Applications in Ecological Engineering

393 Pages·16.524 MB·English

by  Jørgensen S.E. (Ed.)

APPLICATIONS IN
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
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APPLICATIONS IN
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
Editor-in-Chief
SVEN ERIK JØRGENSEN
Copenhagen University,
Faculty ofPharmaceutical Sciences,
Institute A,
Section of Environmental Chemistry,Toxicology andEcotoxicology,
University Park 2,
CopenhagenØ, 2100,
Denmark
AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEWYORK OXFORD
PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
ElsevierB.V.
Radarweg29,1043NXAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
Firstedition2009
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ThefollowingarticleisUSgovernmentworksinthepublicdomainandisnotsubjecttocopyright:
INVASIVESPECIES
ThefollowingarticleisreprintedfromMitschWJandJørgensenSE(2009)EcologicalDesignPrinciples
In:EcologicalEngineeringwithpermissionofJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.:
BASICECOLOGICALPRINCIPLESASBASISFORECOLOGICALENGINEERING
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09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
Contents v–vi
Contributors vii–ix
Preface xi
BASIC THEORY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION
OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
ECOLOGICALENGINEERINGANDENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT SEJørgensen 3
ECOLOGICALENGINEERING:OVERVIEW SEJørgensen 5
DESIGNPRINCIPLES SBolton 8
ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENTANDAPPLICATION–PART1 DKom´ınkova´ 13
ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTASSESSMENTANDAPPLICATION–PART2 DKom´ınkova´ 21
BASICECOLOGICALPRINCIPLESASBASISFORECOLOGICALENGINEERING SEJørgensen 32
USE OF NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS TO SOLVE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
BUFFERZONES JSSchouandPSchaarup 41
NATURALWETLANDS BGopalandDGhosh 42
RESTORATION OF ECOSYSTEMS
COASTALZONERESTORATION CBCraft,JBertram,andSBroome 59
ESTUARYRESTORATION EWolanskiandRHRichmond 66
LAKERESTORATION MHupferandSHilt 72
LAKERESTORATIONMETHODS SEJørgensen 85
MINEAREAREMEDIATION MLOtteandDLJacob 90
RIPARIANZONEMANAGEMENTANDRESTORATION U¨ Mander 95
STREAMRESTORATION JNMurdock 113
CONSTRUCTED ECOSYSTEM – IMITATION OF NATURE
CLASSICALANDAUGMENTATIVEBIOLOGICALCONTROL RGVanDriescheandKAbell 123
CONSERVATIONBIOLOGICALCONTROLANDBIOPESTICIDESINAGRICULTURAL SDWratten 130
v
vi Contents
CONSTRUCTEDWETLANDS,SUBSURFACEFLOW JVymazal 134
CONSTRUCTEDWETLANDS,SURFACEFLOW JVymazal 151
ESTUARINEECOHYDROLOGY EWolanski,LChicharo,andMAChicharo 162
IMPOUNDMENTS EMLehman 171
MASSCULTIVATIONOFFRESHWATERMICROALGAE JMasoj´ıdekandGTorzillo 176
MASSPRODUCTIONOFMARINEMACROALGAE RPereiraandCYarish 186
MULTITROPHICINTEGRATIONFORSUSTAINABLEMARINEAQUACULTURE TChopin,SMCRobinson,MTroell,
ANeori,AHBuschmann,andJFang 198
ORGANICFARMING MSˇru˚tekandJUrban 210
PHYTOREMEDIATION SCMcCutcheonandSEJørgensen 216
SEWAGESLUDGETECHNOLOGIES FYWang,VRudolph,andZHZhu 231
SOILMOVEMENTBYTILLAGEANDOTHERAGRICULTURALACTIVITIES DALobb 247
APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES IN ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
AGROFORESTRY PKRNair,AMGordon,andMRosaMosquera-Losada 259
COASTALZONEMANAGEMENT EWolanski,ANewton,NRabalais,andCLegrand 268
EROSION EJComoss,DAKelly,andHZLeslie 275
FORESTMANAGEMENT SHummelandKLO’Hara 280
INVASIVEPLANTS PPysˇekandDMRichardson 290
INVASIVESPECIES BAMiddleton 299
LANDSCAPEPLANNING U¨ Mander 308
MARICULTUREWASTEMANAGEMENT AHBuschmann,MCHerna´ndez-Gonza´lez,CAranda,TChopin,ANeori,
CHalling,andMTroell 318
STREAMMANAGEMENT JNMurdock 324
WATERCYCLEMANAGEMENT JPokorny´ andARejsˇkova´ 332
WATERSHEDMANAGEMENT U¨ Mander 341
INDEX 353
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
KAbell AMGordon
UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA,USA UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON,Canada
CAranda CHalling
UniversidaddeLosLagos,PuertoMontt,Chile StockholmUniversity,Stockholm,Sweden
JBertram MCHerna´ndez-Gonza´lez
IndianaUniversity,Bloomington,IN,USA UniversidaddeLosLagos,PuertoMontt,Chile
SBolton SHilt
UniversityofWashington,Seattle,WA,USA Leibniz-InstituteofFreshwaterEcologyandInland
Fisheries,Berlin,Germany
SBroome
NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh,NC,USA SHummel
USDAForestService,PNWResearchStation,Portland,
AHBuschmann OR,USA
UniversidaddeLosLagos,PuertoMontt,Chile
MHupfer
LChicharo Leibniz-InstituteofFreshwaterEcologyandInland
UniversidadedoAlgarve,Faro,Portugal Fisheries,Berlin,Germany
MAChicharo DLJacob
UniversidadedoAlgarve,Faro,Portugal UniversityCollegeDublin,Dublin,RepublicofIreland
TChopin
SEJørgensen
UniversityofNewBrunswick,SaintJohn,NB,Canada
CopenhagenUniversity,Copenhagen,Denmark
EJComoss DAKelly
BureauofFacilityDesignandConstruction,Harrisburg, BureauofFacilityDesignandConstruction,Harrisburg,
PA,USA PA,USA
CBCraft DKom´ınkova´
IndianaUniversity,Bloomington,IN,USA CzechTechnicalUniversityinPrague,Prague,Czech
Republic
JFang
ChineseAcademyofFisheryScience, CLegrand
Qingdao,China UniversityofKalmar,Kalmar,Sweden
DGhosh EMLehman
JawaharlalNehruUniversity,NewDelhi,India UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,MI,USA
BGopal HZLeslie
JawaharlalNehruUniversity,NewDelhi,India BureauofStateParks,Erie,PA,USA
vii
viii ListofContributors
DALobb DMRichardson
UniversityofManitoba,Winnipeg,MB,Canada StellenboschUniversity,Stellenbosch,
SouthAfrica
U¨ Mander
UniversityofTartu,Tartu,Estonia RHRichmond
UniversityofHawaiiatManoa,Honolulu,HI,USA
JMasoj´ıdek
InstituteofMicrobiology,Tˇrebonˇ,CzechRepublic SMCRobinson
DepartmentofFisheriesandOceans,St.Andrews,NB,
Canada
SCMcCutcheon
USEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Athens,
GA,USA MRosaMosquera-Losada
UniversityofSantiagodeCompostela,
Lugo,Spain
BAMiddleton
USGSNationalWetlandsResearchCenter,Lafayette,
LA,USA VRudolph
TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,QLD,
Australia
JNMurdock
KansasStateUniversity,Manhattan,KS,USA
PSchaarup
DanishForestandNatureAgency,Copenhagen,
PKRNair
Denmark
UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL,USA
JSSchou
ANeori
UniversityofAarhus,Roskilde,Denmark
IsraelOceanographicandLimnologicalResearchLtd.,
Eilat,Israel
MSˇru˚tek
InstituteofBotany,Pru˚honice,CzechRepublic
ANewton
UniversidadedoAlgarve,Faro,Portugal
GTorzillo
IstitutoperloStudiodegliEcosistemi,CNR,Sesto
KLO’Hara Fiorentino,Italy
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
MTroell
MLOtte TheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences,Stockholm,
UniversityCollegeDublin,Dublin,RepublicofIreland Sweden
RPereira JUrban
CentreforMarineandEnvironmentalResearch– PRO-BIOAssociationofOrganicFarmers,Sˇumperk,
CIIMAR,Porto,Portugal CzechRepublic
JPokorny´ RGVanDriesche
ENKI,O.P.S.,Tˇrebonˇ,CzechRepublic UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,MA,USA
PPysˇek
JVymazal
Czech Academy of Sciences, Pru˚honice, Czech
ENKI,o.p.s.,Tˇrebonˇ,CzechRepublic
Republic
FYWang
NRabalais TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,QLD,
LouisianaUniversitiesMarineConsortium,Chauvin,LA, Australia
USA
EWolanski
ARejsˇkova´ ACTFR,JamesCookUniversity,QLD,Australia,
ENKI,O.P.S.,Tˇrebonˇ,CzechRepublic andAIMS,Townsville,QLD,Australia
ListofContributors ix
SDWratten ZHZhu
LincolnUniversity,Canterbury,NewZealand TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,QLD,
Australia
CYarish
UniversityofConnecticut,Stamford,
CT,USA