Table Of ContentAnti-Jacobitism and the English People,
1714–1746
In both 1715 and 1745, there was a major military challenge in Britain to
the thrones of George I and George II, posed by Jacobite supporters of
the exiled Stuart claimant. This book examines the responses of those
loyal to the Hanoverian dynasty, whose efforts have been ignored or dis-
paraged compared to the military perspective or that of the Jacobites.
These efforts included those of the clergy who gave loyalist sermons,
accompanied the volunteer forces against the Jacobites and even stood up
to the Jacobite forces in person. The lords lieutenant organized militia
and volunteer forces to support the status quo. Official bodies, such as
the corporations, parishes, quarter sessions and sheriffs, organized events
to celebrate loyalist occasions and dealt with local Jacobite sympathisers.
The press, both national and regional, was uniformly loyal. Finally, both
the middling and common people acted, often violently, against those
thought to be hostile towards the status quo. The effectiveness of these
bodies had limits, but was at times decisive, and showed that the dynasty
was not without popular support in its hours of crisis.
This volume is essential reading for all those interested in the Jacobite
rebellions and the early English Georgian state, church and society.
Jonathan Oates obtained a PhD from Reading University in 2001 and
has been employed as Borough Archivist for the London Borough of
Ealing since 1999.
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Carlo Taviani
The Trial of Giordano Bruno
Germano Maifreda
A Genlis Education and Enlightenment Values
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Denise Yim
Anti-Jacobitism and the English People, 1714–1746
Jonathan Oates
The Eye of the Crown
The Development and Evolution of the Elizabethan Secret Service
Kristin M.S. Bezio
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Anti-Jacobitism and the
English People, 1714–1746
Jonathan Oates
First published 2023
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an
informa business
© 2023 Jonathan Oates
The right of Jonathan Oates to be identified as author of this
work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
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or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Oates, Jonathan, author.
Title: Anti-Jacobitism and the English people, 1714-1746 / Jonathan Oates.
Description: New York : Routledge, 2022. | Series: Routledge research in
early modern history | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2022005518 (print) | LCCN 2022005519 (ebook) | ISBN
9781003119081 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367634056 (paperback) | ISBN
9781003119081 (ebook) | ISBN 9781000624700 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781000624717 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Jacobites. | Great Britain--History--1714-1837. | Great
Britain--History--George I, 1714-1727. | Great Britain--History--George
II, 1727-1760.
Classification: LCC DA498 .O185 2022 (print) | LCC DA498 (ebook) | DDC
941.07/1--dc23/eng/20220217
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022005518
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022005519
ISBN: 978-0-367-63403-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-63405-6 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-11908-1 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003119081
Typeset in Sabon
by SPi Technologies India Pvt Ltd (Straive)
To Professor Jeremy Black
Contents
Acknowledgements viii
Introduction 1
1 A New King and His Supporters, August 1714–July 1715 15
2 Preparations, 20 July–6 October 1715 32
3 The Crisis: 6 October–13 November 1715 43
4 The Loyalist Triumph: 14 November 1715–November 1716 72
5 Responses to New Challenges, August–October 1745 89
6 The Responses to the Jacobite Invasion, 8 November–5
December 1745 146
7 Responses to the Jacobite Retreat and a New Threat, 5–31
December 1745 178
8 Loyalist Triumphs, January–October 1746 210
Conclusion 245
Appendices: Loyal Addresses 250
Bibliography 256
Index 267
Acknowledgements
Quotations from the Royal Archives: Cumberland Papers, are by the gra-
cious permission of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
Dr Bill Shannon kindly sent the author copies of material from
Lancashire Record Office.
This book could not have been written without the assistance of
numerous archivists, librarians and their staffs over the year in the pro-
duction of documents, books and other resources, which are the stuff of
history.
This book is dedicated to Professor Jeremy Black.
Introduction
It is often complained that history is written about the winners. This
popular misconception is nowhere more proved false than by even a cur-
sory study of the writings on one of the most important political forces in
early Georgian Britain; that of Jacobitism and the Jacobite campaigns to
overthrow the relatively new status quo.
Although this book is not about Jacobitism, it is necessary to briefly
state what it was. It was a political creed which existed throughout
Britain in the decades following the revolution of 1688, petering out only
in the later years of the reign (1727–1760) of George II, nearly a century
later. It was grounded in a belief that the Catholic branch of the Stuart
family which had lost the thrones of Britain following that revolution,
was the legitimate monarchy of Great Britain. These followers were
known as Jacobites, after the Latin for James; Jacobus. Some of them
made strenuous attempts to overthrow those monarchs who succeeded
the ousted Stuart King, James II and VII (1632–1701) and to replace him
or her with the said James and, after his death in 1701, with his son
James Francis Stuart (1688–1766) titular James III and VIII. Jacobitism
encompassed a whole range of actions and words; from toasting the King
over the water in private, writing insulting references to the Georges in a
diary, to making such expressions in public, to taking part in Jacobite
demonstrations and, in a few cases, to enlisting in the Jacobite armies.
Most English Jacobites were to be found among Catholics, Non-Jurors
(that minority of Anglicans who did not accept the deposition of James
II) and some Tories, who formed much of the Parliamentary opposition
in 1714–1760. Some were ideologically committed; others were political
opportunists, whose Jacobitism changed over time. It led to two major
and one minor armed attempt in mainland Britain to overthrow the
Hanoverian monarchy.1
Support for the Stuarts once appeared to be mainly confined to
Scotland, and especially to the Highlands of Scotland, because that is
where the bulk of those willing to fight for the Stuarts came from and
that is where most of the battles and sieges took place. This is still the
popular view but has not been that of scholars for decades. The amount
DOI: 10.4324/9781003119081-1
