticalChemistryandStructuralBiology,UniversityofVienna,Vienna,Austria
FrankSchweitzer
SystemDesign,ETHZu¨rich,Zu¨rich,Switzerland
DidierSornette
EntrepreneurialRisk,ETHZu¨rich,Zu¨rich,Switzerland
Understanding Complex Systems
FoundingEditor:J.A.ScottKelso
Future scientific and technological developments in many fields will necessarily
depend upon coming to grips with complex systems. Such systems are complex in
both their composition – typically many different kinds of components interacting
simultaneouslyandnonlinearlywitheachotherandtheirenvironmentsonmultiple
levels–andintherichdiversityofbehaviorofwhichtheyarecapable.
The Springer Series in Understanding Complex Systems series (UCS) promotes
new strategies and paradigms for understanding and realizing applications of com-
plex systems research in a wide variety of fields and endeavors. UCS is explicitly
transdisciplinary. It has three main goals: First, to elaborate the concepts, methods
and tools of complex systems at all levels of description and in all scientific fields,
especiallynewlyemergingareaswithinthelife,social,behavioral,economic,neuro-
andcognitivesciences(andderivativesthereof);second,toencouragenovelapplica-
tionsoftheseideasinvariousfieldsofengineeringandcomputationsuchasrobotics,
nano-technologyandinformatics;third,toprovideasingleforumwithinwhichcom-
monalities and differences in the workings of complex systems may be discerned,
henceleadingtodeeperinsightandunderstanding.
UCS will publish monographs, lecture notes and selected edited contributions
aimedatcommunicatingnewfindingstoalargemultidisciplinaryaudience.
Applications of Nonlinear
Dynamics
Model and Design of Complex Systems
Edited by
VisarathIn
SPAWAR,SanDiego
PatrickLonghini
SPAWAR,SanDiego
and
AntonioPalacios
SDSU
123
VisarathIn PatrickLonghini
SpaceandNavalWarfareSystemsCenter SpaceandNavalWarfareSystemsCenter
Code2373 Code2373
53560HullStreet 53560HullStreet
SanDiego,CA92152-5001 SanDiego,CA92152-5001
USA USA
[email protected]
[email protected]
AntonioPalacios
DepartmentofMathematics&Statistics
SanDiegoStateUniversity
SanDiego,CA92182-7720
USA
[email protected]
ISBN:978-3-540-85631-3 e-ISBN:978-3-540-85632-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-540-85632-0
UnderstandingComplexSystemsISSN:1860-0832
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008936465
(cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,
1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare
liabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,
evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws
andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH
Printedonacid-freepaper
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
springer.com
Organizers
BrunoAndo,UniversityofCatania
AdiBulsara,SPAWAR,SanDiego
SalvatoreBaglio,UniversityofCatania
VisarathIn,SPAWAR,SanDiego
LjupcoKocarev,University ofCalifornia, SanDiego
PatrickLonghini,SPAWAR,SanDiego
JosephNeff,SPAWAR,SanDiego
AntonioPalacios,SanDiegoStateUniversity
ToshimichiSaito,HoseiUniversity
MichaelF.Shlesinger,OfficeofNavalResearch
HiroyukiTorikai,HoseiUniversity
SPONSOR:
OfficeofNavalResearch(ONR)
875N.RandolphStreet,Suite1475
Arlington,VA22217
v
Preface
Thefieldofappliednonlineardynamicshasattractedscientistsandengineersacross
many different disciplines to develop innovative ideas and methods to study com-
plexbehaviorexhibitedbyrelativelysimplesystems.Examplesinclude:population
dynamics,fluidizationprocesses,appliedoptics,stochasticresonance,flockingand
flightformations,lasers,andmechanicalandelectricaloscillators.Acommontheme
among these and many other examples is the underlying universal laws of nonlin-
ear science that govern the behavior, in space and time, of a given system. These
lawsareuniversalinthesensethattheytranscendthemodel-specificfeaturesofa
systemand so they can be readily applied toexplain and predict thebehavior of a
widerangingphenomena,naturalandartificialones.Thustheemphasisinthepast
decades has been in explaining nonlinear phenomena with significantly less atten-
tionpaidtoexploitingtherichbehaviorofnonlinearsystemstodesignandfabricate
newdevicesthatcanoperatemoreefficiently.
Recently, there has been a series of meetings on topics such as Experimental
Chaos, Neural Coding, and Stochastic Resonance, which have brought together
manyresearchersinthefieldofnonlineardynamicstodiscuss,mainly,theoretical
ideas that may have the potential for further implementation. In contrast, the goal
of the 2007 ICAND (International Conference on Applied Nonlinear Dynamics)
wasfocusedmoresharplyontheimplementationoftheoreticalideasintoactualde-
vicesandsystems.Thusthemeetingbroughttogetherscientistsandengineersfrom
all over the globe to exchange research ideas and methods that can bridge the gap
between the fundamental principles of nonlinear science and the actual develop-
mentofnewtechnologies.Examplesofsomeofthesenewandemergingtechnolo-
giesinclude:(magneticandelectricfield)sensors,reconfigurableelectroniccircuits,
nanomechanicaloscillators,chaos-basedcomputerchips,nonlinearnano-detectors,
nonlinearsignalprocessingandfilters,andsignalcoding.
The 2007 ICAND meeting was held in Hawaii, at Poipu Beach, Kauai on
September24–27,2007.ThewatersoffPoipuBeacharecrystalclearandprovided
atrulybeautifulatmospheretoholdameetingofthiskind.Theinvitedspeakersat
thisseminalmeetingonappliednonlineardynamicsweredrawnfromararefiedmix.
Theyincludedafewwell-establishedresearchersinthefieldofnonlineardynamics
vii
viii Preface
as well as a “new breed” of pioneers (applied physicists, applied mathematicians,
engineers, and biologists) who are attempting to apply these ideas in laboratory
and, in some cases, industrial applications. The discussions in the meeting cover
broad topics ranging from the effects of noise on dynamical systems to symmetry
mathematics in the analyses of coupled nonlinear systems to microcircuit designs
in implementation of these nonlinear systems. The meeting also featured, as al-
readystated,somenoveltheoreticalideasthathavenotyetmadeittothedrawing
board,butshowgreatpromiseforthefuture.Theorganizersalsoattemptedtogive
some exposure to much younger researchers, such as advanced graduate students
and postdocs, in the form of posters. The meeting set aside singificant amount of
timeandprovidedmanyopportunitiesoutsideofpresentationsettingtopromotethe
discussionsandfostercollaborationsamongstheparticipants.
Theorganizersextendtheirsincerestthankstotheprincipalsponsorsofthemeet-
ing:OfficeofNavalResearch(Washington,DC),OfficeofNavalResearch-Global
(London),SanDiegoStateUniversity(CollegeofSciences),andSPAWARSystems
Center San Diego. In particular, we wish to acknowledge Dr. Michael Shlesinger
fromtheOfficeofNavalResearch(WashingtonDC)forhissupportandencourage-
ment. In addition, we extend our grateful thanks, in specific, to Professor Antonio
PalaciosandDanReiferatSDSUfortheirhardworkinmakingthefinancialtrans-
actionsassmoothlyaspossibledespitemanyobstaclesthrownintheirway.Wealso
want to thank our colleagues who chaired the sessions and to the numerous indi-
vidualswhodonatedlonghoursoflabortothesuccessofthismeeting.Finally,we
thankSpinger-Verlagfortheirproductionofanelegantproceedings.
SanDiego,USA V.In
May2008 P.Longhini
A.Palacios
Contents
InvitedSpeakers
ConstructionofaChaoticComputerChip .......................... 3
WilliamL.Ditto,K.MuraliandSudeshnaSinha
Activated Switching in a Parametrically Driven Micromechanical
TorsionalOscillator ............................................. 15
H.B.ChanandC.Stambaugh
QuantumNanomechanics ........................................ 25
PritirajMohanty
Coupled-CoreFluxgateMagnetometer ............................. 37
AndyKho,VisarathIn,AdiBulsara,PatrickLonghini,AntonioPalacios,
SalvatoreBaglioandBrunoAndo
DataAssimilationintheDetectionofVortices........................ 47
AndreaBarreiro,ShanshanLiu,N.SriNamachchivaya, PeterW.Sauer
andRichardB.Sowers
TheRoleofReceptorOccupancyNoiseinEukaryoticChemotaxis ...... 61
Wouter-JanRappelandHerbertLevine
ApplicationsofForbiddenIntervalTheoremsinStochasticResonance... 71
BartKosko,IanLee,SanyaMitaim,AshokPatelandMarkM.Wilde
SmartMaterialsandNonlinearDynamicsforInnovativeTransducers ... 91
B.Ando`,A.Ascia,S.Baglio,N.Pitrone,N.Savalli,C.Trigona,A.R.Bulsara
andV.In
DynamicsinNon-UniformCoupledSQUIDs......................... 111
PatrickLonghini,AnnaLeesedeEscobar,FernandoEscobar,VisarathIn,
AdiBulsaraandJosephNeff
ix
x Contents
ApplicationsofNonlinearandReconfigurableElectronicCircuits....... 119
JosephNeff,VisarathIn,ChristopherObraandAntonioPalacios
Multi-PhaseSynchronizationandParallelPowerConverters........... 133
ToshimichiSaito,YukiIshikawaandYasuhideIshige
Coupled Nonlinear OscillatorArray (CNOA)Technology –Theory
andDesign ..................................................... 145
TedHeath,RobertR.KerrandGlennD.Hopkins
Nonlinear Dynamic Effects of Adaptive Filters in Narrowband
Interference-DominatedEnvironments ............................. 163
A.A.(Louis)BeexandTakeshiIkuma
Design-OrientedBifurcationAnalysisofPowerElectronicsSystems..... 175
ChiK.Tse
CollectivePhenomenainComplexSocialNetworks ................... 189
Federico Vazquez, Juan Carlos Gonza´lez-Avella, V´ıctor M. Egu´ıluz
andMaxiSanMiguel
EnhancementofSignalResponseinComplexNetworksInducedby
TopologyandNoise.............................................. 201
JuanA.Acebro´n,SergiLozanoandAlexArenas
CriticalInfrastructures,Scale-FreeNetworks,andtheHierarchical
CascadeofGeneralizedEpidemics ................................. 211
MarkusLoecherandJimKadtke
NoisyNonlinearDetectors ........................................ 225
A.DariandL.Gammaitoni
Cochlear Implant Coding with Stochastic Beamforming and
SuprathresholdStochasticResonance .............................. 237
Nigel G. Stocks, Boris Shulgin, Stephen D. Holmes,
AlexanderNikitinandRobertP.Morse
Applying Stochastic Signal Quantization Theory to the Robust
DigitizationofNoisyAnalogSignals................................ 249
MarkD.McDonnell
ResonanceCurvesofMultidimensionalChaoticSystems .............. 263
GlennFoster,AlfredW.Hu¨blerandKarinDahmen
LearningofDigitalSpikingNeuronanditsApplicationPotentials....... 273
HiroyukiTorikai
DynamicsinManipulationandActuationofNano-Particles............ 287
TakashiHikihara
Contents xi
NonlinearBucklingInstabilitiesofFree-StandingMesoscopicBeams .... 297
S.M.Carr,W.E.LawrenceandM.N.Wybourne
DevelopmentsinParrondo’sParadox............................... 307
DerekAbbott
Magnetophysiology of Brain Slices Using an HTS SQUID
MagnetometerSystem ........................................... 323
PerMagnelind,DagWinkler,EricHanseandEdwardTarte
DynamicalHysteresisNeuralNetworksforGraphColoringProblem.... 331
KenyaJin’no
SemiconductorLaserDynamicsforNovelApplications................ 341
Jia-MingLiu
NonlinearPredictionIntervalsbytheBootstrapResampling ........... 355
TohruIkeguchi
QuantumMeasurementswithDynamicallyBistableSystems........... 367
M.I.Dykman
PosterSession
DynamicsandNoiseindc-SQUIDMagnetometerArrays .............. 381
John L. Aven, Antonio Palacios, Patrick Longhini, Visarath In
andAdiBulsara
StochasticallyForcedNonlinearOscillations:Sensitivity,Bifurcations
andControl .................................................... 387
IrinaBashkirtseva
Simultaneous, Multi-Frequency, Multi-Beam Antennas Employing
SynchronousOscillatorArrays .................................... 395
J.Cothern,T.Heath,G.Hopkins,R.Kerr,D.Lie,J.LopezandB.Meadows
EffectsofNonhomogeneitiesinCoupled,Overdamped,BistableSystems. 403
M.Hernandez,V.In,P.Longhini,A.Palacios,A.BulsaraandA.Kho
ANewDiversificationMethodtoSolveVehicleRoutingProblemsUsing
ChaoticDynamics............................................... 409
TakashiHoshino,TakayukiKimuraandTohruIkeguchi
Self-Organized Neural Network Structure Depending ontheSTDP
LearningRules ................................................. 413
HideyukiKato,TakayukiKimuraandTohruIkeguchi