Any Time, Anywhere Computing: Mobile Computing Concepts and Technology

175 Pages·2002·11.89 MB·English

by  Abdelsalam Helal

ANY TIME, ANYWHERE
COMPUTING
Mobile Computing Concepts and
Technology
The Kluwer International Series
In Engineering and Computer Science
ANYTIME, ANYWHERE
COMPUTING
Mobile Computing Concepts and
Technology
Abdelsalam Helal
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida, USA
Bert Haskell
MCC
Austin, Texas, USA
Jeffery L. Carter
Motorola
Austin, Texas, USA
Richard Brice
Darrell Woelk
Marek Rusinkiewicz
MCC
Austin, Texas, USA
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBookISBN: 0-306-47301-1
Print ISBN: 0-792-38610-8
©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
All rights reserved
No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher
Created in the United States of America
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD xi
PREFACE xiii
1 INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE
COMPUTING 1
1.1 Impressive Technology 2
1.2 Wireless and Mobile Computing Architecture 4
1.3 Limitations of the Wireless and Mobile Environment 10
2 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORKS 13
2.1 Digital Cellular Systems 15
2.1.1 Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 15
2.1.2 Code-Division Multiple Access(CDMA) 16
2.2 The Wireless Network Technology 18
2.2.1 In-room Infrared 18
2.2.2 In-room Radio Frequency 19
2.2.3 In-building Radio Frequency 19
2.2.4 Campus/Metropolitan Area Packet Networks 20
2.2.5 Wide-Area Packet/Circuit Switched Data Networks 20
2.2.6 Satellite Networks 21
2.3 Mobility-Bandwidth Tradeoffs 21
2.4 Systems Issues 22
2.4.1 Multimedia Applications 25
3 PORTABLE INFORMATION APPLIANCES 27
vi ANY TIME, ANYWHERE COMPUTING
3.1 Historical Evolution 27
3.2 The Advent of the PDA 32
3.3 Palmtop Computers 35
3.3.1 The Palm Pilot 36
3.4 Hand-held Computers 37
3.4.1 Sharp Power Zaurus 37
3.4.2 VADEM Clio 39
3.5 Communicators 39
3.5.1 Nokia 9000 40
3.5.2 Motorola Marco 41
3.6 Sub-notebooks (Micro-notebooks) 42
3.7 Notebooks 44
3.8 Laptops 44
3.9 Other Information Appliances 46
3.9.1 HP CapShare 46
3.9.2 Clarion AutoPC 47
4 FUTURE INFORMATION APPLIANCES 49
4.1 New Challenges 49
4.2 Emerging Portable Information Appliances and Teleservices 51
4.2.1 Wearable Computing (MIT) 52
4.2.2 Wearable Computer Systems (CMU) 52
4.2.3 IBM Wearable PC 53
4.2.4 BodyLAN: A Wearable RF Communications System 53
4.2.5 Toshiba Desk Area Network (DAN) 55
4.2.6 BlueTooth 55
4.2.7 Seiko Wristwatch PC 55
4.2.8 NTT PHS Wristwatch Phone 56
4.2.9 NTT Ring Keyboard 57
4.2.10Display Pad: The Next Generation TV 58
4.2.11 The Ear Phone 59
4.2.12Power Ring and the Magic Wand 60
4.3 Concluding Remarks 61
5 FUTURE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
NETWORKS 63
Contents vii
5.1 Future Wireless Teleservices 64
5.1.1 Wireline Network Services 64
5.1.2 Wireless Service Evolution 65
5.1.3 Market Evolution 66
5.2 Emerging Wireless Network Standards 67
5.2.1 IMT-2000 67
5.2.2 UMTS 69
5.2.3 ACTS 71
5.3 Third Generation Wireless Networks 72
5.3.1 Time Division/Code Division Multiple Access 74
5.3.2 Wideband Code Division Multiple Access 77
5.3.3 Space Division Multiple Access 83
5.4 Fourth Generation Wireless Research 86
5.5 Concluding Remarks 87
6 STATE OF INDUSTRY: MOBILITY
SUPPORT SOFTWARE 89
6.1 Competing Philosophies 89
6.2 End-User Client Applications 91
6.2.1 Oracle Mobile Agents 91
6.2.2 Oracle Lite 91
6.2.3 Oracle Software Manager 92
6.2.4 Oracle Replication Manager 92
6.2.5 Sybase SQL Remote 92
6.3 Mobility Middleware 93
6.3.1 MobileWare Office Server 93
6.3.2 Shiva PPP 94
6.4 Interoperability and Standardization 95
6.5 Shortcomings and Limitations 97
7 RESEARCH IN WIRELESS AND MOBILE
COMPUTING 99
7.1 Mobile Networking 100
7.1.1 Early Approaches: Virtual IP Protocols 100
7.1.2 Loose Source Routing Protocol 101
7.1.3 The Mobile Internet Protocol (Mobile-IP) 102
viii ANY TIME, ANYWHERE COMPUTING
7.1.4 Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) 106
7.1.5 The GSM General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) 107
7.1.6 Security and Authentication Issues in Mobile Net-
works 108
7.2 Quality of Service in Mobile Networks 109
7.2.1 Optimizing TCP/IP for Mobile Networks 110
7.2.2 QoS Driven, High-Level Communication Protocols 112
7.2.3 QoS Driven, Full Protocol Stacks 114
7.3 Mobile Access to the World Wide Web 119
7.3.1 The Wireless WWW (W4) 119
7.3.2 Dynamic Documents 119
7.3.3 Dynamic URLs 120
7.3.4 Mobile Browser (MOWSER) 120
7.3.5 WebExpress 121
7.4 Mobile Data Management 123
7.4.1 Mobile Client/Server Data Access 123
7.4.2 Mobile Data Access in Ad-hoc Networks 125
7.5 Mobile Transactions 126
7.5.1 Reporting and Co-Transactions 126
7.5.2 The Kangaroo Transaction Model 127
7.5.3 The Clustering Model 128
7.5.4 Isolation-Only Transactions 129
7.5.5 The Two-tier Transaction Model 129
7.5.6 Semantic-based Nomadic Transaction Processing 130
7.6 Mobile Computing Models 131
7.6.1 The Client/Server Model 131
7.6.2 The Client/Proxy/Server Model 132
7.6.3 The Disconnected Operation Model 133
7.6.4 The Mobile Agent Model 133
7.6.5 The Thin Client Model 134
APPENDIX-A: GLOSSARY OF COMMON
ABBREVIATIONS 137
APPENDIX-B: WIRELESS CELLULAR
SYSTEMS 145
Contents ix
APPENDIX-C: STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS 151
REFERENCES 157
INDEX 165
FOREWORD
Mobile communications have permeated the globe in both business and social
cultures. In only a few short years, Japan alone has had more than ten million
subscribers enter the mobile market. Such explosive popularity is an indication
of a strong commercial demand for communications in both the tethered and
tetherless environments.
Accompanying the vibrant growth in mobile communications is the growth
in multimedia communications, including the Internet. Mobile and multime-
dia communications technologies are merging, making mobile computing a key
phrase in the coming advanced information communication era. The growth in
these dynamic industries shows that a change in our chosen method of commu-
nications is already well advanced. Reading e-mail and connecting to various
information feeds have already become a part of daily business activities.
We are trying to grasp the overall picture of mobile computing. Its shape and
form are just starting to appear as personal digital assistants (PDA), handheld
personal computers (HPC), wireless data communication services, and com-
mercial software designed for mobile environments. We are at the cusp of vast
popularization of “computers-on-the-go.”
“Any time Anywhere Computing” provides the reader with an understand-
able explanation of the current developments and commercialization of mobile
computing. The core technologies and applications needed to understand the
industry are comprehensively addressed. The book emphasizes three infrastruc-
tures: (1) wireless communication network infrastructure, (2) terminal devices
(or ”computers-on-the-go”), and (3) software middleware and architectures that
support wireless and mobile computing.