Table Of ContentEAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing
Fazlullah Khan
Mian Ahmad Jan
Muhammad Alam Editors
Applications
of Intelligent
Technologies
in Healthcare
EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication
and Computing
Serieseditor
ImrichChlamtac,CreateNet,Trento,Italy
Editor’sNote
The impact of information technologies is creating a new world yet not fully
understood. The extent and speed of economic, life style and social changes
already perceived in everyday life is hard to estimate without understanding the
technological driving forces behind it. This series presents contributed volumes
featuringthelatestresearchanddevelopmentinthevariousinformationengineering
technologiesthatplayakeyroleinthisprocess.
Therangeoftopics,focusingprimarilyoncommunicationsandcomputingengi-
neeringinclude,butarenotlimitedto,wirelessnetworks;mobilecommunication;
designandlearning;gaming;interaction;e-healthandpervasivehealthcare;energy
management;smartgrids;internetofthings;cognitiveradionetworks;computation;
cloudcomputing;ubiquitousconnectivity,andinmodegeneralsmartliving,smart
cities,InternetofThingsandmore.Theseriespublishesacombinationofexpanded
papersselectedfromhostedandsponsoredEuropeanAllianceforInnovation(EAI)
conferences that present cutting edge, global research as well as provide new
perspectiveson traditionalrelated engineeringfields. This content, complemented
with open calls for contribution of book titles and individual chapters, together
maintain Springer’s and EAI’s high standards of academic excellence. The audi-
ence for the books consists of researchers, industry professionals, advanced level
studentsaswellaspractitionersinrelatedfieldsofactivityincludeinformationand
communication specialists, security experts, economists, urban planners, doctors,
andin generalrepresentativesin allthose walks oflife affectedad contributingto
theinformationrevolution.
AboutEAI
EAI is a grassroots member organization initiated through cooperation between
businesses, public, private and government organizations to address the global
challenges of Europe’s future competitiveness and link the European Research
communitywithitscounterpartsaroundtheglobe.EAIreachesouttohundredsof
thousandsofindividualsubscribersonallcontinentsandcollaborateswithaninsti-
tutionalmemberbaseincludingFortune500companies,governmentorganizations,
andeducationalinstitutions,provideafreeresearchandinnovationplatform.
ThroughitsopenfreemembershipmodelEAIpromotesanewresearchandinno-
vationculturebasedoncollaboration,connectivityandrecognitionofexcellenceby
community.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15427
Fazlullah Khan • Mian Ahmad Jan
Muhammad Alam
Editors
Applications of Intelligent
Technologies in Healthcare
123
Editors
FazlullahKhan MianAhmadJan
AbdulWaliKhanUniversityMardan AbdulWaliKhanUniversityMardan
Marden,Pakistan Marden,Pakistan
MuhammadAlam
Xi’anJiaotong-LiverpoolUniversity
Suzhou,China
ISSN2522-8595 ISSN2522-8609 (electronic)
EAI/SpringerInnovationsinCommunicationandComputing
ISBN978-3-319-96138-5 ISBN978-3-319-96139-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96139-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018959865
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG.2019
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,
broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology
nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor
theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany
errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional
claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG.
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
To ourwonderfulfamilies,especiallythe
kids.
FazlullahKhan,Mian AhmadJan,
MuhammadAlam
Foreword
Theworldhasseensignificantgrowthintheadvancementofwirelesstechnologies
fromcommunicationto healthcontroland monitoringapplications.Inthisregard,
in last two decades, numerous innovative wireless technologies such as mobile
phones, Wi-Fi, high-speed Internet, smart houses, smart cities, smart hospitals,
underwater networks and body area networks, etc. have emerged, and many are
still under consideration. The academia and industrial research groups are facing
huge demands from the users to develop wireless applications to fulfill their
needs of high data rates and error-free communication, maximizing battery life
time and bandwidthefficiency.Therefore,this bookmainly focuseson presenting
the new emerging paradigms in wireless communication for mitigating and/or
investigating health problems, specifically, characterizing the concept of Internet
of Things, Big Data, and cloud computing in detecting various deadly diseases,
such as heart diseases, asthma, tuberculosis. For example, the Internet of Things
have been studied in building smart hospital rooms and beds for the sake of
electronically/remotelymonitoringpatientsthroughwirelessdevices.Thiswillhelp
the doctors to visit only critical patients. Moreover, with the help of body area
network,thepatient’sdetailssuchasbloodpressure,heartbeat,andtemperatureare
remotely monitored by the doctor, and therefore the patient will visit the hospital
onlyinthecaseofemergency.
Tothispoint,itlookssofantastictoconnecteverything;however,onecanavoid
thedatastorageproblemofconnectinghundredsofwirelessapplications.Therefore,
this book also focuses on how to optimally store data considering traditional and
cloudstorage.Thecloudcomputingplaysanimportantroleinstoringhugeamount
ofdatathathasbeenprocessedbyvariouscloudserverswhichlowernotonlythe
burden of storage but also the processing power of the traditional systems. To do
so, many efficient machine learning algorithms are used for processing this huge
amountofdata.
DepartmentofComputerScience AteeqUrRehman
AbdulWaliKhanUniversityMardan
Mardan,Pakistan
vii
Preface
Thisbookprovidesdetailedinsightinformationabouttheuseofhealthinformatics
and emergingtechnologiesfor the well-beingof patients. The latest technological
growth in the healthcare sector has revolutionized the facilities provided at each
hospital and pharmacy. Previously, the health industry relied on a paper-based
system to organize, store, interpret, and integrate patient’s records and medical
information. However, with the informatics industry booming and allowing for
newelectronictechnologyandinformationsystems,practitionersnowfindthisdata
storedinconvenientcodedcomputersystems.Forexample,allthepatient’srecords
aremaintainedelectronicallyatareducedcostwithfewerchancesoferrors.Patients
arenolongerrequiredtoremembertheirmedicalpastamidthestressofemergency
situations. Upon entering a hospital or a facility, the medical staffs already have
sufficient information available in the electronic health record system that can be
used for reference and checking previous history of the patient. As a result, the
patients need not to fill the admission form upon entering the facility each time.
Apart from reduced paper work, the patients are no longer required to conduct
varioustestseachtimefordiagnosisofvariousillnesses.Themedicalstaffsalready
haveaprevioushistoryofthepatientsavailableinfrontoftheirmonitors.
This book covers a diverse range of topics that are all related with healthcare.
Each chapter in this book emphasizes on the use of informatics in healthcare.
In general, each chapter uses various emerging technologies such as Internet of
Things(IoT),BigData,cloudcomputing,WirelessBodyAreaNetworks(WBANs),
forvarioushealth-relatedillness, such as tuberculosis,heartdiseases, asthma, and
variousepidemicoutbreaks.TheadvancementsintheIoThaveenabledhospitalsto
startimplementing“smartbeds”thatarecapabletodetectwhentheyareoccupied
bypatientsandwhenpatientsareattemptingtogetup.TheuseofWBANsenables
the practitioners to remotely monitor the patients. As result, the patients are no
longer required to visit the hospital regularly and also are not required to be
admitted.Thisallowsthehospitaltoallocatebedstomorecriticalpatientswhoare
inurgentneedofhospitalizationandemergencyservices.Varioussymptomsofthe
patientsaremonitoredconstantlyathomeandtransmittedtohospitalandmedical
ix
x Preface
staff on regular basis. The technologicalgrowth of cloud computinghas a pivotal
role in such applications. Effective and efficient services of the cloud are in dire
needinsuchcircumstances.Today,thedatacentersofthecloudhavetheabilityto
store an enormousamount of data that are remotely processed on virtual servers.
As a result, the computationalburden on the patients’ monitoringdevicesand the
hospitalworkstationsis greatly reduced.Infact, the cloudservershavethe ability
to take care of all the computationaland resource-intensiveoperation involved in
processing,storage,andtransmissionofanyhealth-relateddata.Thedatagenerated
from various medical appliances are enormous, and as such the term “Big Data”
plays a pivotal role. Various machine learning algorithms are required to process
suchhugevolumeofdata.
Each chapter of this book is dedicated to the aforementioned tasks. Except
technical terms, the readability and flow of concepts make this book an easy to
goforanyhealthcarepractitioners.Theseconceptshavetheabilitytoenhancethe
careofelderlypeopleandpatientsevenbetterinhealthcareindustry.
Mardan,Pakistan FazlullahKhan
Mardan,Pakistan MianAhmadJan
Suzhou,China MuhammadAlam
Acknowledgment
WewouldliketoexpressourspecialappreciationsandthankstotheViceChancellor
ofAbdulWaliKhanUniversityMardanandthePatroninChiefoftheUniversityof
Lahore,Pakistan,fortheirenduringsupport.
We would also like to thank authors, reviewers, and committee members.
Without their contributions, this book would not have been possible. Our special
gratitude to our friends and colleagues for their technical support, especially Dr.
RodziahBintiAttan,Dr.AbidYahya,Dr.NabeelYounusKhan,Dr.KhalidHussain,
Dr. Aurangzeb Khan, Dr. Saeed Islam, Dr. Sajjad Khan, Dr. Mukhtaj Khan, and
Dr.AteeqUrRehman.
Finally wewouldliketothankyouallwhohelpandsupportusforeverything,
andwecan’tthankyouenoughforencouragingusthroughoutthisexperience.
FazlullahKhan,MianAhmadJan,MuhammadAlam
FazlullahKhan
MianAhmadJan
MuhammadAlam
xi
