Antioxidant Phytochemicals at the Pharma-Nutrition Interface

117 Pages·2017·11.67 MB·English

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Antioxidant Phytochemicals at the
Pharma-Nutrition Interface
Lead Guest Editor: Elena Azzini
Guest Editors: Gian L. Russo and Jasminka Giacometti
Antioxidant Phytochemicals at the
Pharma-Nutrition Interface
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Antioxidant Phytochemicals at the
Pharma-Nutrition Interface
Lead Guest Editor: Elena Azzini
Guest Editors: Gian L. Russo and Jasminka Giacometti
Copyright©2017Hindawi.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticlesdistributedunderthe
CreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedthe
originalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
AntonioAyala,Spain DanielaGiustarini,Italy DanielaPellegrino,Italy
PeterBackx,Canada SaeidGolbidi,Canada SerafinaPerrone,Italy
DamianBailey,UK TilmanGrune,Germany TizianaPersichini,Italy
ConsueloBorrás,Spain TimHofer,Norway VincentPialoux,France
VittorioCalabrese,Italy SilvanaHrelia,Italy AdaPopolo,Italy
AngelCatalá,Argentina MariaG.Isaguliants,Sweden JoséL.Quiles,Spain
Shao-YuChen,USA VladimirJakovljevic,Serbia WalidRachidi,France
ZhaoZhongChong,USA PeeterKarihtala,Finland KotaV.Ramana,USA
GiuseppeCirillo,Italy EricE.Kelley,USA SidharthaD.Ray,USA
MassimoCollino,Italy KumKumKhanna,Australia AlessandraRicelli,Italy
MarkCrabtree,UK NeelamKhaper,Canada FranciscoJ.Romero,Spain
ManuelaCurcio,Italy ThomasKietzmann,Finland H.P.VasanthaRupasinghe,Canada
AndreasDaiber,Germany Jean-ClaudeLavoie,Canada GabrieleSaretzki,UK
FelipeDalPizzol,Brazil ChristopherHorstLillig,Germany HonglianShi,USA
FrancescaDanesi,Italy PalomaB.Liton,USA CinziaSignorini,Italy
DomenicoD’Arca,Italy NageswaraMadamanchi,USA ShaneThomas,Australia
YolandadePablo,Sweden KennethMaiese,USA RosaTundis,Italy
GrégoryDurand,France TulliaMaraldi,Italy GiuseppeValacchi,Italy
JavierEgea,Spain ReikoMatsui,USA JeannetteVasquez-Vivar,USA
ErsinFadillioglu,Turkey StevenMcAnulty,USA VictorM.Victor,Spain
QingpingFeng,Canada BrunoMeloni,Australia MichalWozniak,Poland
GiuseppeFilomeni,Italy TrevorA.Mori,Australia Sho-ichiYamagishi,Japan
SwaranJ.S.Flora,India RyuichiMorishita,Japan Liang-JunYan,USA
RodrigoFranco,USA AngeMouithys-Mickalad,Belgium GuillermoZalba,Spain
JoséLuísGarcía-Giménez,Spain HassanObied,Australia JacekZielonka,USA
JanuszGebicki,Australia PálPacher,USA
HusamGhanim,USA ValentinaPallottini,Italy
Contents
AntioxidantPhytochemicalsatthePharma-NutritionInterface
ElenaAzzini,JasminkaGiacometti,andGianLuigiRusso
Volume2017,ArticleID6986143,3pages
Commenton“APreclinicalSystematicReviewofGinsenoside-Rg1inExperimentalParkinson’s
Disease”
Yi-boHe,Yong-linLiu,andYi-minChen
Volume2017,ArticleID7623954,2pages
Honey,Propolis,andRoyalJelly:AComprehensiveReviewofTheirBiologicalActionsandHealth
Benefits
VisweswaraRaoPasupuleti,LakhsmiSammugam,NagesvariRamesh,andSiewHuaGan
Volume2017,ArticleID1259510,21pages
AntiobesityEffectsofAnthocyaninsinPreclinicalandClinicalStudies
ElenaAzzini,JasminkaGiacometti,andGianLuigiRusso
Volume2017,ArticleID2740364,11pages
PitayaExtractsInduceGrowthInhibitionandProapoptoticEffectsonHumanCellLinesofBreast
CancerviaDownregulationofEstrogenReceptorGeneExpression
DeborahdeAlmeidaBauerGuimarães,DanielledosSantosBonfimDeCastro,FelipeLeitedeOliveira,
EduardoMatosNogueira,MarcoAntônioMotadaSilva,andAndersonJungerTeodoro
Volume2017,ArticleID7865073,13pages
Omega-3PolyunsaturatedFattyAcidsinCriticalIllness:Anti-Inflammatory,Proresolving,orBoth?
AlessioMolfino,MariaIdaAmabile,MassimoMonti,andMaurizioMuscaritoli
Volume2017,ArticleID5987082,6pages
RedYeastRiceProtectsCirculatingBoneMarrow-DerivedProangiogenicCellsagainst
High-Glucose-InducedSenescenceandOxidativeStress:TheRoleofHemeOxygenase-1
Jung-TungLiu,Huey-YiChen,Wen-ChiChen,Kee-MingMan,andYung-HsiangChen
Volume2017,ArticleID3831750,11pages
CinnamonPolyphenolExtractInhibitsHyperlipidemiaandInflammationbyModulationof
TranscriptionFactorsinHigh-FatDiet-FedRats
ZeynepTuzcu,CemalOrhan,NurhanSahin,VijayaJuturu,andKazimSahin
Volume2017,ArticleID1583098,10pages
APreclinicalSystematicReviewofGinsenoside-Rg1inExperimentalParkinson’sDisease
LiangSong,Meng-BeiXu,Xiao-LiZhou,Dao-peiZhang, Shu-lingZhang,andGuo-qingZheng
Volume2017,ArticleID2163053,14pages
Antioxidant,Cytotoxic,andToxicActivitiesofPropolisfromTwoNativeBeesinBrazil:Scaptotrigona
depilisandMeliponaquadrifasciataanthidioides
ThalinyBonamigo,JaquelineFerreiraCampos,TamaehMonteiroAlfredo,JoséBeneditoPerrellaBalestieri,
ClaudiaAndreaLimaCardoso,EdgarJulianParedes-Gamero,KelydePicoliSouza,
andEdsonLucasdosSantos
Volume2017,ArticleID1038153,12pages
PhytoconstituentsandNutritionalPropertiesoftheFruitsofEleutherococcusdivaricatusand
Eleutherococcussessiliflorus:AStudyofNon-EuropeanSpeciesCultivatedinPoland
DanielZałuski,MartaOlech,RobertVerpoorte,InamullahKhan,
RafałKuźniewski,andRenataNowak
Volume2017,ArticleID8374295,7pages
Hindawi
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Volume 2017, Article ID 6986143, 3 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6986143
Editorial
Antioxidant Phytochemicals at the Pharma-Nutrition Interface
1 2 3
Elena Azzini, Jasminka Giacometti, and Gian Luigi Russo
1CouncilforAgriculturalResearchandEconomics(CREA),ResearchCenterforFoodandNutrition,ViaArdeatina546,
00178Rome,Italy
2DepartmentofBiotechnology,UniversityofRijeka,RadmileMatejčić2,51000Rijeka,Croatia
3InstituteofFoodSciences,NationalResearchCouncil,83100Avellino,Italy
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoElenaAzzini;[email protected]
Received 25 October 2017; Accepted 25 October 2017; Published 8 November 2017
Copyright © 2017 Elena Azzini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including obesity, as extracts in animal and cellular models. The articles have
diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, represent an been selected on the basis of fundamental ideas/concepts
emerging global health issue. Nutrition, as known, repre- rather than the thoroughness of techniques employed. The
sents one of the most important aspects of health; several papersareorganisedasfollows.
researchers have shown that nutrition plays a crucial role D.deAlmeidaBauerGuimarãesetal.suggestthatpitaya
in the prevention of food deficiencies, behavioural disor- extract (PE) may have a protective effect against breast
ders, and chronic diseases. The last decades saw the prolif- cancer. PE showed high antioxidant activity, and high
eration of studies on the healthy benefits of specific classes values of anthocyanins induced a selective decrease in cell
of nutrients. Among these, phytochemicals took the lead proliferation caused by PE in MCF-7 (ER+) cell line and
for their capacity to act as antioxidants, a function which an increase in G /G phase followed by a decrease in G /M
0 1 2
inspired the so-called “antioxidant hypothesis” or “free phase. Also, PE induced apoptosis in MCF-7 (ER+) cell
radical theory” for degenerative diseases originated back line and suppressed BRCA , BRCA , PRAB, and Erα
1 2
in the late 1980s–middle 1990s. After more than twenty gene expression.
years of intense researches, phytochemicals remain an émi- D.Załuskietal.highlightedthefruitsofEleutherococcus
nence grise in the area of the natural remedies against species rich in polyphenols as a new income source of
degenerative diseases. In fact, if, from one side, their func- agricultureandindustryinnaturalproductsandfoods.These
tional pleiotropy guarantees multiple therapeutic and pre- fruits act as antioxidants, induce apoptosis in Jurkat 45
ventive effects, their low bioavailability and high metabolic leukemic cell line, and inhibit the activity of MMP-1,
transformation represent an unsolved issue on the way MMP-2,MMP-3,andMMP-9.
to demonstrate a clear structure-function relationship in L. Song et al. reported a preclinical systematic review
regulating cellular physiology. aboutG-Rg1asapromisingpotentialneuroprotectiveagainst
Theaimofthepresentspecialissuewasnottoproposea PDmodelthroughdifferentmechanismsincludingantineur-
solutionforallthequestionssurroundingthemechanismsof oinflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects. On
action of phytochemicals but to bring the attention of the the other hand, a letter by Yi-bo et al. expressed comment
readers on specific themes with a selection of high quality on “A Preclinical Systematic Review of Ginsenoside-Rg1 in
researcharticlesandreviews,hopingtostimulatetheirthink- Experimental Parkinson’s Disease” by inviting the authors
ing.This special issuecomprising nine papersis focused on toamoreconservative conclusion.Thus,further controlled
variousaspectsofphytochemicalseffectswhenadministered studies in animals should be attempted to establish the
2 OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity
G-Rg1 as a drug candidate, rather than confirmed by defined as a family of lipid mediators derived from omega-
clinical trials immediately. 6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and
V. R. Pasupuleti et al. have given a review of several includingwell-knownbioactivecompounds,suchaslipoxins
health benefits of honeybee products used as food, such as (omega-6 PUFA derived) and D-/E-series resolvins, protec-
honey, propolis, and royal jelly, on metabolic diseases, tins, and maresins (omega-3 PUFA derived). The authors
cancers,andothersdiseases. focused on the anti-inflammatory and proresolving role
T.Bonamigoetal.describedhowthechemicalconstitu- of omega-3-derived SPM in critical illnesses. They firstly
ents of propolis, such as phytosterols, terpenes, aromatic reviewedtheimportanceofgeneticsignatureindetermining
acids, and tocopherol, are important in the control of the level of expression of SPMs, their biosynthetic isomers,
diseases. In the study of antioxidant, cytotoxic, and toxic andpathwaysintraumapatients.Althoughstillcircumstan-
activities of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) obtained tial, literature data suggest that circulating levels of PUFAs
from the Brazilian stingless bees Scaptotrigona depilis and PUFA metabolites may influence the inflammatory
(EEP-S)andMeliponaquadrifasciataanthidioides(EEP-M), responses via the NF-κB pathway. It remains to be deter-
they indicated the cytotoxic activity of EEPs against ery- mined the cause-effect relationship between severe inflam-
throleukemic cells and necrosis as the main mechanism matory pathological conditions and inactivation of specific
of death observed. In addition, cytotoxic doses of EEPs SPM pathways. The anti-inflammatory or proresolving
were not toxic against Caenorhabditis elegans. Bioactive effects of PUFAs in clinics are encouraging since the latest
mixture found in EEP-S and EEP-M can be used in the clinicalmeta-analysissuggestsa reduced ICU lengthofstay
control of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inpatientsfollowingcardiacsurgeryandsupplementedwith
tumour cell proliferation. omega-3 PUFA-enriched parenteral emulsions. A. Molfino
Z. Tuzcu et al. showed that cinnamon reduces the et al. conclude that evidence are increasing in favor of a
hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress through protective role of omega-3 PUFA-derived SPMs as anti-
activating transcription factors and antioxidative defense inflammatory and proresolving nutrients, although future
signaling pathway in high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed rats. workmust be devoted to assess the optimal lipid emulsions
Cinnamon polyphenol also suppressed the expression of andtheirspecificuses.
hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c E. Azzini et al. highlighted the following key points:
(SREBP-1c), liver X receptor (LXR-α), ATP-citrate lyase, the healthy relationship between anthocyanin supplemen-
fatty acid synthase (FAS), and nuclear factor kappa B tation and their antiobesity effects suffers of the same con-
p65(NF-κBp65)andenhancedtheperoxisomeproliferator- tradictions and doubtable interpretations, which emerge
activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), insulin receptor sub- when the beneficial responses of other phytochemicals
strate 1 (IRS-1), nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), towards different degenerative diseases are considered;
and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expressions in the HFD the different dosage applied in animal versus clinical stud-
rat livers. ies; the complex metabolism and biotransformation to
J.-T. Liu et al. investigated the molecular mechanism which anthocyanins and phytochemicals are subjected in
supporting the protective effect of red yeast rice (RYR; the intestine and tissues; the possibility that different com-
Monascus purpureus-fermented rice) in limiting the vascu- ponents present in the supplemented mixtures can interact
lar complications of diabetes. Using an ex vivo cellular generating antagonistic, synergistic, or additive effects diffi-
model represented by human bone marrow-derived proan- cult to predict; and the difference between prevention and
giogenic cells (PACs) isolated from healthy donors and therapy. The authors concluded that the evolution of the
treated with nontoxic concentrations of RYR extract field must seriously consider the need to establish new
(<50μg/ml), the authors demonstrated its capacity to and adequate cellular and animal models, which may, in
induce time-dependently Nrf2 nuclear translocation in turn, allow the design of more efficient and prevention-
PAC cells which resulted in a dose-dependent induction targeted clinical studies.
of HO-1 mRNA expression and, in parallel, a dose- and Long duration and slow progression of NCDs could be
time-dependentincreaseinHO-1proteinexpression.Using counteractedbymodulatingtheintakeofmacro-andmicro-
multiple and complementary approaches, the authors nutrients. The use of food components (including polyphe-
confirmed the beneficial effects of RYR extract showing its nols, glucosinolates, PUFAs, fibers, and friendly bacteria)
ability to inhibit senescence and oxidative stress (produc- among patients on conventional pharmacological therapy
tion of ROS) following treatment of PAC cells with high should be carefully assessed due to the possibility of food-
glucose (30mM). Although the direct target of RYR, which druginteractions.Evenifseveralfoodcompoundsmayexert
triggersthecascadeofreactions,leadingtotheactivationof a prophylactic function within the human body, their
HO-1, has not been identified, Chen’s group optimistically bioavailability and bioactivity have high interindividual
proposes that RYR extract may serve as alternative and variability and the mechanisms of biological action of food
complementary medicine in decreasing the vascular com- extracts and bioactive compounds remain to be elucidated.
plications of diabetes. Consequently, well-designed randomized clinical trials are
A. Molfino et al. analyze the active, anti-inflammatory needed to clarify the precise role of food components
role of the specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), and/or new food in human health.
OxidativeMedicineandCellularLongevity 3
Acknowledgments
The Editors wish to thank all authors who submitted their
research to this special issue sharing our interest for this
specialissue.
ElenaAzzini
JasminkaGiacometti
GianLuigiRusso