Antigens and Antibodies BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS: Present

71 Pages·2012·0.67 MB·English

by  Jennifer Rosenbaum

Introduction to Immunohematology

W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol
Emeritus Professor
University of Michigan
Objectives
After reviewing this presentation you will be able to:
 Outline methods for detecting IgM and IgG antibodies
 Discuss the principle of gel technology
 Discuss the potential applications of blood group
genotyping
2 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Immunohematology
 Pretransfusion testing
• ABO and Rh typing
• Antibody detection
• Crossmatching
 Investigation of immune hemolysis
 Perinatal testing
 Blood group phenotyping/genotyping
 Leukocyte and platelet serology
3 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Antigens and Antibodies
BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS:
Present (predominantly) on red blood cells

BLOOD GROUP ANTIBODIES
Present in plasma (or serum)

4 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Antigen
An antigen is a substance (molecule) that, when
introduced into a human (or animal) who lacks
that substance, triggers the production of
antibody by the body’s immune system. The
antibody thus produced will react specifically with
the antigen in an observable way.
5 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Blood Group Antigens
 324 blood group antigens recognized
 33 blood group systems
 40 unassigned antigens
 Molecular biology of assigned antigens is known
http5://www.isbtweb.org/fileadmin/user_upload/WP_on_Red_Cell_Immunogenetics
_and/Table_of_blood_group_antigens_within_systems_v2.0_110914.pdf
6 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Antigen Function
ADHESION TRANSPORTERS
CARBOHYDRATES MOLECULES AND CHANNELS
ABO LW IN RH CO
H
P1PK XG SC RHAG GIL
I
LE FY MER2 JK XR
FORS
GLOB LU JMH DI
OK
COMPLEMENT STRUCTURAL OR
REGULATION ENZYMES UNKNOWN
CH/RG H MNS
KEL
CROM I GE
YT
KN FORS DO
7 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
System Notations
Common ISBT ISBT
Name Name Common Name Name
Rh RH P P1PK
Kell KEL Colton CO
Duffy FY Dombrock DO
Kidd JK Cartwright YT
Lewis LE MNS MNS
Diego DI Lutheran LU
8 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Antigens, Genes and Phenotypes
System Antigens Genes Phenotypes
ABO A, B A, B, O A, B, O, AB
K-k+; K+k+; K+k- or
KEL K, k K, k
K-1,2; K1,2; K-1,2
Fy(a+b+); Fy(a+b-);
FY Fya, Fyb Fya, Fyb
Fy(a+b-)
P P P1, P2 P , P
1 1 2
9 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only
Blood Group Antigens – Key Points
 Are present on RBCs as glycolipids, proteins or
glycoproteins
 Are inherited characteristics
 Have biological function
 Most are assigned to one of 31 blood group systems
10 | Introduction to Immunohematology | W. John Judd, FIBMS, MIBiol | February 2012| Business Use Only