Applications of Evolutionary Computing: EvoWorkshops 2001: EvoCOP, EvoFlight, EvoIASP, EvoLearn, and EvoSTIM Como, Italy, April 18–20, 2001 Proceedings

529 Pages·2001·6.11 MB·English

by  Thomas Gaube

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2037
EditedbyG.Goos,J.HartmanisandJ.vanLeeuwen
3
Berlin
Heidelberg
NewYork
Barcelona
HongKong
London
Milan
Paris
Singapore
Tokyo
Egbert J.W. Boers et al. (Eds.)
Applications of
Evolutionary Computing
EvoWorkshops 2001: EvoCOP, EvoFlight,
EvoIASP, EvoLearn, and EvoSTIM
Como, Italy,April 18-20, 2001
Proceedings
1 3
SeriesEditors
GerhardGoos,KarlsruheUniversity,Germany
JurisHartmanis,CornellUniversity,NY,USA
JanvanLeeuwen,UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands
MainVolumeEditor
EgbertJ.W.Boers
LeidenUniversity,InstituteofAdvancedComputerScience
NielsBohrweg1,2333CALeiden,TheNetherlands
E-mail:[email protected]
Cataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor
DieDeutscheBibliothek-CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Applicationsofevolutionarycomputing:proceedings/EvoWorkshops
2001:EvoCOP...Como,Italy,April18-20,2001.EgbertJ.W.Boers
etal.(ed.).-Berlin;Heidelberg;NewYork;Barcelona;HongKong;
London;Milan;Paris;Singapore;Tokyo:Springer,2001
(Lecturenotesincomputerscience;Vol.2037)
ISBN3-540-41920-9
CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2,I.4,F.2-3,I.2,G.2,J.2,J.1,D.1
ISSN0302-9743
ISBN3-540-41920-9Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965,
initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer-Verlag.Violationsare
liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
amemberofBertelsmannSpringerScience+BusinessMediaGmbH
http://www.springer.de
©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2001
PrintedinGermany
Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyPTPBerlin,StefanSossna
Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN10782476 06/3142 543210
Volume Editors
Egbert J.W. Boers Stefano Cagnoni
Leiden Institute of Advanced Dept. of Computer Engineering
Computer Science University of Parma
Leiden University ParcoArea delle Scienze 181/a
Niels Bohrweg 1 43100Parma, Italy
2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands Email:[email protected]
Email:[email protected]
Emma Hart
Napier University
Jens Gottlieb
School of Computing
SAP AG
219Colinton Road
Neurottstrasse 16
Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, UK
69190Walldorf,Germany
Email:[email protected]
Email:[email protected]
Gu¨nther R. Raidl
Algorithms andDataStructuresGroup
Pier Luca Lanzi
Institute of Computer Graphics
Polytechnic of Milan
Vienna University of Technology
PiazzaLeonardo da Vinci, 32
Favoritenstrasse 9-11/186
20133,Milan, Italy
A-1040Vienna, Austria
Email:[email protected]
Email:[email protected]
Robert E. Smith
The IntelligentComputer Harald Tijink
Systems Centre Data and Knowledge Systems Depart-
TheUniversity ofTheWestofEngland ment
Coldharbour Lane NationalAerospace Laboratory NLR
Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY P.O. Box 153
United Kingdom 8300ADEmmeloord, TheNetherlands
Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected]
Preface
EvolutionaryComputation(EC)isarapidlyexpanding(cid:12)eldofcomputerscience
in which problem solving, optimization, and machine learning techniques inspi-
red by genetics and natural selection are studied.
In recent years, a number of studies and results have been reported in the
literature which have disclosed the potentials of EC techniques and shown their
capability to solve hard problems in several domains.
This volume contains the proceedings of EvoWorkshops 2001, an event in-
cluding the First European Workshop on Evolutionary Computation in Combi-
natorial Optimization (EvoCOP), the Second European Workshop on Evolutio-
nary Aeronautics (EvoFlight), the Third European Workshop on Evolutionary
ComputationinImageAnalysisandSignalProcessing(EvoIASP),theFirstEu-
ropean Workshop on Evolutionary Learning (EvoLearn), and the Second Euro-
peanWorkshoponEvolutionarySchedulingandTimetabling(EvoSTIM).These
workshops were held in Como, Italy, on 18 and 19 April 2001, as part of Eu-
roGP 2001, the Fourth European Conference on Genetic Programming.
EvoCOPfocusesonapplicationsofevolutionaryalgorithmsandrelatedheu-
ristic search methods to various combinatorial optimization problems. It also
covers general methodological aspects of such algorithms like operator analyses,
searchdynamics,(cid:12)tnesslandscapes,andalgorithmiccomparisons,whicharethe
drivingforceingainingabetterunderstandingofevolutionarysearchandhence
support the design of e(cid:11)ective evolutionary algorithms for combinatorial opti-
mization problems of practical relevance.
EvoFlight is aimed at bringing together researchers and industrial parties to
discuss the use of evolutionary computation in aerospace.
EvoIASP,heldin2001forthethirdtime,wasthe(cid:12)rsteventeverspeci(cid:12)cally
dedicated to the applications of EC to image analysis and signal processing.
The aim of EvoLearn is to provide an opportunity for people interested in
algorithms which \learn through evolution" to share ideas, discuss the current
state of research, and to discuss the future directions of this particular area of
Evolutionary Computation.
EvoSTIM presents the latest results in the (cid:12)elds of scheduling and timetab-
ling, that are amongst the most successful applications of evolutionary techni-
ques.
It was the aim of all workshops to give European and non-European resear-
chers in these (cid:12)elds, as well as people from industry, an opportunity to present
their latest research, discuss current developments and applications, besides fo-
stering closer future interaction between members of all scienti(cid:12)c communities
that may bene(cid:12)t from the application of EC techniques.
EvoWorkshops2001weresponsoredbyEvoNet,theEuropeanNetworkofEx-
cellenceinEvolutionaryComputation,asactivitiesofEvoFlight,EvoIASP,Evo-
Stim, the working groups on Evolutionary Aeronautics, on Evolutionary Image
VI Preface
AnalysisandSignalProcessing,onEvolutionarySchedulingandTimetablingof
EvoNet, and of several other EvoNet members.
Fifty-twopaperswereacceptedforpublicationoutof75submissions,making
EvoWorkshops 2001 the largest of the three events held since 1999. We are
extremely grateful to all members of the program committee for their quick and
thorough work.
April 2001 Egbert J.W. Boers
Stefano Cagnoni
Jens Gottlieb
Emma Hart
Pier Luca Lanzi
Gu¨nther R. Raidl
Robert E. Smith
Harald Tijink
Organization
EvoWorkshops 2001 was organized by EvoNet as part of EuroGP 2001.
1 Organizing Committee
EvoCOP co-chair: Jens Gottlieb, SAP AG, Germany
EvoCOP co-chair: Gu¨nther R. Raidl, Vienna University of Technology,
Austria
EvoFlight co-chair: Robert E. Smith, University of West of England, UK
EvoFlight co-chair: Harald Tijink, NLR, The Netherlands
EvoIASP chair: Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, Italy
EvoLearn chair: Pier Luca Lanzi, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
EvoSTIM chair: Emma Hart, Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
EvoWorkshops chair: Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, Italy
EuroGP co-chair: Julian Miller, The University of Birmingham, UK
EuroGP co-chair: Marco Tomassini, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
Local chair: Pier Luca Lanzi, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
Local chair: Andrea G B Tettamanzi, Genetica srl, Italy
2 Program Committee
Giovanni Adorni, University of Genoa, Italy
Wolfgang Banzhaf, University of Dortmund, Germany
Egbert J.W. Boers, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
Alberto Broggi, University of Pavia, Italy
Larry Bull, University of West England, UK
Edmund Burke, University of Nottingham, UK
Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, Italy
Jie Cheng, J. D. Power & Associates, MI, USA
Ela Claridge, The University of Birmingham, UK
David Corne, University of Reading, UK
Carlos Cotta-Porras, University of Malaga, Spain
Peter Cowling, University of Nottingham, UK
Michiel de Jong, CWI, The Netherlands
Agoston E Eiben, Leiden University, The Netherlands
Terry Fogarty, Napier University, UK
David Fogel, Natural Selection, Inc., CA, USA
Jens Gottlieb, SAP AG, Germany
Jin-Kao Hao, University of Angers, France
Emma Hart, Napier University, UK
Daniel Howard, DERA, UK
VIII Organization
Bryant Julstrom, St. Cloud State University, MN, USA
Dimitri Knjazew, SAP AG, Germany
Joshua Knowles, University of Reading, UK
Gabriele Kodydek, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Mario Ko¨ppen, FhG IPK, Germany
Jozef Kratica, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Yugoslavia
Pier Luca Lanzi, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy
Yu Li, University of Picardie, France
Ivana Ljubic, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Evelyne Lutton, INRIA, France
Elena Marchiori, Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dirk Mattfeld, University of Bremen, Germany
Zbigniew Michalewicz, University of North Carolina, NC, USA
Martin Middendorf, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
Julian Miller, The University of Birmingham, UK
Filippo Neri, University of Turin, Italy
Peter Nordin, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Ben Paechter, Napier University, UK
Georgios I. Papadimitriou, Aristotle University, Greece
Riccardo Poli, The University of Birmingham, UK
Gu¨nther Raidl, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Colin Reeves, Coventry University, UK
Peter Ross, Napier University, UK
Claudio Rossi, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy
Franz Rothlauf, University of Bayreuth, Germany
Conor Ryan, University of Limerick, Ireland
Robert E. Smith, University of West of England, UK
Wolfgang Stolzmann, DaimlerChrysler AG, Germany
Thomas Stu¨tzle, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany
Peter Swann, Rolls Royce plc, UK
Andrea G B Tettamanzi, Genetica srl, Italy
Harald Tijink, NLR, The Netherlands
Andy Tyrrell, University of York, UK
Christine Valenzuela, Cardi(cid:11) University, UK
Marjan van den Akker, NLR, The Netherlands
Hans-Michael Voigt, GFaI - Center for Applied Computer Science, Germany
Sponsoring Institution
EvoNet, the Network of Excellence on Evolutionary Computing.
Table of Contents
EvoCOP Papers
Graph Problems
The Link and Node Biased Encoding Revisited: Bias and Adjustment of
Parameters:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1
Thomas Gaube, Franz Rothlauf
An E(cid:11)ective Implementation of a Direct Spanning Tree Representation in
GAs:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11
Yu Li
An Evolutionary Algorithm with Stochastic Hill-Climbing for the
Edge-Biconnectivity Augmentation Problem::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 20
Ivana Ljubi(cid:19)c, Gu¨nther R. Raidl
Application of GRASP to the Multiconstraint Knapsack Problem :::::::: 30
Pierre Chardaire, Geo(cid:11) P. McKeown, Jameel A. Maki
Knapsack Problems
Path Tracing in Genetic Algorithms Applied to the Multiconstrained
Knapsack Problem ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40
Jens Levenhagen, Andreas Bortfeldt, Hermann Gehring
On the Feasibility Problem of Penalty-Based Evolutionary Algorithms for
Knapsack Problems :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 50
Jens Gottlieb
Coloured Ant System and Local Search to Design Local
Telecommunication Networks:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 60
Roberto Cordone, Francesco Ma(cid:14)oli
Ant Algorithms
Cooperative Ant Colonies for Optimizing Resource Allocation
in Transportation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70
Karl Doerner, Richard F. Hartl, Marc Reimann
An ANTS Algorithm for Optimizing the Materialization of Fragmented
Views in Data Warehouses: Preliminary Results:::::::::::::::::::::::: 80
Vittorio Maniezzo, Antonella Carbonaro, Matteo Golfarelli,
Stefano Rizzi