Table Of ContentAppendix A
Federal PM Emission Standards For Diesel-Powered On-Road and Off-Road Engines
2.5
Off-Road, Land-Based Engines[1] Marine Vessel Engines[2] Locomotive Engines[3] On-Road Engines[4]
Power (kW)/ HDDV/ PM
Model Horsepower PM Displacement PM Duty Cycle PM Urban (g/bhp-hr)
Year Liter/Cylinder (D)
(hp) Tier[5] (g/bhp- Group[7] Tier[8] (g/kW-hr) Tier (g/bhp-hr) Bus
hr)[6]
1973 Line-Haul 0 0.6
Switchyard 0 0.72
1988 HDDV 0.6
1991 HDDV 0.25
Bus 0.25
1993 Bus 0.1
1994 HDDV 0.1
Bus 0.07
1996 >175 to <750 1 0.4 Bus 0.05
1999 >25 to <50 1 0.6 Small[9] >19 kW to <37 kW 1 0.8
2000 <11 1 0.75 Small <8 kW 1 1
>11 to <25 1 0.6 Small >8 kW to <19 kW 1 0.8
>750 1 0.4
2001 >300 to <600 2 0.15
2002 >600 to <750 2 0.15 Line-Haul 1 0.45
Switchyard 1 0.54
2003 >100 to <175 2 0.22
>175 to <300 2 0.15
2004 >25 to <50 2 0.45 Small >19 kW to <37 kW 2 0.6
>50 to <75 2 0.3 C1 >0.9 D to <1.2 D 2 0.3
Com[10]
>75 to <100 2 0.3 C1 Com >1.2 D to <2.5 D 2 0.2
2005 <11 2 0.6 Small <8 kW 2 0.8 Line-Haul 2 0.2
>11 to <25 2 0.6 Small >8 kW to <19 kW 2 0.8 Switchyard 2 0.24
C1 Com <0.9 2 0.4
Appendix A
Federal PM Emission Standards For Diesel-Powered On-Road and Off-Road Engines
2.5
Off-Road, Land-Based Engines[1] Marine Vessel Engines[2] Locomotive Engines[3] On-Road Engines[4]
Power (kW)/ HDDV/ PM
Model Horsepower PM Displacement PM Duty Cycle PM Urban (g/bhp-hr)
Year Liter/Cylinder (D)
(hp) Tier[5] (g/bhp- Group[7] Tier[8] (g/kW-hr) Tier (g/bhp-hr) Bus
hr)[6]
2006 >750 2 0.15 C1 >0.9 D to <1.2 D 2 0.3 All engines use Ultra
Rec[11] Low Sulfur Diesel
C1 Rec >1.2 D to <2.5 D 2 0.2 Fuel (15 ppm)
2007 All engines use 500 ppm low sulfur All engines use 500 ppm LSD fuel All engines use 500 ppm LSD HDDV 0.01
diesel fuel[12] Com C1 >2.5 D to <5.0 D 2 0.2 (First 25%
ffl t) The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
C2 >5 D to <15 D 2 0.27 of fleet)
Com[13]
C2 Com > 15 D to <20 D[14] 2 0.5
C2 Com >15 D to <20 D[15] 2 0.5
C2 Com >20 D to <25 D 2 0.5
C2 Com >25 D to <30 D 2 0.5
C1 Rec <0.9 D 2 0.4
2008 <25 4 0.3 HDDV 0.01
>25 to <50 4 0.22 (Add’l
>50 to <75 4 0.22 25%)
2009 C1 Rec >2.5 D 2 0.2 HDDV 0.01
(Add’l
25%)
2010 All engines use ULSD fuel (15 ppm) HDDV 0.01
(Final 25%
of fleet)
2011 >175 to <750 4 0.01
2012 >75 to <100 4 0.01 All vessels All engines must use ULSD fuel
>100 to <175 4 0.01 t
2013 >25 to <50 4 0.02
>50 to <75 4 0.02
Appendix A
Federal PM Emission Standards For Diesel-Powered On-Road and Off-Road Engines
2.5
Off-Road, Land-Based Engines[1] Marine Vessel Engines[2] Locomotive Engines[3] On-Road Engines[4]
Power (kW)/ HDDV/ PM
Model Horsepower PM Displacement PM Duty Cycle PM Urban (g/bhp-hr)
Year Liter/Cylinder (D)
(hp) Tier[5] (g/bhp- Group[7] Tier[8] (g/kW-hr) Tier (g/bhp-hr) Bus
hr)[6]
2014 All engines must use ULSD fuel
2015 >750 generator 4 0.02
sets
>75 non- 4 0.03
generator sets
[1]Emission standards are from www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/offroad.html andU.S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, “Clean Air Nonroad Diesel
Rule” <www.epa.gov/nonroad-diesel/2004fr/420f04032.htm>.
[2]U.S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, “Regulatory Update: Overview of EPA’s Emission Standards for Marine Engines,” EPA420-F-04-031,
August 2004. U.S. EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, “Regulatory Announcement: Emission Standards Adopted for New Marine Diesel Engines,”
EPA 420-F-03-001, January 2003.
[3]Emission standards are from www.dieselnet.com/standards/us/loco.html
[4]Emission standards are from www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/overoh-pm.htm and U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, “Emission Standards Reference Guide for
Heavy-Duty and Nonroad Engines,” EPA420-F-97-014, September 1997.
[5]Tier 3 standards were not implemented and thus are not included in this table.
[6]Tier 1 and Tier 2 PM2.5 Emission Standards pertain to all off-road engines, except marine vessels with >50 hp, locomotives and underground mining equipment.
Tier 4 emission standards pertain to all off-road engines, except all marine vessels, locomotives and underground mining equipment.
[7]Emission standards for C3 commercial marine vessel engines are not included in this chart because C3 domestic marine engines do not have federal PM
emission standards currently. EPA has stated that it will develop more stringent Tier 2 standards for C3 domestic engines by April 2007; however, it is not clear
whether this rule will include emission standards for PM. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (the MARPOL convention)
controls emission standards for foreign-flagged ships. Foreign-flagged C3 vessels do not currently have PM standards. C3 vessels include container ships,
oil tankers, bulk carriers and cruise ships.
[8]Tier 1 emission standards for C1, C2, and C3 marine vessels, including diesel recreational marine vessels, were only for NOx and are thus not included in this table.
[9]A “small” marine vessel includes recreational and pleasure boats under 50 hp. The rated power is <37 kW. There is no specific limit to the displacement per cylinder.
[10]“C1 Com” is a Category 1 commercial marine engine and includes tugboats, supply vessels, fishing vessels and other commercial vessels. The general The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
horsepower range is 700 hp to 11,000 hp, the rated power is >37 kW and the displacement per cylinder is <5 liters.
[11]“C1 Com” is a Category 1 recreational marine engine and includes yachts and cruisers. Rated power is >37 kW and displacement per cylinder is <5 liters.
[12]Use of lower-sulfur fuels is by calendar year, not model year.
[13]“C2 Com” is a Category 2 commercial marine engine and includes tugboats, supply vessels, fishing vessels and other commercial vessels. The general
horsepower range is 700 hp to 11,000 hp. The displacement per cylinder is between >5 liters and <30 liters.
[14]For vessels with rated power of <3300 kW.
[15]For vessels with rated power of >3300 kW.
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix B
Overview of Data on Diesel Engine Sectors in Massachusetts
Diesel Sector Diesel Total # PM2.5 Ownership Growth Tier/Engine GVWR/ Equipment Age[2] Use Location/Homeport
Only Known Emission Estimate Class[1] D.Liter/net Manufacturer
Data tons/Kw/hp
On-Road Vehicles
In-State Vehicles Yes Yes Yes No General Yes Yes No Yes No
Out-of-State Vehicles No Yes Yes No No No No No No No
School Buses No Yes Yes Yes No No Some No Yes Yes
Transit Buses No Yes Yes Yes No No Some No Yes Yes
Waste Haulers No No No Yes No No No No General Yes
Off-Road, Land-Based Engines
Construction & Mining Yes Yes Yes General[3] Some No No No General[4] No
Industrial Equipment Yes Yes Yes No No No No No General No
Commercial Eqmt. Yes Yes Yes No No No No No General No
6 Equipment Groups Yes Yes Yes No No No No No General No
Marine Vessel Engines
Small & C1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes General Yes Yes Yes No
Recreational
Commercial C1 Yes Yes Yes[5] Some Yes General Some Some General Yes
C2 No Yes Yes Some Yes General Some Some General Yes
Locomotive Engines
Line-Haul Yes Yes Yes Yes No No N/A No General Yes
Switchyard Yes Yes Yes Yes No No N/A No General Yes
Commuter Yes Yes Yes Yes No No NA No General Yes
Stationary Engines Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Area Source Engines Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No
[1]Some sectors, such as locomotives that regulate by factors other than engine weight or displacement per cylinder, engine class is more relevant than GVWR.
[2]There may be general information about the age of engines in a sector; however, age data on specific engines in Massachusetts are unavailable or unknown.
[3]Data are available on general groups (i.e., municipalities, private sector, the state, state authorities and others) but not on specific pieces of equipment.
[4]General in this category means that data are based on national statistics.
[5]PM2.5 emission data are based on the number of trips by domestic commercial vessels, both gas and diesel-powered.
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix C
Regional Transit Authority (RTA) Bus Fleets
May 2003
RTA Diesel Buses Year
BERKSHIRE RTA (2) GMC RTS 1978
(1) GMC 40-RTS (AP71, 8V71 Detroit Cylinder) 1979
(2) Orion 6V71 1987
(3) Flexible Metro Buses 6V92 1992
(10) Opus 5.9 Liter (minivans) 2002
BROCKTON AREA TRANSIT (29)TMC RTS 1692 Detroit Diesel 1991
(15) Nova RTS Series 50 Detroit Diesel 1995
CAPE ANN RTA (1) Orion-Gatra, 43-passenger 1983
(2) Flex/Trans, 28-Passenger 1995
(3) Flex/Trans, 36-Passenger 1995
(2) RTS, 35-Passenger 1998
(2) RTS, 27-Passenger 1998
(1) RTS, 27 Passenger 1999
(2) Worldtrans, 23-Passenger 1999
(1) Worldtrans, 23-Passenger 2000
(4) RTS, 35-Passenger 2000
Trolley/American Heritage 2001
CAPE COD RTA (3) Eldorado Transmarks 1997
(4) Eldorado Aerotechs 1996
FRANKLIN RTA (3) WorldTrans, 23-Passenger 1999
(3) Ford Aerotech Mini-Buses, 17-Passenger 1998
(3) Ford Aerotech Mini-Buses, 17-Passenger 1999
(1) International bus 2001
GREATER ATTLEBORO- (1) Ford E350, International engine, 250 HP 1995
TAUNTON RTA
(GATRA) (2) Ford Elderado, International engine, 250 HP 1996
(1) Ford E350, International engine 250 HP 1997
(1) Ford 24AW, International engine, 250 HP 1998
(4) Eldorado Transmark, Cummins engine, 250 HP 1998
(2) Eldorado E-Z Rider, Cummins Engine, 250 HP 1999
(2) Eldorado Low Floor, Cummins Engine, 250 HP 1999
(1) Ford E350, International engine 250 HP 1999
(2) Eldorado Escort-Fe, Chevrolet engine, 190 HP 2002
(4) Eldorado FE, Chevrolet engine, 190 HP 2002
GREENFIELD MONTAGUE RTA (3) Nova RTS 1995
(3) Nova RTS 1999
(5) Minibuses,18-Passenger 1994
(2) Minibuses,18-Passenger 1996
(2) Minibuses,18-Passenger 1997
(2) Minibuses,18-Passenger 2001
LOWELL RTA (22) Flexible, 35-Passenger 1992
(13) Gillig
(2) Bluebirds 1994
MARTHA’S VINEYARD RTA (4) Short-Wheel Trend Shuttles, 22-Passenger 1997
(3) Short-Wheel Trend Shuttles, 22-Passenger 1998
(8) Short-Wheel Trend Shuttles, 22-Passenger 1999
MARTHA’S VINEYARD RTA (2) Short-Wheel Trend Shuttles, 22-Passenger 2000
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix C
Regional Transit Authority (RTA) Bus Fleets
May 2003
RTA Diesel Buses Year
(1) Bluebird 2001
(4) Bluebirds 2002
MERRIMACK VALLEY RTA (5) GMC RTS 1987
(14) Gilligs, Detroit Series 50 1996
(12) Gilligs, Detroit Series 50 1999
(17) Gilligs, Series 50 2003
MONTACHUSETT RTA (2) GMC RTS2, 35-Passenger 1979
(3) GMS RTS 04, 35-passenger 1982
(4) GMC RTS 04, 35-passenger 1984
(2) Chevy Trolleys 1984
(3) GMC RTS 06, 37-Passenger 1989
(1) GMC, 25-Passenger 1989
(1) Ford, 25-Passenger 1989
(3) Eldorado Cummings, 26-Passenger 1989
(1) GMC, 35-Passenger 1990
(1) International, 35-Passenger 1991
(2) GMC RTS-06, 36-Passenger 1991
(1) International, 35-Passenger 1992
(2) Ford, 14-Passenger 1996
(6) GMC RTS –06 1996
(1) Bluebird, 26-Passenger 1999
(4) Novistars, 20-Passenger 2000
NANTUCKET RTA (1) Eldorado Escort 1996
(1) Eldorado Escort 1997
(4) Eldorado Escorts 1998
(4) Eldorado Escorts 1999
(1) Eldorado Escort 2000
(4) Eldorado Escorts 2002
PIONEER VALLEY RTA (11) Nova RTS 6L engine 1992
(35) Nova RTS 6L engine 1993
(100) Nova RTS Detroit 50 series 1995
(30) Nova RTS Detroit 50 series 1999
SOUTHEASTERN RTA (22) TMC RTS 06 1991
(8) TMC RTS O6 1991
(26) Nova Bus RTS 06 - Series 50 1995
(10) Nova Bus RTS 06 - Series 50 1998
WORCESTER RTA (3) Nova RTS 1986
(26) Nova RTS 1996
(11) Nova RTS 1997
(13) Nova RTS 1998
(2) Nova RTS 2000
Bus companies have been purchased by other companies several times. The transition of ownerships for GMC buses are:
GMC was original owner; then TMC bought out GMC; then Nova bought TMC in 1994; then Volvo bought Nova. However,
according to one bus maintenance person, the company is still known as Nova and that Volvo plans to discard this part of their
automobile business in the near future (Rick Petit, Brockton RTA, 4/2003).
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix D
2004 School Bus Data from Laidlaw International, Inc.
District Name Contract Type Contractor Number of Vehicles Contract Expiration Option to Renew
Abington Public Schools First Student 10 2006
Acton-Boxborough self 40
Acushnet Amaral 13 2006
Adams-Cheshire R S D Dufour 19 2005 2007
Agawam LPVEC 27
Amesbury Laidlaw 14 2008
Amherst Pelham S D Kuzmeskus 19 2005
Andover Parent 14
Andover Trombly 16
Applewild School First Student 4 2005
Arlington self 5
Ashburnham Westminster S D First Student 23 2005
Ashland MJConnolly 15
Assabet Valley Vocational S D First Student 25 2005
Athol-Royalston R S D Merrifield 17 2007
Attleboro Haskell 27 2007 2009
Auburn R H White 10 2007
Avon self 4
Ayer Public Schools First Student 7 2007
Barnstable First Student 65 2009
Bedford Bedford Charter 11
Belchertown Public Schools Reg 5 Star 19 2006
Bellingham Vendetti 16 2006
Belmont reg Vocell 6 2007
Berkley Bloom 9 2007
Berkshire Hills R S D Messini Bus 18 2005 2007
Berlin-Boylston Regional S D First Student 17
Beverly self 27
Billerica Atlantic Express 15
Blackstone Valley Voc Atlantic Express 19
Blackstone-Millville R S D Tellstone 21
Blue Hills Vocational S D First Student 17 2005
Boston First Student 618 2008 2013
Bourne Dudley 16 2005
Bourne JCR 4 2005
Bourne w/c NCOI 3
Braintree self 35
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix D
2004 School Bus Data from Laidlaw International, Inc.
District Name Contract Type Contractor Number of Vehicles Contract Expiration Option to Renew
Braintree/Hngm/Cohasett METCO First Student 4
Bridgewater-Raynham R S D Laidlaw 40 2006
Bristol County Agr Amaral 7
Bristol-Plymouth Voc Bloom 12 2005
Brockton Public Schools sped-out Atlantic Express 20 2008
Brockton Public Schools w/c Bill's Taxi 6 2008
Brockton Public Schools reg First Student 85 2008
Brockton Public Schools sped-in First Student 45 2008
Brookline reg Laidlaw 6 2005
Burlington A & F 25
Cambridge sped Atlantic Express 22
Cambridge reg Eastern 24
Canton MJConnolly 11
Cape Cod Technical School Reg Laidlaw 10 2005
Carver self 30
Central Berkshire R S D Dufour 29 2007
Chatham First Student 7 2005
Chelmsford Public Schools First Student 29 2005
Chelsea Atlantic Express 18
Chicopee Reg Laidlaw 101 2005 2006
Clarksburg Tietgens 2
Clinton First Student 14 2006
Cohasset Ingle 6 2005
Concord-Carlisle S D self 35
Danvers Salter 10 2005
Dartmouth Tremblay 24
Dedham MJConnolly 7
Dennis/Yarmouth R S D First Student 29 2008
Dighton-Rehoboth S D reg Bloom 20 2007
Douglas Tellstone 12 2007
Dover MJConnolly 10
Dover/Sherborn/Walpole METCO First Student 2
Dover-Sherborn S D MJConnolly 18
Dracut Reg No Reading 22 2007
Dudley Charlton R S D reg Laidlaw 56 2008
Duxbury Public Schools Laidlaw 20 2006
E Bridgewater Public Schools Laidlaw 14 2006
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix D
2004 School Bus Data from Laidlaw International, Inc.
District Name Contract Type Contractor Number of Vehicles Contract Expiration Option to Renew
E Longmeadow LPVEC 18
Easthampton Strong 15 2006
Easton Laidlaw 16 2006
Erving elem Kuzmeskus 3 2006
Essex Agr Laidlaw 12 2006
Fairhaven Sped Laidlaw 3 2007
Fairhaven Reliable 7
Fall River Tremblay 90
Falmouth Public Schools Reg First Student 30 2005
Farmington River R S D Dufour 7
Fitchburg First Student 40 2008
Forida Tietgens 3
Foxborough self 20
Framingham Public Schools First Student 87 2006
Franklin Holmes 26
Franklin County Tech Kuzmeskus 13 2009 2014
Freetown/Lakeville R S D Laidlaw 21 2005 2006
Frontier R S D Grybko 12
Gardner First Student 20 2006
Gateway R S D Dufour 22 2005
Gateway R S D First Student 7 2005
Gateway R S D Lecrenski Bros 12 2005
Georgetown Laidlaw 5 2008
Gill-Montague S D Kuzmeskus 15 2005
Gloucester self 31
Grafton Laidlaw 12 2007
Granby Public Schools Reg First Student 9 2005
Greenfield Kuzmeskus 25 2005
Groton Dunstable S D Laidlaw 18 2006
Grtr Fall River Voc 11
Grtr Lawrence Voc Trombly 26 2005
Grtr Lowell Voc First Student 33 2006
Grtr New Bedford Voc Reliable 16
Grtr New Bedford Voc Tremblay 15
Hadley 5 Star 4 2007
Hamilton-Wenham S D Salter 13
Hampden-Wilbraham R S D LPVEC 46
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Appendix D
2004 School Bus Data from Laidlaw International, Inc.
District Name Contract Type Contractor Number of Vehicles Contract Expiration Option to Renew
Hampshire R S D 5 Star 2
Hampshire R S D Healy 12
Hampshire R S D Stevensville 5
Hancock Dufour 2
Hanover Ingle 15
Harvard Gokey & Quinn 10 2006
Harwich First Student 8 2005
Hatfield 5 Star 3
Haverhill sped Laidlaw 4 2006 2008
Hingham Public Schools First Student 18 2006
Holbrook Public Schools First Student 6
Holliston Holmes 18
Holyoke National Express 55 2005
Hopedale self 10
Hopkinton MJConnolly 19
Hudson Public Schools First Student 12
Hull North River 6 2005
Ipswich Salter 18
King Phillip R S D Holmes 19 2006
Lawrence HTS Laidlaw 3 2005 2007
Lawrence sped 1 No Reading 18 2005 2007
Lawrence w/c self 7
Lee Dufour 8 2007
Leicester Varney's 12
Lenox Dufour 8
Leominster reg First Student 38 2008
Lexington C & W 14 2007
Lincoln METCO Dee 2 2005
Lincoln-Sudbury Regional S D First Student 28 2005
Littleton Public Schools First Student 8 2006
Longmeadow LPVEC 5
Lowell sped Atlantic Express 43
Lowell Public Schools First Student 72 2006
Ludlow LPVEC 16
Lunenburg Public Schools Atlantic Express 10 2006
Lynn reg McGinn 1
Lynn sped IN No Reading 18
The Massachusetts 2002 Diesel Particulate Matter Inventory - September 2007
Description:Bus companies have been purchased by other companies several times. The transition of ownerships for GMC buses 350. CHAFEY MARK S. 17 OLD ESSEX RD. MANCHESTER. MA. 01944. MS4058XX. 06-Nov-07. 1981. C/F CATERPILLAR. 1985. 210. NICHOLS. JOHN. R. 446 WASHINGTON ST.