Table Of ContentApplications of Computational Intelligence in
Multi-Disciplinary Research
Advances in Biomedical Informatics
Applications of
Computational Intelligence
in Multi-Disciplinary
Research
Edited by
Ahmed A. Elngar
Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt
College of Computer Information Technology, American University in the Emirates,
United Arab Emirates
Rajdeep Chowdhury
Department of Computer Application, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
Mohamed Elhoseny
College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Egypt
Valentina Emilia Balas
Department of Automatics and Applied Software, Faculty of Engineering,
“Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Arad, Romania
Series Editor
Valentina Emilia Balas
DepartmentofAutomaticsandAppliedSoftware,FacultyofEngineering,
“AurelVlaicu”UniversityofArad,Arad,Romania
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Contents
Listofcontributors ix 3. Behavioral malware detection and
classification using deep learning
1. Iris feature extraction using approaches 29
three-level Haar wavelet transform
T.Poongodi,T.LuciaAgnesBeena,
and modified local binary
D.SumathiandP.Suresh
pattern 1
3.1 Introduction 29
PrajoyPodder,M.RubaiyatHossainMondaland
3.1.1 Digitalforensics—malware
JoarderKamruzzaman
detection 30
Abbreviations 1 3.1.2 Malwareevolutionandits
1.1 Introduction 1 taxonomy 32
1.2 Relatedworks 3 3.1.3 Machinelearningtechniquesfor
1.3 Irislocalization 4 malwareanalysis 32
1.4 Irisnormalization 6 3.1.4 Behavioralanalysisofmalware
1.5 Theproposedfeatureextraction detection 33
scheme 7 3.2 Deeplearningstrategiesformalware
1.6 Matchingresults 11 detection 35
1.7 Performanceevaluation 11 3.2.1 Featureextractionanddata
1.8 Conclusion 13 representation 35
References 14 3.2.2 StaticAnalysis 36
3.2.3 Dynamicanalysis 38
3.2.4 Hybridanalysis 38
3.2.5 Imageprocessingtechniques 38
2. A novel crypt-intelligent
3.3 ArchitectureofCNNsformalware
cryptosystem 17 detection 41
3.3.1 Preprocessing 41
PratyusaMukherjeeand
3.3.2 ClassificationusingCNNs 41
ChittaranjanPradhan
3.3.3 Evaluation 42
2.1 Introduction 17 3.4 ComparativeanalysisofCNN
2.2 Relatedwork 18 approaches 42
2.2.1 Machinelearningcontributionsin 3.5 Challengesandfutureresearch
cryptology 18 directions 43
2.2.2 Geneticalgorithmcontributionsin 3.6 Conclusion 43
cryptology 20 References 43
2.2.3 Neuralnetworkcontributionsin
cryptology 21 4. Optimization techniques and
2.2.4 BackgroundofDNAcryptography 23 computational intelligence with
2.3 Proposedmethodology 23 emerging trends in cloud
2.3.1 Proposedencryptionscheme 24 computing and Internet of Things 47
2.3.2 Proposeddecryptionscheme 25
JayeshSVasudeva,SakshiBhargavaand
2.4 Discussion 25
DeepakKumarSharma
2.5 Conclusionandfuturework 26
References 26 4.1 Introduction 47
v
vi Contents
4.1.1 Introductiontooptimization 48 6.2 Supervisorycontrolanddataacquisition
4.1.2 Introductiontocloudcomputingwith systems 84
emphasisonfog/edgecomputing 48 6.3 Theverysmallapertureterminal
4.2 Optimizationtechniques 49 networks 87
4.2.1 Anoptimizationproblem 49 6.3.1 Thesatellitecommunication
4.2.2 Solutiontotheoptimizationproblem 52 systems 87
4.3 Understandingfog/edgecomputing 54 6.3.2 Architectureverysmallaperture
4.3.1 Whatisfog? 54 terminalnetworks 89
4.3.2 Preludetoourframework 54 6.3.3 Connectivity 92
4.3.3 Ourgoal 55 6.3.4 Multipleaccess 93
4.3.4 Frameworkforfogcomputing 55 6.4 Algorithmforestimatingthesatellite
4.4 Optimizingfogresources 57 bandwidth 95
4.4.1 Definingoptimizationproblemfor 6.4.1 Determiningthebandwidth
foglayerresources 57 requiredfordatatransmission 95
4.4.2 Optimizationtechniquesused 58 6.4.2 Casestudy 98
4.5 Casestudies 60 6.4.3 Overviewofsomerecent
4.5.1 CasestudyI:floorplanoptimization 60 algorithmsindetail 99
4.5.2 CasestudyII:Gondwana— 6.4.4 Validationofbandwidth
optimizationofdrinkingwater calculations 104
distributionsystem 63 6.5 Challengesandfuturework 106
4.6 Scopeofadvancementsandfuture 6.6 Conclusions 107
research 63 References 107
4.7 Conclusion 64
References 65
7. Using artificial intelligence search
in solving the camera placement
5. Bluetooth security architecture
problem 109
cryptography based on genetic
codons 67 AltahirA.Altahir,VijanthS.Asirvadam,
NorHishamB.HamidandPatrickSebastian
AsifIkbalMondal,BijoyKumarMandal,
DebnathBhattacharyyaandTai-HoonKim Nomenclature 109
7.1 Introduction 109
5.1 Introduction 67
7.1.1 Therolesofvisualsurveillance
5.1.1 Bluetooth 67
systems 110
5.1.2 Bluetoothsecurityarchitecture 67
7.1.2 Thecameraplacementproblem
5.2 Surveyofliterature 69
fromanartificialintelligence
5.3 Plaintext-to-ciphertextconversion
perspective 111
process 71
7.1.3 Chapterdescription 112
5.3.1 Basicworkflow 71
7.2 Background 112
5.3.2 Algorithm 72
7.3 Modelingthevisualsensors 113
5.3.3 Analysisanddiscussion 78
7.3.1 Thesensorspacemodeling 114
5.4 Conclusion 79
7.3.2 Thecameracoveragemodeling 114
5.5 Futurework 79
7.3.3 Theanalysisofcameravisibility 115
References 80
7.4 Solvingthecameraplacementproblem
usingartificialintelligencesearch 116
6. Estimation of the satellite bandwidth
7.4.1 Generateandtestalgorithm 117
required for the transmission of
7.4.2 Uninformedsearch 118
information in supervisory control
7.4.3 Hillclimbingstrategy 119
and data acquisition systems 83 7.5 Furtherdiscussion 121
7.5.1 Theefficiencyofthealgorithms 122
MariusPopescuandAntoanelaNaaji
7.5.2 Theperformanceofthealgorithms 123
Abbreviations 83 7.6 Conclusion 123
6.1 Introduction 84 References 124
Contents vii
8. Nanotechnology and applications 129 9.10 Nanotechnologyinpesticidesand
fertilizers 151
KanikaDulta,AmanpreetKaurVirk,
9.11 Controlofplantpests 152
ParveenChauhan,ParasBoharaand
9.12 Concludingremarks 152
PankajKumarChauhan
Consentforpublication 152
8.1 Introduction 129 Conflictofinterest 153
8.2 Nanoscienceandnanotechnology 130 References 153
8.3 Computationalnanotechnology 130
8.3.1 Molecularmodeling 131 10. A methodology for designing
8.3.2 Nanodevicesimulation 133
knowledge-based systems and
8.3.3 Nanoinformatics 133
applications 159
8.3.4 High-performancecomputing 135
8.3.5 Computationalintelligence 135 HienD.Nguyen,NhonV.Doand
8.4 Applicationsofcomputational VuongT.Pham
nanotechnology 137
10.1 Introduction 159
8.4.1 Nanotube-basedsensorsand
10.2 Relatedwork 160
actuators 138
10.3 Designtheknowledge-basedsystem 160
8.4.2 Nanoinformaticsfordrugs 138
10.3.1 Thearchitectureofa
8.4.3 Moleculardocking 138
knowledge-basedsystem 160
8.4.4 Nanotoxicology 138
10.3.2 Theprocessfordesigningthe
8.4.5 Otherapplications 139
knowledge-basedsystem 162
8.5 Conclusion 139
10.4 Knowledgebaseandinferenceengine
References 139
ofaknowledge-basedsystem 163
9. Advances of nanotechnology in 10.4.1 Designtheknowledgebase 163
plant development and crop 10.4.2 DesigntheInferenceengine 164
10.5 Applications 168
protection 143
10.5.1 Designanintelligentproblem
RokeyaAkter,Md.HabiburRahman, solverforsolvingsolidgeometry
Md.ArifurRahmanChowdhury, athighschool 168
ManirujjamanManirujjamanand 10.6 ConclusionandFuturework 183
ShimaaE.Elshenawy References 184
9.1 Introduction 143
11. IoT in healthcare ecosystem 187
9.2 Agriculture’snanofarming:amodern
frontier 143
PoonamGuptaandIndhraOmPrabhaM
9.3 Synthesisofgreennanoparticlesandits
sources 144 11.1 Introduction 187
9.4 Gooddistributionpossibilitiesallowed 11.2 Applicationsof InternetofThingsin
bynanoparticles:amodernsustainable healthcare 188
agricultureportal 145 11.2.1 Patient-centricIoT 188
9.5 Nanofertilizers:agoodfoodsupplyfor 11.2.2 Hospital-centricIoTapplications 189
crops 146 11.2.3 IoTbenefittinghealthinsurance
9.6 Germination,fieldproduction,and companies 190
efficiencyenhancementofseed 11.2.4 Pharmaceuticalgovernance 190
nanomaterials 148 11.3 Implementationmethodologies 190
9.7 Plantsensorysystemsandresponsesto 11.3.1 Fogcomputing 191
radicalclimatechangeinfluences 11.3.2 Edgecomputing 192
nanomaterials 149 11.4 Implementationmodels 193
9.8 Nanosensorsandnanomaterials: 11.4.1 Heartdiseaseprediction 193
perturbationdetectionandcontrol 150 11.4.2 HealthcareIoT-basedaffective
9.9 Pesticide-basedplantsafety stateminingusingdeep
nanomaterials 150 convolutionalneuralnetworks 194
viii Contents
11.5 ChallengesinhealthcareIoT 195 11.7.3 Quarantinedpatientcare 199
11.5.1 Technology-orientedchallenges 195 11.7.4 Publicsurveillance 200
11.5.2 Adaptingtoremotehealthcare 11.7.5 Safeguardinghygiene 200
andtelehealth 195 11.7.6 IoTandrobotics 200
11.5.3 Datasecurity 195 11.7.7 Smartdisinfectionandsanitation
11.6 Securityissuesanddefense tunnel 201
mechanismsandIoT 196 11.7.8 Smartmasksandsmartmedical
11.6.1 Securityrequirementsin equipment 201
healthcareIoT 196 11.8 FutureofIoTinhealthcare 202
11.6.2 AttacksonIoTdevices 196 11.8.1 IoTand5G 202
11.6.3 Defensivemechanism 197 11.8.2 IoTandartificialintelligence 202
11.7 Covid19—howIoTrosetotheglobal 11.9 Conclusion 203
pandemic 198 References 203
11.7.1 AboutCovid19 199
11.7.2 Decodingtheoutbreakand Index 205
identifyingpatientzero 199
List of contributors
T. Lucia Agnes Beena Department of Information Nor Hisham B. Hamid Department of Electrical and
Technology, St. Josephs College, Tiruchirappalli, Electronics Engineering, Universiti Technologi
India PETRONAS,Perak,Malaysia
Rokeya Akter Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath Joarder Kamruzzaman School of Engineering and
University,Dhaka,Bangladesh Information Technology, Federation University
Australia,Churchill,VIC,Australia
Altahir A. Altahir Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Universiti Technologi Tai-Hoon Kim Computer Science and Engineering
PETRONAS,Perak,Malaysia Department, Global Campus of Konkuk University,
Vijanth S. Asirvadam Department of Electrical and Chungcheongbuk-do,Korea
Electronics Engineering, Universiti Technologi Deepak Kumar Sharma Department of Information
PETRONAS,Perak,Malaysia Technology, Netaji Subhas University of Technology
Sakshi Bhargava Department of Physical Sciences and (formerly known as Netaji Subhas Institute of
Engineering,BanasthaliVidyapith,Tonk,India Technology),NewDelhi,India
Debnath Bhattacharyya Computer Science and Indhra Om Prabha M G H Raisoni College of
Engineering Department, Koneru Lakshmaiah EngineeringandManagement,Pune,India
EducationFoundation,Guntur,India Bijoy Kumar Mandal Computer Science and
Paras Bohara Faculty of Applied Sciences and Engineering Department, NSHM Knowledge Campus,
Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology Durgapur,India
andManagementSciences,Solan,India Manirujjaman Manirujjaman Institute of Health and
Pankaj Kumar Chauhan Faculty of Applied Sciences Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), School of Clinical
and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of
BiotechnologyandManagementSciences,Solan,India Technology,Brisbane,QLD,Australia
Parveen Chauhan Faculty of Applied Sciences and Asif Ikbal Mondal Computer Science and Engineering
Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology Department, Dumkal Institute of Engineering &
andManagementSciences,Solan,India Technology,Murshidabad,India
Md. Arifur Rahman Chowdhury Department of Pratyusa Mukherjee School of Computer Engineering,
Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar,
Department of Bioactive Materials Science, Jeonbuk India
NationalUniversity,Jeoju,SouthKorea
Antoanela Naaji Faculty of Economics, Computer
Nhon V. Do Hong BangInternational University,Ho Chi Science and Engineering, “Vasile Goldis” Western
MinhCity,Vietnam UniversityofArad,Arad,Romania
Kanika Dulta Faculty of Applied Sciences and Hien D. Nguyen University of Information Technology,
Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National
andManagementSciences,Solan,India University,HoChiMinhCity,Vietnam
Shimaa E. Elshenawy Center of Stem Cell and Vuong T. Pham Sai Gon University, Ho Chi Minh City,
Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City for Science, Vietnam
Zewail,Egypt
Prajoy Podder Bangladesh University of Engineering
Poonam Gupta G H Raisoni College of Engineering and and Technology, Institute of Information and
Management,Pune,India CommunicationTechnology,Dhaka,Bangladesh
ix
x Listofcontributors
T. Poongodi School of Computing Science and Patrick Sebastian Department of Electrical and
Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Electronics Engineering, Universiti Technologi
India PETRONAS,Perak,Malaysia
Marius Popescu Faculty of Economics, Computer D. Sumathi SCOPE, VIT-AP University, Amaravati,
Science and Engineering, “Vasile Goldis” Western India
UniversityofArad,Arad,Romania
P. Suresh School of Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias
Chittaranjan Pradhan School of Computer University,GreaterNoida,India
Engineering, KIIT Deemed to be University,
Jayesh S Vasudeva Department of Instrumentation and
Bhubaneshwar,India
Control Engineering, Netaji Subash University of
Md. Habibur Rahman Department of Pharmacy, Technology (formerly known as Netaji Subhas
SoutheastUniversity,Dhaka,Bangladesh InstituteofTechnology),NewDelhi,India
M. Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal Bangladesh University of Amanpreet Kaur Virk Faculty of Applied Sciences and
Engineering and Technology, Institute of Information Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology
andCommunicationTechnology,Dhaka,Bangladesh andManagementSciences,Solan,India
