Antioxidants in Health and Disease

274 Pages·2017·4.31 MB·English

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Volume 2
Antioxidants
in Health and I
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Disease
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Edited by
Maurizio Battino and Francesca Giampieri
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients
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Antioxidants in Health and Disease
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Volume 2
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Special Issue Editors
Maurizio Battino
Francesca Giampieri
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MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
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Special Issue Editors 
Maurizio Battino Francesca Giampieri  k
Università Politecnica delle Marche  Università Politecnica delle Marche 
Italy  Italy 
Editorial Office  o
MDPI  
St. Alban‐Anlage 66 
Basel, Switzerland 
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This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal 
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Nutrients (ISSN 2072‐6643) from 2016–2018 (available at: 
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special_issues/antioxidants_health_disease). 
For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article 
page online and as indicated below: 
Lastname, F.M.; Lastname, F.M. Article title. Journal Name Year, Article number, 
page range. 
First Edition 2018 
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Volume 2            Volume 1–2 
ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐939‐5 (Pbk)       ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐941‐8 (Pbk) 
ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐940‐1 (PDF)    ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐942‐5 (PDF) 
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Articles  in  this  volume  are  Open  Access  and  distributed  under  the  Creative  Commons  Attribution 
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©  2018  MDPI,  Basel,  Switzerland,  distributed  under  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  
Creative Commons license CC BY‐NC‐ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc‐nd/4.0/).
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Table of Contents
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AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Prefaceto”AntioxidantsinHealthandDisease” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
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AnnaGawron-Skarbek,AgnieszkaGuligowska,AnnaPrymont-Przymin´ska,
Małgorzata Godala, Agnieszka Kolmaga, Dariusz Nowak, Franciszek Szatko and
TomaszKostka
DietaryVitaminC,Eandβ-CaroteneIntakeDoesNotSignificantlyAffectPlasmaorSalivary
AntioxidantIndicesandSalivaryC-ReactiveProteininOlderSubjects
doi:10.3390/nu9070729 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .o. . . . . . 1
In˜akiMilton-Laskibar,LeixuriAguirre,AlfredoFerna´ndez-Quintela,AnabelaP.Rolo,
Joa˜oSoeiroTeodoro,CarlosM.PalmeiraandMar´ıaP.Portillo
LackofAdditiveEffectsofResveratrolandEnergyRestrictionintheTreatmentofHepatic
SteatosisinRats
doi:10.3390/nu9070737 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. . . . . . 12
LynnCialdella-Kam, SujoyGhosh, MaryPatMeaney, AmyM.Knab, R.AndrewShanely
andDavidC.Nieman
QuercetinandGreenTeaExtractSupplementationDownregulatesGenesRelatedtoTissue
InflammatoryResponsestoa12-WeekHighFat-DietinMice
doi:10.3390/nu9070773 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Haifeng Li, Fei Ding, Lingyun Xiao, Ruona Shi, Hongyu Wang, Wenjing Han and
ZeboHuang
Food-Derived Antioxidant Polysaccharides and Their Pharmacological Potential in
NeurodegenerativeDiseases
doi:10.3390/nu9070778 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
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ChianJuJong,TakashiIto,HowardPrentice,Jang-YenWuandStephenW.Schaffer
RoleofMitochondriaandEndoplasmicReticuluminTaurine-Deficiency-MediatedApoptosis
doi:10.3390/nu9080795 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
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Achraf Ammar, Mouna Turki, Omar Hammouda, Hamdi Chtourou, Khaled Trabelsi,
MohamedBouaziz,OsamaAbdelkarim,AnitaHoekelmann,FatmaAyadi,NizarSouissi,
StephenJ.Bailey,TarakDrissandSourourYaich
EffectsofPomegranateJuiceSupplementationonOxidativeStressBiomarkersFollowing
WeightliftingExercise
doi:10.3390/nu9080819 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D. . . 87
LeeAshton,RebeccaWilliams,LisaWood,TracySchumacher,TracyBurrows,MeganRollo,
KristinePezdirc,RobinCallisterandClareCollins
Comparison of Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and Plasma Carotenoid
Concentrations:AValidationStudyinAdults
doi:10.3390/nu9080888 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
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ChristopherDacostaandYongpingBao
The Role of MicroRNAs in the Chemopreventive Activity of Sulforaphane from
CruciferousVegetables
doi:10.3390/nu9080902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
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Mar´ıaHerranz-Lo´pez,Marilo´Olivares-Vicente,Jose´AntonioEncinar,EnriqueBarrajo´n-Catala´n,
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AntonioSegura-Carretero,JorgeJovenandVicenteMicol
Multi-TargetedMolecularEffectsofHibiscussabdariffaPolyphenols:AnOpportunityfora
GlobalApproachtoObesity
doi:10.3390/nu9080907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
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JorgeG.Farı´as,V´ıctorM.Molina,RodrigoA.Carrasco,AndreaB.Zepeda,El´ıasFigueroa,
PabloLetelierandRodrigoL.Castillo
Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with
OxidativeStress
doi:10.3390/nu9090966 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
NicolaMerola,Julia´nCastillo,ObdulioBenavente-Garcı´a,GasparRosandGemaNioeto
TheEffectofConsumptionofCitrusFruitandOliveLeafExtractonLipidMetabolism
doi:10.3390/nu9101062 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
SabinaWaniek,RominadiGiuseppe,SandraPlachta-Danielzik,IlkaRatjen,
GunnarJacobs,ManjaKoch,JanBorggrefe,MarcusBoth,Hans-PeterMu¨ller,
JanKassubek,UteNo¨thlings,TubaEsatbeyoglu,SabrinaSchlesinger,GeraldRBimbach
andWolfgangLieb
Association of Vitamin E Levels with Metabolic Syndrome, and MRI-Derived Body Fat
VolumesandLiverFatContent
doi:10.3390/nu9101143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
HersonAntonioGonza´lez-Ponce,AnaRosaRinco´n-Sa´nchez,FernandoJaramillo-Jua´rezand
HanMoshage
NaturalDietaryPigments:PotentialMediatorsagainstHepaticDamageInducedbyOver-
The-CounterNon-SteroidalAnti-InflammatoryandAnalgesicDrugs
doi:10.3390/nu10020117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
AbderrahimNemmar,SuhailAl-Salam,SumayaBeegam,PriyaYuvaraju,NaserddineHamadi
andBadreldinH.Ali I
InVivoProtectiveEffectsofNootkatoneagainstParticles-InducedLungInjuryCausedby
DieselExhaustIsMediatedviatheNF-κBPathway
doi:10.3390/nu10030263 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. . . 248
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About the Special Issue Editors
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MaurizioBattino,PhD,AssociateProfessorofBiochemistryintheDepartmentofClinicalSciences,
FacultyofMedicine,UNIVPM(Italy),hasbeentheDirectoroftheCentreforHealthandNutrition,
UniversidadEuropeadelAtlantico,Santander(Spain),sinceDecember2014. HeobtainedaBScin
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Bologna(1984)andaPhDinCatania(1990)andcompletedapost-doctoraltraininginGranada(1994);
he also obtained a MSc in International Communication Technology in Medicine (2011) and
was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa degree by the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of
Bucharest(2008).Hecurrentlyreviewsscientificarticlesforover30peer-reviewedjournals,serves
as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Berry Research, the Mediterranean Journaloof Nutrition
& Metabolism, and Diseases, and as an Associate Editor for Molecules; he is also an editorial
boardmemberofFoodChemistry,PlantFoodforHumanNutrition,NutritionandAging,andthe
InternationalJournalofMolecularSciences. In2015,2016,and2017,hehasbeenrecognizedasa
ThomsonReutersHighlyCitedResearcher.
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FrancescaGiampieri,PhD,worksasaPost-DoctoralResearchFellowattheDepartmentofClinical
Science,atthePolytechnicUniversityofMarche(Ancona,Italy).ShegraduatedinBiologicalSciences
andpursuedaSpecializationinFoodScienceatthePolytechnicUniversityofMarche.Shecurrently
reviewsscientificarticlesforover20peer-reviewedjournals,servesasanAssociateEditorforthe
JournalofBerryResearch,andisaneditorialboardmemberofMolecules,Nutrients,theAnnals
of Translational Medicine, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Bioactives and
Nutraceuticals). She has extensive experience in the field of chemistry, in the assessment of the
nutritionalandphytochemicalcompositionofdifferentfoodstuffs,inthefieldofbiochemistry,in
theevaluationoftheroleofdietarybioactivecompoundsinhumanhealthand,inparticular,inthe
analysisofthebiologicalmechanismsrelatedtooxidativestress. I
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Preface to ”Antioxidants in Health and Disease”
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Oxidativestressisdefinedasanimbalancebetweentheproductionoffreeradicalsandthenecessary
antioxidantdefenses.Freeradicalsarechemicalspecieswithoneormoremismatchedelectronsthat
generallydamagemultiplecellularcomponents,whereasantioxidantsarereducingmoleculesthat
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neutralizefreeradicalsbydonatinganelectron.Oxidativestresscanleadtoawiderangeofbiological
effects:adaptation,byupregulatingthenaturaldefensesystem,whichmayprotect,completelyorin
part,againstcellulardamage;tissueinjury,bydamagingallmoleculartargets(DNA,proteins,lipids,
cellmembranes,andseveralenzymes);celldeath,byactivatingtheprocessesofnecrosisandapoptosis.
However,accumulatingevidenceimplicatesthatfreeradicals,underphysiologicalandopathological
conditions,areabletoregulateseveralsignalingpathways,affectingavarietyofcellularprocesses,such
asproliferation,metabolism,differentiation,survival,antioxidantandanti-inflammatoryresponse,
ironhomeostasis,andDNAdamageresponse.Infewwords,thegenerationofROS,withincertain
boundaries,isessentialtomaintaincellularhomeostasis.Thisnewandmorecomplexviewoftherole
ofoxidativestressinbiologicalprocessesconfirmsonceagaintheimportanceofastablBeequilibrium
betweenoxidantproductionandantioxidantdefensestopreservehealthandlongevity.
Becauseofthecellulardamageinducedbyoxidativestress,thereismuchinterestintheso-called
functionalfoods,encompassingdietaryantioxidants,forpreventinghumandisease.Theconsumption
ofdietaryantioxidants,suchasvitaminC,VitaminE,β-carotene,andpolyphenols,hasbeenindeed
associatedwithanimprovementofinflammation,areductionofatherosclerosisprogression,adecrease
incellularproliferationandmetastatization,andanameliorationoflipidmetabolism.Inotherwords,
antioxidantsmodulateseveralpathwaysinvolvedincellularmetabolism,survival,andproliferation,
maintainwell-being,andprotectthehumanbodyagainstthedevelopmentofthemostcommon
chronicpathologies,suchasmetabolicsyndrome,diabetes,cancer,andcardiovasculardiseases.
Thegoalofthisbookistodemonstratethattheconsumptionoffoodrichinantioxidantsprovide
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healthbenefitsandshouldbewidelyrecommendedaspartofahealthydiet.
Maurizio Battino and Francesca Giampieri
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Article
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Dietary Vitamin C, E and -Carotene Intake Does Not
Significantly Affect Plasma or Salivary Antioxidant
Indices and Salivary C-Reactive Protein in o
Older Subjects
AnnaGawron-Skarbek1,*,AgnieszkaGuligowska2,AnnaPrymont-Przymin´ska3,
MałgorzataGodala4,AgnieszkaKolmaga4,DariuszNowak5,FranciszekSzatko1and
TomaszKostka2 o
1 DepartmentofHygieneandHealthPromotion,MedicalUniversityofLodz,HalleraSt.1,Łódz´90-647,
Poland;[email protected]
2 DepartmentofGeriatrics,MedicalUniversityofLodz,PieninySt.30,Łódz´90-993,Poland;
[email protected](A.G.);[email protected](T.K.)
3 DepartmentofGeneralPhysiology,MedicalUniversityofLodz,MazowieckaSt.6/8,Łódz´92-215,Poland;
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[email protected]
4 DepartmentofHygieneofNutritionandEpidemiology,MedicalUniversityofLodz,HalleraSt.1,
Łódz´90-647,Poland;[email protected](M.G.);[email protected](A.K.)
5 DepartmentofClinicalPhysiology,MedicalUniversityofLodz,MazowieckaSt.6/8,Łódz´92-215,Poland;
[email protected]
* Correspondence:[email protected];Tel.:[phone]
Received:1June2017;Accepted:6July2017;Published:9July2017
Abstract:Itisnotclearwhetherhabitualdietaryintakeinfluencestheantioxidantorinflammatory
status. TheaimofthepresentstudywastoassesstheimpactofantioxidativevitaminsC,E,and
β-caroteneobtainedfromdailyfoodrationsonplasmaandsalivaryTotalAntioxidantCapacity(TAC),
uricacidandsalivaryC-reactiveprotein(CRP).Thestudyinvolved80oldersubjects(66.9±4.3years),
dividedintotwogroups:group1(n=43)withlowerandgroup2(n=37)withhighercIombined
vitaminsC,Eandβ-caroteneintake.A24-hdietaryrecallwasobtainedfromeachindividual.TAC
wasassessedsimultaneouslywithtwomethodsinplasma(FerricReducingAbilityofPlasma—FRAP,
2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl—DPPH)andinsaliva(FRASandDPPHStest). LowervPitaminC
intakecorrespondedtohigherFRAS.TherewerenoothercorrelationsbetweenvitaminsC,Eor
β-caroteneintakeandantioxidantindices.SalivaryCRPwasnotrelatedtoanyantioxidantindices.
FRASwasdecreasedingroup2(p<0.01)butnoothergroupdifferencesforsalivaryorforplasma
antioxidantparametersandsalivaryCRPwerefound. Habitual,notextrasupplementeddietary
intakedoesnotsignificantlyaffectplasmaorsalivaryTACandsalivaryCRP.
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Keywords:plasmatotalantioxidantcapacity;saliva;uricacid;C-reactiveprotein;diet;vitaminC
intake;vitaminEintake;β-carotene;DPPH;FRAP
1.Introduction
TherearenumerousinterventionalstudiesassessingthepotentialinfluenceofvariousnMutritional
compoundsaddedtofood[1,2]orbeverages[3]inDailyFoodRations(DFR)onantioxidantcapacity.
Increasedantioxidantstatushasbeenassociatedwithhighconsumptionoffruit, vegetablesand
plantoilsasmainfoodsourcesofantioxidativecompounds[4,5]. VitaminC,Eandβ-caroteneare
representativedietaryantioxidantssotheirhighcontentintheDFRisexpectedtoenhanceantioxidant
potentialinbodyfluids,cellsandtissues. However,limitedinformationisavailableonwhether
Nutrients2017,9,729 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients