APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT -

75 Pages·2005·2.87 MB·English

NASAT ND -7720
NASA TECHNICAL NOTE
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APOLLO EXPERIENCER EPORT ­
FOOD SYSTEMS
byM alcolCm. S mitJhr,. R,i tMa. Rapp,
ClaytSo.nH uberP,a ulC .R ambaut,
D.
andN orman Heide/baugh
B.
Lyndon JohnsSopna cCee nter
77058
HoustoTne,x as
NATIONAAELR ONAUTAINCDSS P ACAED MINISTR•A TWIAOSNH INGTDO.NC ,. • JUL1Y9 74
2.
1. ReportN o. IGo vernmenActc essiNoon. 3.R ecipienCta'tsa loNgo .
NASA TN D-7720
4.T itlaen dS ubtitle 5.R eportD ate
July 1974
APOLLO EXPERIENCREE PORT
FOOD SYSTEMS 6.P erformiOnrgg anizatCioodne
7.
Author(s) MalcolmC . SmithJ,r ., JSRiCt;a M. Rapp,J SC; 8.P erformiOnrgg anizatRieopno rt No.
ClaytoSn. H uber,T echnologIyn,c ;. P aul CR.a mbautJ,S C; JSCS -390
andN ormanD . HeidelbauJgSh,C
10W.o rk Unit No.
9.
PerformOirngga nizatNiaomne a ndA ddress
914-50-95-07-72
11.
ContraocrtG rantN o.
LyndonB . JohnsoSnp aceC enter
HoustonT,e xas7 7058
13.T ype of Reporatn dP erioCdo vered
12.
SponsorinAgg encyN ame andA ddress
TechnicNaolt e
NationAaelr onautiacnsdS paceA dministration 14S.p onsoriAngge ncyC ode
WashingtoDn.,C . 20546
15S.u pplementNaortye s
TheJ SCD irectowra ivetdh eu seo ft heI nternatiSoynsatle omf U nit(sS If)o rt hiTse chnicNaolt e,
becausei,nh isj udgmentt,h eu seo fS Iu nitwso uldi mpaitrh eu sefulneosfts h er eporotr r esult
ine xcessicvoes t.
16A.b stract
Developmendte,l iverayn,d u seo ff oods ystemisn s upporotft heA poll7o t o1 4 missionasr e
discussiendt his report. Cihnad negseisgc nr iterfioart his unique proagsrm aims siorne quire-
mentsv arieadr et racefdr omt heb aselisnyes temt hawta se stablisbheefdo rteh ec ompletioofn
theG emini Program.P roblemasn dp rogresisns ubsystemma nagementm,a teriasle lection,
foodp ackagindge,v elopmeonftn ewf oodi temsm,e nud esigna,n df ood-consumpmteitohno ds
underz ero-gravciotnyd itioanrsed escribedTh.e effevcetinesosf v ariouasp proachiensm eeting
foods ystemo bjectivoefps r oviding fclriegwhswt i ths afe,n utritioeuass,yt op reparea,n dh ighly
acceptabfloeo diss c onsidereNdu.t ritioqunaalli tayn da dequacyi nm aintainicnrge wh ealtahr e
discussiendr elatitoont hee stablishmoefnn tu triotnialc riterfioar f uturmei ssionsT.e chnolog-
icaald vancetsh ahta ver esultferdo mt hed esigonf s eparaftoeo ds ystemfso rt hec ommandm od-
ule,t hel unamro dulet,h eM obilQuea rantinFea cilitayn,dt heL unarR eceiviLnagbo ratorayr e
presentfeodr a pplicatitoonf uturmea nneds pacecraafntdt ou niqupeo pulatiionne sa rthbound
situations.
17.
Key Words( Suggestbeyd A uthor(s)) 18.D istribution Statement
·CalorRiecq uirement· Ssp aceF-light Feeding
STARS ubjecCta tegori0es5a: n d3 1.
·E lectrolytes "Nutrition
· MenuD esign ·Proteins
·DehydratFeodo d ·P reserving
·Carbohydrates ·Packaging
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1Secu9riCtlya .ss(iofft. h irse port) 20.S ecuriCtlya ss(iofft. h ipasg e) 12No.o1 f age.s 1 Pr2ice 2.
None None 7
$3.75 I
*
Fosra lbeyt heN atioTneaclh niIcnaflo rmSaetrivoiSncp er,i ngfViierlgdi2,n2 i1a5 1
APOLLEOX PERIENCER EPORETD IOTRIALC OMMITTEE
Them aterisaulb mitftoterhd Ae p olElxpoe reincReep or(tass eersio fN ASA
TechnilcN aoteswa)s revieawneaddp rpovebdya N ASEAd itaolRr eiviBeowra d
att hLey ndBo.nJ ohnsoSnp acCee ntceorn sisotfti hnefg o llomweimnbge rs:
ScoHt.tS mipkniso(nC hiarmna)R,i crhdaR .Ba ldwiJna,m eRs. Bates,
WilalmiM .B lnadJ, r. ,A lecC.kB ondR,o bePr.tB urtC,h riCs.C ritzos,
JohnM . EgglesEt.oM n.,F ielDdosn,a Tl.dG regorEyd,wa rBd. H amblett,
Jr,.K enneFt.Hh e chDtav,i Nd. H olmna( Edri/tSoecrrye,)ta anCda rlR .
Huss. pTrihmeer eviewfeortr h irseo prwats DonladT .G regory.
CONETNTS
Section Page
SUMMAYR. 1
INTRODUTCION. . 2
MANAGEMENETF OFRT 3
ORIIGNAFLO ODA NDP ACKAGINGD ESIGCNO NISDEARTIONS 4
Food. . . 4
Packaging 7
FooSdaf et.y 9
THEB ASELINAEP OLLSOY SETMA NDS UBESQUENT DESIGCNH ANGES 11
. •
BaselSiynset e.m 11
. .
BasiDce siCghnan ge.s . . . 15
Prmiayr-PcakagDee siCghna nges 17
CONTINGENFCEYE DINSYGS TEM 20
FOODS TWOAGE 23
• . • . . . . . . .
PERSONALH YGIENAEN DA CCESSORY ITEMS 28
FOOD DEVELOPMENT 28
NUTIRTION 32
• . . .
MENUS ELETCION 37
MOBILQEU ARANTINEF ACILITFYOO D SYSTEM 39
LUNARRE CEIIVNGL ABORATORY FOODS YSETM. . 40
THEA POLL1O4 F OOD SYSETM. 41
. . .
POTENTISAPLINO FFA PPLICATIONS 48
CONLCUDINGR EMARKS 49
. • . . . . . .
iii
Section Page
REFREENECS. 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY 54
•
APPENDIX- VARIOUASP ERTURCEON CEPTSF ORT HER EHDYRATABLE
FOODP ACKAGE . . . . . . . 5.8 . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . •
iv
TABLES
Table Page
I MICROBIOLOGICRAEQLU RIEMENTFSO R SPAFCOOED S. 6
. . • . . •
II ENVRIONMENATLT ESTPA RAMTEERSA NDM EASUREMENFTOSR
THEP ACKGAEDF-OODA NDP ERSONALH YGIENIET EMS 8
•
IIIB ASELIEN MENUF ORT HEB LOCKI IC OMMANDM ODULE,
APRI1L69 7 12
. • • • • • . . . . . . . • • . . . • • . • . . •
IV BASELIEN MENUF ORT HEL UNARM ODULE,A PRI1L9 67 12
V FOOD SYSTWEEMI GHTASN DV OLUMESS UPLPIEFDO R
SELECTAEPDO LLMOI SOSINS . . . . . . . . . 25
• .
VI APOLLO PROGRABMA SLEIEN FOODS,A PRI1L96 7. 30
VII FOODSQ UALIFIEFDO R FLIGHT . .. . . . 31
• . . • .
vm ANALYTICRAELQ URIEMENTFSO RF LIGHQTU-ALIIFCATION
TESTIGN 32
• • • • • • . . . . .. . . . • • . . . • . . . . .·
IX BODY-WEIHGTC HANGESAN D ENERGYIN TAKESF OR THE
APOLL7O TO MI1SS4I OSN 34
• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X COMPARISOONF A VERAGDEA ILINYF LIGHNTU TRIEINNTAT KES
FORT HEA POLL7OT O 14M ISSISO N. . . . . . . . 3.5 . . .
XI MEASRUEMENOTF C REWMANBO NED ENSIBTEYF OREA ND
AFTETRH EA POLLO7 ,8 ,A ND 14M ISOSNIS .. . . 36
XII APOLOL 14C OMMADNER'MSE NUSF ORD AYS1 TO5 . . . . 42
XIIIA POLLO1 4L UNARM ODULEP ILOTM'ESN US FOR 1DT AOY 5S. 42
XIV APOLLO1 4C OMMANDM ODULEP ILOTM'ESN USFO R
DAYS1 T O 5 . . . . . . . . . 43
• • .
XV APOLLO1 4L UNARM ODULEM ENU. .. .. . .. . . 44
XVI PANTRYS TWOAGEIN THE APOLLO1 4C OMMANDM ODULE
FORD AYS6 T O 10. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . 4.5
XVII APOLLO1 4M OBILQEU ARANTINEF ACILIFTOOYD . . 47
. • .
v
FIUGRES
Figure Page
1 Organaitziosnupaplo frotr Atphoelf looos dy staenmdp esronal
hygiientee m.s . .. . . . .. .. .. .. . 4
2 Eight ccrointtiprcooaillnf tosAr p olflooo ds 10
3 Exampolfet syc paibli et-iszfeo ods 13
4 Exampelso ft ypirceahly tdarbafloeo ds 14
5 Typciapla ckafgoberi -tieszfeo ods 14
6 Baseilnree hytdareba-bleverpaagcek a(ogtpec) o mpawrietdah
currtbe enverpaagcek a.g e. . . .. .. . . ... . .. .1 4. .
. . . .
7 OrigiAnpaollr leoh ydrlaeto-aofbd pac(ktaocgpoe)pm arewidt h
modiefddi esifgonsrse imsolfiood(d escn tearn)d
bevera(gbeost t.o m). .. ... .. . . . . . . 18. . . . . .
. .
8 Contingceyn-efdeign-ysstenmy lroens traipnoeurcw hi taht tached
potnubaen fd il(lae3td.5 p sia) bepvaecrkaa.gg ee . . . . 20
9 Contnigecny-fien-egydsstepmo ntuwbietr he hytdiroan-valve
adpate.r . . . . . .. . . . . 20
10 Pontubwei tmho utehcpaied apte.r. .. . . . . . 21
11 Contincgyef-needinsgy-streemrs atinaesrs belmy
(aT)o p view 22
(bS)i dvei ew 22
12 Evotliuoonft he cont-ifndegiegen-nyscsytem vaadlavpetp-oenrt ube
(eraliecsotn caetpt to, pi nterimaetcdeon ceapttc enetra,n d
curerndte siagtbon t tom.) . . . . . .. . .. .. .. 22. . . . .
.
13 Apolloc on8t in-gfeeniecndysgys tems,h owanse smblaenddp ackeadg
inn ofnlammaKbell-eF 2-m 8ater(itpao).l Thev alvaed-aeprt
pontuibesi nt hcee ntaenrdt, h ree sitnreapro ucihsa tt he
botto.m . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... ... ... ..2. 3 . . . .
14 Finaln tcniogen-cfeyedings-ystreesmt raipnoeurcs hh,o wwni th
rehydraet-baebvlerpaagcek aignes tablelfeocdrl eo soufrt eh e
zippse.Ar vavlea-dpateprot nueb iasl ssoh own 23
15 ApollCoM f odo-oswtagaer ea.s . . .. .. . . .. . . ... . . 24
.
vi
Figure Page
16 ApollLoM food-stowaargeea a ndw ater-dpiesnselro catiosnh,o wn
inan aft viewo ft heL M • . • . . . . • . . . . . .. . . .. . 24
17 Fit-chetcoko iln stalolneand LHEB fodo-stowacgoen tain.e r 24
18 Lowere quipmenbta yf ood-stowcaognet ai.n.e.r. .... . 25
19 Rehydratable-sfpoooodn -bopwalc kagwieth waterd ispensienrs erted
int her ehydratviaolnv .e • . . . .. . . . . 27
20 Rehydratable-sfpoooodn -bopwalc kaeg 27
21 One-piepclea stic-fciolnmea pertu.r e 59
• .
22 Sponge-lin(ecdl osed-cseploln gep)l atsic-ficlomn e aperture 59
23 Double-plastic-cfoinleam p erture 60
24 Sponge-li(noepde n-cseploln ged)o ub-lpelastic-cfoinlem
apertur.e . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. . 60
25 One-piecpel astic-fciolnmea pertu(rree versing} 60
26 One-piepclea stic-fciolnmea pertufroer s padea dapter 60
27 Compression-spring-lpooapdpeedt -vaalpveer tu.r.e 61
28 Conical-spring-ploopapdeetd- vaalpveer tur.e. 61
29 Leaf-spring-lpooapdpeedt -vaalpveer tur.e. . 61
30 Spogne-load(ecdl osed-cseploln gep)o ppet-vaalpveer ture 61
31 Conical-spring-lpolaudge-dv alavpee rture 62
32 Leaf-psring-loapdleudg -valavpee rture 62
33 Elastmoer-loadpeldu g-valavpee rture 62
• .
34 Elastorm-eloadpeldu g-valavpee rturwei thf lexibplreo be
connectio.n . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 62
35 Rectangulsapro ng(ec losed-cseploln gea)pe rturaxei,a li nsertion. 63
36
Rectangaurls pong(ec losed-cseploln geap)e rturpee,r pendicular
inserti.o n. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 63
vii
Figure Page
37 Cylindrsipcoanl(g cel oseds-pcoenlaglpe e)r t.u re 63
38 Spnogea pertfuornree edaldea pter 63
39 Silastiacp-ebreta.ud.r e 64
40 Rigid-diapahpreargtmu re
(aA)p ertculroes ed 64
(b)A pertoupree.n . 64
41 Slirtu-bbaepre rture
(aA)p ertculroes ed 64
(bA)p ertoupree.n 64
42 Elastic-diaappehrrtaugrme
(aA)p ertculroes ed 65
(bA)p ertoupree.n . ... 65
43 Pierced-diaappehrrtaugrme
(aA)p ertsutrreu cture 65
(bP)r obien se.rt.e.d 65
44 Flappvearl-avpee rture 66
45 Combinactlioosn.u r.e 66
viii
APOLLEOXP EREINCREE PROT
FOOD SYSTEMS
ByM alcolCm.S mithJ,r .R,i tMa. R app,
ClaytSo.Hn u ber,P*a uCl. R ambauatn,d
NormaDn. H eidelbaugh
LydnonB .J ohnsSopna cCee nter
SUMMARY
One acshuc ceisvsfel iignht th Uen itSettdae msa nnesdpc aef-lipgrhotrg amf,o od
systiempmr ovetmshe anvbee einn turcoeddtu;hs a,l ogisceauqle ncoefp rogsriseve
develophmaeosnc tc urfrreodtm h eea rliceosntc etpott hsae d vaendfc oosdy stuesme d
fotrh Aep ol1l4mo i ssiAosna .r eusl,t waid ev arioeft yf ooddsi sapnednts eicnhg­
nqiusew as addtehdie n tvoe notfoe rfcyfi ieanntda cecptambelaen fso drie tasruyp oprt
ofm ani ns paeci nt hAep olPlroo gr.a Fmoosdy stewmesrd ee sigannedd devetloo ped
provtihdAeep olflloi cghrwtem embewristt hh neu rtitense,n er,ga ynde ltercolyttheast
arnee cersysf aomra inteeno afnn ocrmmaelt absoml.Ti hesfeo owdesr aed equattoe
maintwaoirnek f cfiienacnydp erformuanndceuernqu i ee nvirmoenntaanldm entsatlr ess
conidtiontsha atr ceh aracteorfi stpthrioecg rtaosm uc csesfullalnymd e no nt hleu nar
surfeaa cndr eturtnh esma fetloEy a rth.
Experiewnicttehh Aep ollo Pdreomgornasmt rthaattse ucdc essfudle velotp,m en
fabriiocnat,te stianngds, p aeccrfati ntegroafft oioosdny stermeusqi ruendi qtueec hni­
camla namgeenetff orttocs o oirndaatnede stabplriisohr bietitewse aennwd i tnhb ioilog­
icaaln den gineceornisnigtd ineosr.aT hissi tuaitsci uaosne bdy sevfearocartlis n herent
tof ooidnsg enearnafdlo ofdosmr a nnesdp afclei tg:(h )1m osfto oadrsde e abdi ological
matertihaalhtsa vleo sttho er iingacla paibtiitleoas d atpote nvrionmteanclh nages;
(2) hfaoibotadsn dp rejiucdeasr hei ghilnyd iuvaliidzaenddd eepilnyg raiinnt ehtdea stes
of tihntee ncdoends um(etrhases trotnsaa)nu dt hien terensotnoecnds ume(rtshp er o­
grams,y st,ea mnds usbystmeamn aegrs()3;f) o oadrsi en adequadteiefnleyid nb oilogi­
catlre msa,n dth sis ituoaniti sc ompoundbeyd tnheeeo dfa erospsaycsetm eamn agement
to haabsvoel udteef ionnist fioofo idnse ngirnientegre msa;n d( 4c)r itearnidc ao ngfuira­
tiounssu aalrlery euqireldo nbge fosrpee cikfniocw leodftg hefe i ncaoln sumearvi ali­s
able.Ge ner,af lolosydy stemmsa nfnoesrdp afclei cgohtn soifas g tr ouopfp oorly
deficnoepmdo nen(tfso odsc)a bnte hi naftii tynev lariaabnlde tahradete sigtnose adst fiy
thaeb solpuhtyes iccrailt efrotrih ase p aeccrafThte.f actth actr itefrori aa tdheequ ate
suppoorftt hpeh syiololag nipdc syacohlogipcraoelcs soefsm ana rpeo ordleyf irnee­d
sulitnas n atutreanld etnopc lya acl eo weprri orointt hyde e veleonpetmff ornte edteod
meetth neut ritiroenquailmr eentosft hien diuvaicld rwememebr.L argien dividual
*TehcnologIyn.,c