Application of Fracture Mechanics to Polymers, Adhesives and Composites, Volume 33

299 Pages·2003·12.82 MB·English

by  D R Moore

THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE
MECHANICS TO POLYMERS,
ADHESIVES AND COMPOSITES
Other titles in the ESlS Series
EGF l The Behaviour of Short Fatigue Cracks
Editcd by K.J. Miller and E.R. de 10s Rios
EGF 2 Tlre Fracture Mechanics of Welds
Editcd by J.G. Blaucl and K.-H. Schwalbc
EGF 3 Bioxial and Multiaxial Fatigue
Editcd by M.W. Brown and K.J. Millcr
EGF 4 The Assessment of Cracked Con~poneirtsb y Fractrtre Mechanics
Editcd by L.H. Larsson
EGF 5 fielding, Damage, and Failure ofAnisotropic Solids
Editcd by J.P. Bochlcr
EGF 6 High Temperotrrre Fraclrtre Mecharrisnrs arid hlechurrics
Edltcd by P. Bcnsussan and J.P. Mascarcll
EGF 7 En~~ironnreAnsl sisted Fatigue
Editcd by P. Scott and R.A. Cottis
EGFESIS 8 Fracture Meclra~rics Verificatiorl by Large Scale Esting
Ed~tcdb y K. Kussmaul
ESISIEGF 9 Defect Assessnrerit in Conrporierits -
Fu~rdanreritolsa rid dpplicatiorrs
Editcd by J.G. Blaucl and K.-H. Schwalbc
ESIS 10 Fatigrre rrnder Biaxial and Multimiol Loading
Editcd by K. Kussmaul, D.L. McDiarmid and D.F. Socic
ESIS I1 Mecharrrcs and Mechanisnrs of Dunrage in Corrrposites and Multi-Materials
Edited by D. Baptiste
ESlS 12 High Temperature Strrictrrral Desigrl
Editcd by L.H. Larsson
ESlS 13 Slrort Fatigue Cracks
Editcd by K.J. Millcr and E.R. dc 10s R~os
ESlS 14 Mired-Mode Fatigrre and Fractrrre
Editcd by H.P. Rossmanith and K.J. Millcr
ESlS 15 Behaviorir of DL.fects at High Pnrperatures
Editcd by R.A. Ainsworth and R.P. Skclton
ESIS 16 Fatigrre Desigrr
Editcd by J. Solln, G. Marquis, A. Siljandcr and S. Sipill
ESIS 17 Mis-Matchirrg of IVelds
Editcd by K.-H. Schwalbc and M. Koqak
ESIS 18 Fretting Fatigue
Editcd by R.B. Watcrhouse and T.C. Lindley
ESlS 19 Irnpact ofDyrroriric Fracture of Pobnrers and Conrposites
Editcd by J.G. Williams and A. Pavan
ESIS 20 Evalrtati~rgM aterial Properties bv Dynanric Testing
Edited by E. van Wallc
ESlS 21 Mrrltiarial Fatigue B Design
Edited by A. Pineau, G. Gailletaud and T.C. Lindley
ESlS 22 Farigire Design of Components. ISBN 008-0433 18-9
Editcd by G. Marquis and J. Solin
ESlS 23 Farigrre Design and Reliabiliy ISBN 008-043329-4
Edlted by G. Marquis and J. Solin
ESIS 24 Mininrrrnr Rcinforcenrcrrt in Co~rcreleM enrbers. ISBN 008-043022-8
Editcd by Albcrto Carpintcri
ESlS 25 hfr~ltimiaFl atigue and Fractrrre. ISBN 008-043336-7
Edited by E. Macha, W. B.edkowski and T. Lagoda
ESIS 26 Fracnire Mechanics: Applications and Clrallerrges. ISBN 008-043699-4
Editcd by M. Fuentcs, M. Elices, A. Martin-Meizoso and J.M. Martinez-Esnaola
ESIS 27 Fracture ofPoly~nersC, on~positesa nd Adhesives. ISBN 008-0437 10-9
Editcd by J.G. Williams and A. Pavan
ESlS 28 Fracture Mechartics Testing Methods for Po(vnrers Adlresives and Conrposites.
ISBN 008-043689-7
Edited by D.R. Moorc, A. Pavan and J.G. Williams
ESlS 29 Temperature-Fatigue Interaction.
ISBN 008-043982-9
Edited by L. Rimy and I. Petit
ESlS 30 Fronr Clrorpy to Present In~pactT esting.
ISBN 008-043970-5
Editcd by D. Franqois and A. Pincau
ESlS 31 Biaxal/Multiarial Fatique and Fracture
ISBN 008-044 129-7
Editcd by A. Carpintcri, M. de Frcitas and A. Spagnoli
ESlS 32 Fracture of Polynrers, Conrposites and Adhesives 11
ISBN: 008-044195-5
Editcd by B.R.K. Blackman, A. Pavan and J.G. Williams
For information on how to ordcr titlcs 1-21, plcasc contact MEP Ltd, Northgate Avcnuc,
Bury St Edmonds, Suffolk, 1P32 6BW, UK. Titlcs 22-32 can bc ordcrcd from Elsevier
(http:liwww.clscvicccom).
THE APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO POLYMERS,
ADHESIVES AND COMPOSITES
Co-ordinating Editor:
D.R. Moore
ESIS Publication 33
The book is the work of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS)
through its Technical Commitee 4 (TC4)
2004
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EDITORIAL TEAM
B.R.K. Blackman Imperial College London, UK
A. Brunner EMPA, Dfibendorf, Switzerland
P. Davies IFREMER Centre de Brest, France
ES. Leevers Imperail College London, UK
D.R. Moore Imperial College London, UK
A. Pavan Politecnico di Milano, Italy
EE. Reed University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
J.G. Williams Imperial College London, UK
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Elsevicr Titles of Related Interest
BLACKMAN, PAVAN & WILLIAMS MARQUIS & SOLIN
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CARPlNTERl MOORE ETAL.
M~nimumR c~nforccmcnti n Concrctc Mcnibcrs. Fracturc hlcchanics Tcsting Methods for Polymcrs,
ISBN: 008-043022-8 Adhcsivcs and Compositcs.
ISBN: 008-043689-7
CARPINTERI ETAL
Blaxlal I Multiaxial Fatigilc and Fracturc. MURAKAMI
ISBN: 008-044129-7 Metal Fat~gucE ficts of Small Dcfccts and Nonnictlll~cI nclus~ons.
ISBN: 008-044064-9
FRANCOIS and PlNEAU
From Charpy to Prcscnt Impact Testing. RAVICHANDRAN ETAL.
ISBN: 008-043970-5 Small Fatiguc Cracks: Mcchanics, Mechanisms & Applicat~ons
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ISBN: 008-043699-4 Temperature-Fatigue Interaction.
ISBN: 008-043982-9
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Failurc Analysis Case Studlcs 11. TANAKA S: DULIKRAVICH
ISBN: 008-043959-4 llivcrsc Problcms In Engineering Mcchanics 11.
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Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracturc VOYlADJIS S: KATTAN
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vii
CONTENTS
Editorial Team Affiliations V
INTRODUCTION
P.E . Reed 1
APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO POLYMERS
Polymer Performance
Ductile-Brittle Fracture Transitions in Polyethersulphone 7
D.R. Moore
The Application of Fracture Mechanics to the Fatigue Crack Propagation of Toughened
Thermosets 17
H. Sautereau
Fracture Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic Polymers as a Function of Molecular and
Supermolecular Variables 25
J. Karger-Kocsis
Failure of Polymers by Rupture versus Disentanglement of Molecules 31
F. Ramsteiner
Rate Dependent Fracture of Polymers - Applicability and Limitations of Force Based Fracture
Mechanics Approaches 39
Z. Major and R. W. Lang
Creep Crack Growth in High Density Polyethylene 47
G. Pinter and R. W.L ang
Plastic Zone Corrected LEFM: Benefits and Limits 55
C. Grein. H.-H. Kausch and Ph. Bdguelin
Why Ductile Thermoplastics Sometimes Fracture Under Impact 63
P.S. Leevers
Rate and Temperature Effects on Fracture Toughness of Polystyrene at Varying
Molecular Mass 71
L. Castellani, S. Colombarini and R. Frassine
Applicability of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to Fatigue in Amorphous and
Semi-crystalline Polymers 83
R. K Lang, W. Balika and G. Pinter
...
Vlll
Polymer Design
Comparison between Material Toughness and Component Toughness 93
D.R. Moore
The Engineering Design of Water Storage Tanks 97
D.R. Moore
Critical Pressure for Rapid Crack Propagation in Thermoplastic Water Pipe 103
P.S. Leevers and C.J. Greenshields
The Use of Fracture Mechanics to Assess Plastics Pressure Pipe Materials 109
G.P. Marshall and J.G . Williams
Materials Selection Using Fracture Mechanics 121
D.D. Huang, S. Li andJ.G. Williams
APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO ADHESIVES
Adhesives Performance
Peel Strength and Adhesive Fracture Toughness 131
D.R. Moore
Prediction of Ductile-Brittle Transitions in Coating Materials 137
D.R. Moore
The Durability of Adhesive Joints in Hostile Environments 143
B.R.K. Blackman and A.J. Kinloch
Adhesives Design
The Influence of Adhesive Bond Line Thickness on the Toughness of Adhesive Joints 149
A.J. Kinloch and D.R. Moore
Adhesive Joint Strength Prediction for Composite Design 157
J.P. Sargent and P. Davies
The Role of the Interphase and its Residual Stresses in the Determination of Fracture
Toughness 163
J. Bouchet and A.A. Roche
Scratch Resistance and Embrittlement of Coated Polymeric Systems 171
F. Ramsteiner, T. Jaworek, M. Weber and Sf. Forster
Evaluation of the Interfacial Strength in Polymeric Systems 179
F. Ramsteiner
The Use of Fracture Mechanics Techniques to Predict the Service Life of Adhesive Joints 187
A.J. Kinloch and A.C. Taylor
1x
Residual Stress Effects in Fracture of Composites and Adhesives 193
J.A. Nairn
APPLICATION OF FRACTURE MECHANICS TO COMPOSITES
Composites Performance
Toughness Comparisons With and Without Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 201
D.R. Moore
Finite Fracture Mechanics of Matrix Microcracking in Composites 207
J.A. Nairn
Fracture Mechanics of the Microbond and Pull-Out Tests 213
J.A . Nairn
Fracture Anisotropy 219
D.R. Moore
Determination of Interface Adhesion in Single-Fibre Pull-Out and Microbond Experiments 227
B. Lauke. T. Schiiller and W.B eckert
Microstructure Dependent Fracture and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in
Injection-Molded Short Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastics 233
J. Karger-Kocsis
Composites Design
A Stiffener Debonding Study Using Fracture Mechanics Data 24 1
P. Davies
The Influence of Epoxy-Metal Interphase Properties on Fracture Toughness 249
A.A. Roche and J. Bouchet
Fracture Tests to Optimise Marine Composite Manufacturing 251
P. Davies and H. Loaec
Suppression of Initiation of Delamination Cracking in Unidirectional Composites by Self-Same
Resin Interleaving 265
I.K. Partridge and D.D.R. Cartit
Suppression of Propagation of Delamination Cracking in Unidirectional Composites by
Z-Fiber@ Pinning 213
D.D.R. Cartie! and I.K. Partridge
Author Index 279
Subject Index 28 1
Author Affiliations 285