Anxiety Disorders

554 Pages·2003·2.42 MB·English

by  David J. Nutt

Anxiety Disorders
Edited by
D.J. Nutt
DM FRCP FRCPsych F.Med.Sci
Psychopharmacology Unit
School of Medical Sciences
University of Bristol
Bristol, UK
J.C. Ballenger
MD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston SC, USA
Blackwell
Science
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Edited by
D.J. Nutt
DM FRCP FRCPsych F.Med.Sci
Psychopharmacology Unit
School of Medical Sciences
University of Bristol
Bristol, UK
J.C. Ballenger
MD
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston SC, USA
Blackwell
Science
© 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd
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First published 2002
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Anxiety disorders / edited by D.J. Nutt, J.C. Ballenger.
p. ; cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0–632–05938–9
1. Anxiety.
[DNLM: 1. Anxiety Disorders. 2. Anxiety Disorders—drug therapy. WM
172 A63719 2002] I. Nutt, David J., 1951– II. Ballenger, James C.
RC531 .A6118 2002
616.85′223061—dc21
2002009821
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library
Set in 9/111/2pt Sabon Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong
Printed and bound in Great Britain, at the Bath Press, Bath, UK
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Contents
Contributors, vii
Preface, xi
Part 1: Introduction
1 Conceptual Antecedents of the Anxiety Disorders, 3
R.D. Marshall & D.F. Klein
Part 2: Symptoms and Syndromes
2 Relationships Among Anxiety Disorders: Patterns and Implications, 25
H.-U. Wittchen, Y. Lecrubier, K. Beesdo & A. Nocon
3 Panic Disorder: Symptoms and Syndromes, 39
S. S. Sinha & J. Gorman
4 Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 51
J. Monnier & O. Brawman-Mintzer
5 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, 65
S.A.M. Rauch & E.B. Foa
6 Obsessive-compulsive Disorder, 83
J. Zohar, Y. Sasson, M. Chopra, R. Amiaz & N. Nakash
7 Social Anxiety Disorder, 95
P.L. du Toit & D.J. Stein
8 Sleep Aspects of Anxiety Disorders, 125
T.A. Mellman
9 Childhood Antecedents of Adult Anxiety Disorders, 135
S.J. Fredman, D.R. Hirshfeld-Becker, J.W. Smoller & J.F. Rosenbaum
10 Anxiety and Schizophrenia, 163
R.A. Emsley & D.J. Stein
Part 3: Mechanisms
11 Neurochemical Aspects of Anxiety, 183
S.V. Argyropoulos & D.J. Nutt
12 Brain Imaging and Anxiety Disorders, 201
A.L. Malizia
13 Genetic Dissection of Anxiety and Related Disorders, 229
K.P. Lesch
14 Respiration and Anxiety, 251
E. Griez & G. Perna
15 Pharmacological Challenge Agents in Anxiety, 269
J. Swain, D. Koszycki, J. Shlik & J. Bradwejn
v
CONTENTS
16 Panic Disorder and Medical Illness, 297
T.S. Zaubler & W. Katon
Part 4: Treatments
17 Benzodiazepines, 315
C. Faravelli, S. Rosi & E. Truglia
18 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in the Treatment of the Anxiety
Disorders, 339
J.C. Ballenger
19 Treatment of Anxiety Disorders with Tricyclic Antidepressants, 363
R. Rosenberg
20 Buspirone in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, 381
K. Rickels, S. Khalid-Khan & M. Rynn
21 Antihistamines in the Treatment of Psychic and Somatic Anxiety States, 399
M.M.M.P. Van Moffaert
22 Anxiety Disorders: New Antidepressants, 411
R.B. Hidalgo & J.R.T. Davidson
23 Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, 425
S.A. Falsetti, A. Combs-Lane & J.L. Davis
24 Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, 445
S.P. Cahill & E.B. Foa
25 Anxiety Disorders: Alternative Drug Treatments, 463
N. Laufer, S. Gur, R. Gross-Isseroff & A. Weizman
26 Physical Treatments, 481
T.E. Schlaepfer & B.D. Greenberg
27 Herbal Therapy and Anxiety, 491
M. Bourin
Part 5: Conclusion
28 Anxiety Disorders: Current Needs and Future Prospects, 501
D. Nutt & J. Ballenger
Index, 511
vi
Contributors
R. Amiaz M. Chopra
Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry
Sheba Medical Center Sheba Medical Center
Israel Israel
S.V. Argyropoulos A. Combs-Lane
Psychopharmacology Unit Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry
School of Medical science West Virginia School of Medicine
University Walk West Virginia, USA
University of Bristol
Bristol, UK J.R.T. Davidson
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
J.C. Ballenger Duke University Medical Center
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Durham NC , USA
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston SC, USA J.L. Davis
Department of Psychology
K. Beesdo University of Tulsa,
Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Tulsa OK, USA
Technical University of Dresden
München, Germany R.A. Emsley
Department of Psychiatry
M. Bourin University of Stellenbosch
EA 3256 Neurobiologie de l’anxiété et de la Cape Town, South Africa
dépression
Faculté de Médecine, BP 5350, 44035 Nantes S.A. Falsetti
Cedex 1, France National Crime Victims Research and Treatment
Center
J. Bradwejn Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
Department of Psychiatry Medical University of South Carolina
University of Ottawa Charleston SC, USA
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
C. Faravelli
O. Brawman-Mintzer Department of Neurology and Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Florence
Medical University of South Carolina Florence, Italy
Charleston SC, USA
E.B. Foa
S.P. Cahill Department of Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety
University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia PA, USA Philadelphia PA, USA
vii
CONTRIBUTORS
S.J. Fredman S. Khalid-Khan
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section
Chapel Hill NC, USA Department of Psychiatry
University of Pennsylvania
J. Gorman
Philadelphia PA, USA
Department of Psychiatry
University of Columbia D.F. Klein
New York NY, USA Columbia University College of Physicians and
Surgeons
B.D. Greenberg
New York NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
Brown University D. Koszycki
Providence RI, USA Department of Psychiatry
University of Ottawa
E. Griez
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
University of Maastricht
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology N. Laufer
6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands Outpatient Department and Department of Research
Geha Psychiatric Hospital
R. Gross-Isseroff
Petah Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine
Outpatient Department and Department of Research
Tel Aviv University
Geha Psychiatric Hospital
Tel Aviv, Israel
Petah Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine
Tel Aviv University Y. Lecrubier
Tel Aviv, Israel Hôpital de la Salpétrière, INSERM Unité 302
Paris, France
S. Gur
Outpatient Department K.P. Lesch
Geha Psychiatric Hospital Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Petah Tiqva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine University of Würzburg
Tel Aviv University Füchsleinstr. 15
Tel Aviv, Israel 97080 Würzburg, Germany
R.B. Hidalgo A.L. Malizia
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Psychopharmacology Unit
Duke University University of Bristol
Durham NC, USA University Walk
Bristol, UK
D.R. Hirshfeld-Becker
Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit R.D. Marshall
Massachusetts General Hospital Trauma Studies, Anxiety Disorders Clinic
Department of Psychiatry Columbia University College of Physicians and
Harvard Medical School Surgeons
Boston MA, USA New York NY, USA
W. Katon T.A. Mellman
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Dartmouth Medical School
University of Washington School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
Seattle WA, USA Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
viii
CONTRIBUTORS
J. Monnier Psychiatric University Hospital in Aarhus
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences DK-8240 Risskov
Medical University of South Carolina Denmark
Charleston SC, USA
S. Rosi
N. Nakash Department of Neurology and Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry University of Florence
Sheba Medical Center Florence, Italy
Israel
M. Rynn
A. Nocon Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section
Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Department of Psychiatry
Technical University of Dresden and Max Planck University of Pennsylvania
Institute of Psychiatry Philadelphia PA, USA
München, Germany
Y. Sasson
D.J. Nutt Department of Psychiatry
Psychopharmacology Unit Sheba Medical Center
University of Bristol Israel
Bristol, UK
T.E. Schlaepfer
G. Perna Psychiatric Neuroimaging Group
Anxiety Disorders Clinical and Research Unit University Hospital Bern
Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital Switzerland
Milan, Italy and
Division of Psychiatric Neuroimaging
S.A.M. Rauch Department of Psychiatry
Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Department of Psychiatry Baltimore MD, USA
University of Pennsylvania,
J. Shlik
Philadelphia PA, USA
Department of Psychiatry
K. Rickels University of Tartu
Mood and Anxiety Disorders Section Tartu, Estonia
Department of Psychiatry
S.S. Sinha
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia PA, USA Department of Psychiatry
Columbia University
J.F. Rosenbaum New York NY, USA
Chief of Psychiatry
J.W. Smoller
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Genetics Program in Mood and Anxiety
Harvard Medical School Disorders
Boston MA, USA Outpatient Psychiatry Division
Massachusetts General Hospital
R. Rosenberg Department of Psychiatry
Department of Biological Psychiatry Harvard Medical School
Institute for Basic Psychiatric Research Boston MA, USA
ix