Table Of ContentAntiproton-Nucleon and
Antiproton-Nucleus
Interactions
ETTORE MAJORANA
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NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS
Edited by F. Bradamante, J.-M. Richard, and R. Klapisch
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Antiproton-Nucleon and
Antiproton-Nucleus
Interactions
Edited by
F. Bradamante
University of Trieste
Trieste, Italy
J.-M. Richard
University of Grenoble
Grenoble, France
and
R. Klapisch
CERN
Geneva, Switzerland
Plenum Press • New York and London
LIbrary of Congress CatalogIng-In-PublIcatIon Data
InternatIonal School of Physlcs wlth Law Energy Antlprotons on
Antlproton-Nucleon and Antlproton-Nucleus Interactlons (3rd : 1988 :
Erlce, Slclly)
Antlproton-nucleon and antlproton-nucleus lnteractlons / edlted by
F. Bradamante, ~.-M. Rlchard, and R. Klaplsch.
p. cm. -- (Ettore Majorana lnternatlonal sclence serles.
Physlcal sclences ; 47)
"Proceedlngs of the thlrd course of the Internatlonal School of
Physlcs wlth Low Energy Antlprotons on Antlproton-Nucleon and
Antlproton-Nucleus Interactlons, held ~une 10-18, 1988, ln Erlce,
Slclly, Italy"--T.p. verso.
Includes blbllographlcal references.
ISBN-I3 978-1-4612-7883-2 e-ISBN-I3 978-1-4613-0595-8
DOl 10.1007/978-1-4613-0595-8
1. Antlprotons--Congresses. 2. Nucleon-antlnucleon lnteractlons
-Congresses. 3. Nucleon-nucleon scatterlng--Congresses. 4. Proton
-antlproton annlhllatlon--Congresses. 5. Quantum chromodynamlcs-
-Congresses. I. Bradamante, F. II. Rlchard, ~.-M. (~ean-Marc),
1947- III. Klaplsch, Robert. IV. Tltle. V. Serles.
QC793.5.P72157 1988
539.7'212--dc20 90-6767
CIP
Proceedings of the Third Course of the International School of
Physics with Low Energy Antiprotons on Antiproton-Nucleon and
Antiproton-Nucleus Interactions, held June 10-18, 1988,
in Erice, Sicily, Italy
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
Sofkover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
All rights reserved
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PREFACE
The third course of the International School on Physics with Low
Energy Antiprotons was held in Erice, Sicily at the Ettore Majorana Centre
for Scientific Culture, from 10 to 18 June, 1988.
The School is dedicated to physics accessible to experiments using
low energy antiprotons, especially in view of operation of the LEAR
facility at CERN with the upgraded antiproton source AAC (Antiproton
Accumulator AA and Antiproton Collector ACOL). The first course in 1986
covered topics related to fundamental symmetries; the second course in
1987 focused on spectroscopy of light and heavy quarks. This book con
tains the Proceedings of the third course, devoted to the experimental and
theoretical aspects of the interaction of antinucleons with nucleons and
nuclei.
The Proceedings contain both the tutorial lectures and contributions
presented by participants during the School. The papers are organized in
several sections.
The first section deals with the theoretical aspects of NN scattering
and annihilation, and the underlying QCD.
NN
The experimental techniques and results concerning scattering are
contained in Section II.
Section III contains theoretical reviews and contributions on anti
proton-nucleus scattering and bound states.
Section IV is devoted to the experimental results on the antiproton
nucleus systems and their phenomenological analysis.
Finally, some possible developments of the antiproton machines are
presented.
We should like to express our gratitude to Dr. Alberto Gabriele and
the staff of the Ettore Majorana Centre who provided for a smooth running
of the School and a very pleasant stay. We are particularly grateful to
Mrs Anne Marie Bugge for her efficient help during the preparation and
running of the School and for the editing of these Proceedings.
F. Bradamante, J.M. Richard, R. Klapisch
v
CONTENTS
I QCD AND THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF NN INTERACTION
Lattice QCD: why and how. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
A. Morel
Antiproton annihilation in quantum chromodynamics • • • • • • • 27
S.J. Brodsky
Baryon-antibaryon nuclear interactions • • • • • • • • • • • • • 81
I.S. Shapiro
NN
A review of annihilation mechanisms • • • • • • • • • • • • • 109
A.M. Green
Exclusive production of heavy flavours in
proton-antiproton collisions • • • • • • • • • • • 129
P. Kroll and W. Schweiger
presented by W. Schweiger
pp annihilation into vector mesons and into
'lI'l1'l1, KK'lI, 'lI'l1 and KK in the 3PO model • 135
S. Furui
Protonium annihilation into two mesons • • • • • • • • • • • • • 141
L. Mandrup
Polarization in the pp-elastic scattering near threshold • • • • 147
0.0. Dalkarov and K.V. Protasov
presented by K.V. Protasov
Nucleon electromagnetic form-factor in the time-like
region near NN threshold • • • • • • • 153
0.0. Dalkarov and K.V. Protasov
presented by K.V. Protasov
II EXPERIMENTAL ASPECTS OF NN SCATTERING
Measurement of spin parameters • • • • • • • 159
A.D. Krisch
Antiproton-proton cross sections at small momenta 167
W. BrUckner et al.
presented by T.-A. Shibata
vii
Compari~on of da/dQ and Aon results in
pp scattering with model predictions • • • • • • • • • • • 175
R.A. Kunne et al.
presented by R.A. Kunne
Measurement of spin dependent observables in
the p-p elastic scattering from 450 to 700 MeV/c • • • • • 181
R. Bertini et al.
presented by F. Perrot
Study of the spin structure of the
pp 4-nn channel at LEAR 187
M.P. Macciotta et al.
presented by D. Rapin
Total and differential cross sections
for the reaction pp 4- AA . . . . 193
PS185 Collaboration
presented by D.W. Hertzog
Spin observables in the reaction pp 4- AK • • • • • • • • • • • • 199
PS185 Collaboration
presented by N.H. Hamann
III ANTINUCLEON-NUCLEUS: THEORY
Antiproton-nucleus interaction elastic
scattering and atomic bound states • • • • • • • • • • • • 205
A.S. Jensen
Deep antiproton annihilations on nuclei • • • • • • • • • • • • 231
J. Rafelski
Antiprotonic atoms with a deformed nucleus • • • • • • • • • • • 241
G.Q. Liu
Antiproton-nucleus scattering • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 245
V.A. Karmanov
IV ANTINUCLEON-NUCLEUS:
PHENOMENOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Antiprotonic atoms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 251
C.J. Batty
Analysis of p-nucleus elastic scattering and
reaction cross sections with a Glauber model • • • • • • • 279
A. Zenoni
Antiproton-helium annihilation around 1 MeV • • • • • • • • • • 285
E. Lodi Rizzini
Isospin effects in antiproton-nucleus annihilation • • • • • • • 293
G. Bendiscioli
Low energy antiproton interaction with Ne nuclei • • • • • • • • 301
PS179 Collaboration
presented by M.P. Bussa
viii
Measurement of analysing power of
pC elastic scattering at LEAR 307
R. Birsa et al.
presented by A. Martin
V MACHINE DEVELOPMENTS
LEAR in the nineties 313
P. Lefevre
participants 325
Index 331
ix
LATIICE QCD WHY AND HOW
Andre Morel
Service de Physique Theorique - CEN Saclay
91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex
1. INTRODUCTION
These lectures aim at giving a general survey of what means "Lattice
Quantum Chromodynamics". Not only all technicalities will be
systematically avoided, but also many interesting aspects, both
conceptual (connections with the theory of phase transitions in
statistical mechanics, for example) and practical (numerical analysis,
computer science, quantitative results), will be at best outlined. A
more substantial account of these subjects can be found in lectures given
by E. Brezin, E. Marinari and myself at the Ecole de Gif-sur-Yvette 1986,
with the additionnal advantage that two thirds of the notes are written
in French.
We shall concentrate on two questions about lattice QCD : why and
how? The answer to the first question will essentially consist in
explaining that the non-abelian character of the colour SU(3) gauge group
implies that the low energy features of strong interactions (hadron
spectrum, chiral symmetry breaking) cannot be accounted for by
perturbative quantum field theory. This part of the lectures will end up
with the Wilson's proposal that discretizing space-time (lattice)
realizes a non perturbative regularization of the theory. The second part
will describe how lattice QCD hopefully is, or seems to be, an adequate
manner to predict quantitatively the long distance properties of
hadrons: the building of the partition function associated with the QCD
Lagrangian, the appropriate way of approaching the continuum limits and
the steps to be performed in order to extract the quantities of physical
interest will be outlined. A qualitative account of the present situation
will close these notes.
Antiproton-Nucleon and Antiproton-Nucleus Interactions
Edited by F. Bradamante et 0/.
Plenum Press, New York, 1990
2. LATTICE QCD : WHY
2.1 - Quantum Chromodynamics a gauge theory based on the SU(3)
group
It is convenient to distinguish, among the QCD fields, matter fields
(the quarks) and gauge fields (the gluons). They play the role
respectively of the electrons and of the photon of Quantum
Electrodynamics (QED). Like in QED, matter and gauge fields interact via
a current-gauge field local coupling described by the following
interaction Lagrangian
(1)
Here g denotes the strong interaction coupling constant (in QED
g = 2 x e, e = electron charge). The notation A.G~ stands for
(2)
with Aa representing 8 independent, hermitean, traceless 3 x 3 matrices,
a basis for the SU(3) algebra. To each of these matrices is associated
one gluon field ~, where # = 0, 1, 2, 3 is the Lorentz index (the gluons
are massless vector fields). The y~ matrices act in Dirac space, the Aa
matrices in colour space, so that the quark fields q(x), and their Dirac
conjugate q(x). carry Dirac indices ~ = 1, 2, 3, 4 and colour indices
i = 1, 2, 3, in addition to the relevant flavour indices which will be
understood.
Note that the 8 A matrices play the role of the (unique) charge
operator Q of QED. UnLike QED (U(l) group), QCD corresponds to a
non-abeLian group, characterized by non trivial commutation relations
among the generators :
(3)
The constants fabc are the SU(3) structure constants.
This non-abelian character of the QCD group has drastic
consequences, on which we want to elaborate further.
2.2 - The QCD group is non-abelian : so what ?
While Eq.(l) describes the interaction term of the gluons with the
matter currents, the full QCD Lagrangian also contains, in addition to
the free quark Dirac Lagrangian ~, what is called the "pure gauge" term
~. This term generalizes the F~v ~v contribution of the photon A~ in
2
